fabric入门

author： headsen  chen

date： 2018-08-12  23:13:16

1，安装

yum -y install epel-release
yum -y install fabric

2,指定密码的使用：
fab -p 123456 -H 192.168.10.10 -f f1.py w

#cat f1.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
from fabric.api import run
def w():
    run('w')

确定：当指定的密码不正确的时候，会一直让你尝试输入密码

3，通过定义的密码文件来执行fab命令

[root@localhost mnt]# vim f2.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from fabric.api import *
env.hosts = ['192.168.10.104','192.168.10.105','192.168.10.101']
env.port = '22'
env.user = 'root'
env.password = '123456'

def a():
    with cd('/tmp'):
        run('touch a{1..10}')
        run('ls /tmp')
def b():
    run('uptime')
@task
def go():
    a()
    b()

[root@localhost mnt]# fab -f f2.py go

[192.168.10.104] Executing task 'go'
[192.168.10.104] run: touch a{1..10}
[192.168.10.104] run: ls /tmp
[192.168.10.104] out: a1 a10 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 yum.log
[192.168.10.104] out:

[192.168.10.104] run: uptime
[192.168.10.104] out: 05:21:33 up 57 min, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
[192.168.10.104] out:

[192.168.10.105]
... 
[192.168.10.101]
...
Done.
Disconnecting from 192.168.10.101... done.
Disconnecting from 192.168.10.104... done.
Disconnecting from 192.168.10.105... done.

4，指定秘钥对连接（将该密钥对的公钥放到对方的机器的 /root/.ssh/id_pub_rsa文件中去）

[root@localhost mnt]# cat bak-com.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
from fabric.api import *

def w():
    run("w") 

[root@localhost mnt]# fab  -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa -H 192.168.8.222 -f bak-com.py w
[192.168.8.222] Executing task 'w'
[192.168.8.222] run: w
[192.168.8.222] out:  14:14:27 up 5 days,  4:07,  2 users,  load average: 0.16, 0.15, 0.10
[192.168.8.222] out: USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
[192.168.8.222] out: root     pts/0    192.168.20.29    14:01    8:51   0.28s  0.04s -bash
[192.168.8.222] out: root     pts/1    192.168.20.29    14:14    0.00s  0.01s  0.01s w
[192.168.8.222] out: 
Done.
Disconnecting from 192.168.8.222... done.

4，多个客户端的不同端口和不同密码的模板

[root@localhost mnt]# cat f4.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
from fabric.api import *
from fabric.context_managers import *
from fabric.contrib.console import *

env.hosts=['root@192.168.10.104:22','root@192.168.10.105:22','root@192.168.10.101:22']
# -----> 这一步当都为root和22端口时可以简写为：env.hosts=['192.168.10.104','192.168.10.105','192.168.10.101']
env.user = 'root'
env.passwords = {
'root@192.168.10.104:22':'123456',      #  ------->注意：这里的为固定格式，22端口指定不可少，否则报错
'root@192.168.10.105:22':'123456',
'root@192.168.10.101:22':'jack123',
}
def a():
    with cd('/tmp'):
        run('touch a{1..10}')
def b():
    run('uptime')
@task
def c():
    a()
    b()    

5，利用fabric来传送本地文件到客户端上去

[root@localhost mnt]# vim f6.py 

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
from fabric.api import *
from fabric.context_managers import *
from fabric.contrib.console import *
env.hosts=['192.168.10.104','192.168.10.105','192.168.10.101']
env.user = 'root'
env.passwords = {
'root@192.168.10.104:22':'123456',
'root@192.168.10.105:22':'123456',
'root@192.168.10.101:22':'jack123',
}
def a():
    put('/tmp/jack123','/tmp/')  # --------> 此时在客户端上生成 jack123的文件，如果要在客户度上改名：put('/tmp/jack123','/tmp/jack')

[root@localhost mnt]# fab -f f6.py a

[192.168.10.104] Executing task 'a'
[192.168.10.104] put: /tmp/jack123 -> /tmp/jack123
[192.168.10.105] Executing task 'a'
[192.168.10.105] put: /tmp/jack123 -> /tmp/jack123
[192.168.10.101] Executing task 'a'
[192.168.10.101] put: /tmp/jack123 -> /tmp/jack123

Done.
Disconnecting from 192.168.10.101... done.
Disconnecting from 192.168.10.104... done.
Disconnecting from 192.168.10.105... done.

6，从客户端上拉取文件到本地

[root@localhost mnt]# cat f7.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
from fabric.api import *
from fabric.context_managers import *
from fabric.contrib.console import *
env.host=['192.168.10.104']
env.user = 'root'
env.password = 'jack123'
def a():
    get('/tmp/tom','/opt/')

[root@localhost mnt]# fab -f f7.py a

[192.168.10.104] Executing task 'a'
[192.168.10.104] download: /opt/tom <- /tmp/tom
Disconnecting from 192.168.10.104... done.

7，task装饰器的作用

被标识的函数为fab可调用的，程序内的其他函数不可通过fab -f x.py go 调用，当整个程序内都没有@task时，则任何函数都可以被
fab命令调用

实例：

#!/usr/bin/env python
from fabric.api import *
def lsfab():
    with lcd('/mnt/'):
        local('ls')
def host_name():
    local('uptime')
@task
def go():
    lsfab()
    host_name()    

此时不可以通过：fab -f f1.py lsfab 此时不成功。当没有@task时，这样调用可以

 8，run_once

标识的函数只会执行一次，只会在第一台主机执行，后面的主机不再执行其下的函数，不受多台主机影响。

实例：
[root@localhost mnt]# cat f3.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
from fabric.api import *

env.hosts=['192.168.13.128','192.168.13.130']
env.user='root'
env.password='123456'
def a():
    with cd('/tmp'):
        run('ls')
def b():
    run('uptime')
@runs_once
def c():
    a()
    b()    

[root@localhost mnt]# fab -f f3.py c # 此时在13.130机器上就不执行了。

[root@192.168.13.128:10000] Executing task 'c'
[root@192.168.13.128:10000] run: ls
[root@192.168.13.128:10000] out: yum.log

[root@192.168.13.128:10000] run: uptime
[root@192.168.13.128:10000] out: 01:59:19 up 2:21, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

Done.
Disconnecting from 192.168.13.128:10000... done.
[root@localhost mnt]#

9，fab的本地执行和远程执行

[root@localhost 7]# cat f2.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from fabric.api import *
env.user='root'
env.hosts=['192.168.13.128','192.168.13.129']
env.password='123456'

@runs_once
def local_task () :    #本地任务函数
    local("uname -a")

def remote_task():
    with cd ("/home") :             # “with”的作用是让后面的表达式的语句继承当前状态，实现
        run ("ls -1")               # “cd /data/logs && Is -1"的效果

10，交互式fab使用方法（执行命令时输入参数）

[root@localhost 7]# cat f3.py

#!/usr/bin/env python 
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from fabric.api import *
env.user='root'
env.hosts=['192.168.13.128','192.168.13.129']
env.password='123456'

@runs_once            #主机遍历过程中，只有第一台触发此函数 
def input_raw():
    return prompt("please input directory name:",default="/home")

def worktask(dirname):
    run("ls -l "+dirname)
@task                 #限定只有go函数对fab命令可见 
def go():
    getdirname = input_raw()
    worktask(getdirname)

[root@localhost mnt]# fab -f f8.py go

[192.168.10.104] Executing task 'go'
please input directory name: [/home] /tmp
[192.168.10.104] run: ls -l /tmp
[192.168.10.104] out: total 12
[192.168.10.104] out: -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 13 05:45 a1
...

[192.168.10.105] Executing task 'go'
[192.168.10.105] run: ls -l /tmp
[192.168.10.105] out: total 8
[192.168.10.105] out: -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 13 05:45 a1
...
[192.168.10.105] out:

Done.
Disconnecting from 192.168.10.104... done.
Disconnecting from 192.168.10.105... done.