自动化预备知识上&&下--Android自动化测试学习历程

章节：自动化基础篇——自动化预备知识上&&下

主要讲解内容及笔记：

一、需要具备的能力：

测试一年，编程一年，熟悉并掌握业界自动化测试工具（monkey--压力测试、monkeyrunner--基于坐标点的可用作功能测试和回归测试、robotium、UIAutomator-google2013年推出的基于控件的框架），Python脚本写过自动化

二、希望具备能力：

1、linux命令（上学学过，但是忘记了，需要回顾和使用）

2、会android简单开发（只是停留在超级基础阶段，还需要看教程）

3、会eclipse插件开发（需要查看资料，自我学习）

三、业界自动化框架（需要自学）

1、基于坐标点触屏:monkeyrunner、北京播思自研工具

2、基于随机流的单元测试：CTS（针对android的framework的测试，防止把android架构改的面目全非）、Monkey（命令：adb monkey -p -v）

3、基于元素图形对比：SeeTest（网址：http://experitest.com）、I-Test

4、腾讯Bita（bita.qq.com）和GT（gt.tencent.com，关注性能测试）

5、百度云和ITestIn（http://testin.cn）、阿里巴巴（TMTS）

6、基于控件信息：Robotium+Junit4框架、东舟Smart-Robot、美国风河公司：wind test managerment

7、NativeDriver和Selenium（已经被UIAutomator替代）

四、ADB详解

1、ADB——官网文档（PORT:TCP 5037）

ADB（android debug bridge）即调试桥接，是一种命令行工具，可以与你的模拟器或者是andorid设备进行通讯，包括三部分组成：

（1）是一个客户端，可以运行在你的开发机上

（2）是一个服务器，以后台形式运行在你的开发机上，当一个server启动后，它就会绑定TCP的5037端口并且监听从adb客户端发出的请求——所有的adb客户端都使用这个端口5037来与server进行通信，如果安装了其他如腾讯手机助手啊之类的，把这个端口占用了，就会导致adb不可用，就需要通过kill servers将其杀掉

（3）是一个守护进程，使得每一个模拟器或者设备的实例都能够运行在后台

adb.exe的具体位置：安装程序/sdk/platform-tools，如D:Program Filesadt-bundle-windows-x86-20130717sdkplatform-tools

2、测试ADB

adb命令行：

（1）adb devices     #查看设备列表

问题：这里提示unauthorized？为什么？

没有授权，也就是说手机连接电脑后提示的USB调试的授权，点击确定后，就能够被识别，不行就多试几次

但是为什么用手机助手就能够装上呢？他怎么处理的未授权的问题呢？

（2）adb install 拖进来的apk文件    #安装apk文件

如：abd install wifinext.apk，之后会提示安装进度和success，即提示成功了

（3）adb uninstall 已经安装的apk文件    #卸载apk文件

adb uninstall wifinext.apk，之后会提示Failure

原因在于安装后的包名已将改变，变为AndroidMainifest.xml文件中<manifest>节点下，package元素所指定的名字

因此使用：adb uninstall com.qihoo.linker ，之后提示success

（4）adb push 拖进来的一个文件  /data/local/tmp     #将某文件push进一个目录下

作用：可以测试当空间被占满之类的情况下程序的运行情况，如可以拖进来一个很大的程序，关注内存等

（5）adb pull          #与push相对，将文件拉出

如：adb pull  /data/local/tmp/xxx.apk    C://

（6）adb kill-server

（7）adb shell之后出现的$：表示没有被root，是#：表示被root

3、AndroidDebugBridge源码详解

ADB的源码位置：D:Program Filesadt-bundle-windows-x86-20130717sdk oolslibddmlib.jar

就是要包含这个ddmlib.jar，具体如何理解：

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/17381324/how-to-tell-if-android-device-detected-by-adb

这个是在stackoverflow上的一个问答：关于如何才能知道android设备是否连接通过adb？

查看一下androiddebugbridge的源码，能够看到里面有一个createbrige的方法，源代码如下：

能够搜索到有两个createbridge方法，一种是createbridge()方法，该方法会判断是否存在一个adb连接，是则将其返回；

另一种是createbridge(String osLocation, boolean forceNewBridge)

该方法会生成一个新的adb连接，不论原来是否存在

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.athrun.ddmlib;


import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.lang.Thread.State;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.security.InvalidParameterException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import org.athrun.ddmlib.Log.LogLevel;

/**
 * A connection to the host-side android debug bridge (adb)
 * <p/>
 * This is the central point to communicate with any devices, emulators, or the
 * applications running on them.
 * <p/>
 * <b>{@link #init(boolean)} must be called before anything is done.</b>
 */
public final class AndroidDebugBridge {

    /*
     * Minimum and maximum version of adb supported. This correspond to
     * ADB_SERVER_VERSION found in //device/tools/adb/adb.h
     */

    private final static int ADB_VERSION_MICRO_MIN = 20;
    private final static int ADB_VERSION_MICRO_MAX = -1;

    private final static Pattern sAdbVersion = Pattern
            .compile("^.*(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)$"); //$NON-NLS-1$

    private final static String ADB = "adb"; //$NON-NLS-1$
    private final static String DDMS = "ddms"; //$NON-NLS-1$
    private final static String SERVER_PORT_ENV_VAR = "ANDROID_ADB_SERVER_PORT"; //$NON-NLS-1$

    // Where to find the ADB bridge.
    final static String ADB_HOST = "127.0.0.1"; //$NON-NLS-1$
    final static int ADB_PORT = 5037;

    private static InetAddress sHostAddr;
    private static InetSocketAddress sSocketAddr;

    private static AndroidDebugBridge sThis;
    private static boolean sInitialized = false;
    private static boolean sClientSupport;

    /** Full path to adb. */
    private String mAdbOsLocation = null;

    private boolean mVersionCheck;

    private boolean mStarted = false;

    private DeviceMonitor mDeviceMonitor;

    private final static ArrayList<IDebugBridgeChangeListener> sBridgeListeners = new ArrayList<IDebugBridgeChangeListener>();
    private final static ArrayList<IDeviceChangeListener> sDeviceListeners = new ArrayList<IDeviceChangeListener>();
    private final static ArrayList<IClientChangeListener> sClientListeners = new ArrayList<IClientChangeListener>();

    // lock object for synchronization
    private static final Object sLock = sBridgeListeners;

    /**
     * Classes which implement this interface provide a method that deals with
     * {@link AndroidDebugBridge} changes.
     */
    public interface IDebugBridgeChangeListener {
        /**
         * Sent when a new {@link AndroidDebugBridge} is connected.
         * <p/>
         * This is sent from a non UI thread.
         * 
         * @param bridge
         *            the new {@link AndroidDebugBridge} object.
         */
        public void bridgeChanged(AndroidDebugBridge bridge);
    }

    /**
     * Classes which implement this interface provide methods that deal with
     * {@link IDevice} addition, deletion, and changes.
     */
    public interface IDeviceChangeListener {
        /**
         * Sent when the a device is connected to the {@link AndroidDebugBridge}
         * .
         * <p/>
         * This is sent from a non UI thread.
         * 
         * @param device
         *            the new device.
         */
        public void deviceConnected(IDevice device);

        /**
         * Sent when the a device is connected to the {@link AndroidDebugBridge}
         * .
         * <p/>
         * This is sent from a non UI thread.
         * 
         * @param device
         *            the new device.
         */
        public void deviceDisconnected(IDevice device);

        /**
         * Sent when a device data changed, or when clients are
         * started/terminated on the device.
         * <p/>
         * This is sent from a non UI thread.
         * 
         * @param device
         *            the device that was updated.
         * @param changeMask
         *            the mask describing what changed. It can contain any of
         *            the following values: {@link IDevice#CHANGE_BUILD_INFO},
         *            {@link IDevice#CHANGE_STATE},
         *            {@link IDevice#CHANGE_CLIENT_LIST}
         */
        public void deviceChanged(IDevice device, int changeMask);
    }

    /**
     * Classes which implement this interface provide methods that deal with
     * {@link Client} changes.
     */
    public interface IClientChangeListener {
        /**
         * Sent when an existing client information changed.
         * <p/>
         * This is sent from a non UI thread.
         * 
         * @param client
         *            the updated client.
         * @param changeMask
         *            the bit mask describing the changed properties. It can
         *            contain any of the following values:
         *            {@link Client#CHANGE_INFO},
         *            {@link Client#CHANGE_DEBUGGER_STATUS},
         *            {@link Client#CHANGE_THREAD_MODE},
         *            {@link Client#CHANGE_THREAD_DATA},
         *            {@link Client#CHANGE_HEAP_MODE},
         *            {@link Client#CHANGE_HEAP_DATA},
         *            {@link Client#CHANGE_NATIVE_HEAP_DATA}
         */
        public void clientChanged(Client client, int changeMask);
    }

    /**
     * Initializes the <code>ddm</code> library.
     * <p/>
     * This must be called once <b>before</b> any call to
     * {@link #createBridge(String, boolean)}.
     * <p>
     * The library can be initialized in 2 ways:
     * <ul>
     * <li>Mode 1: <var>clientSupport</var> == <code>true</code>.<br>
     * The library monitors the devices and the applications running on them. It
     * will connect to each application, as a debugger of sort, to be able to
     * interact with them through JDWP packets.</li>
     * <li>Mode 2: <var>clientSupport</var> == <code>false</code>.<br>
     * The library only monitors devices. The applications are left untouched,
     * letting other tools built on <code>ddmlib</code> to connect a debugger to
     * them.</li>
     * </ul>
     * <p/>
     * <b>Only one tool can run in mode 1 at the same time.</b>
     * <p/>
     * Note that mode 1 does not prevent debugging of applications running on
     * devices. Mode 1 lets debuggers connect to <code>ddmlib</code> which acts
     * as a proxy between the debuggers and the applications to debug. See
     * {@link Client#getDebuggerListenPort()}.
     * <p/>
     * The preferences of <code>ddmlib</code> should also be initialized with
     * whatever default values were changed from the default values.
     * <p/>
     * When the application quits, {@link #terminate()} should be called.
     * 
     * @param clientSupport
     *            Indicates whether the library should enable the monitoring and
     *            interaction with applications running on the devices.
     * @see AndroidDebugBridge#createBridge(String, boolean)
     * @see DdmPreferences
     */
    public static synchronized void init(boolean clientSupport) {
        if (sInitialized) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "AndroidDebugBridge.init() has already been called.");
        }
        sInitialized = true;
        sClientSupport = clientSupport;

        // Determine port and instantiate socket address.
        initAdbSocketAddr();

        MonitorThread monitorThread = MonitorThread.createInstance();
        monitorThread.start();

        HandleHello.register(monitorThread);
        HandleAppName.register(monitorThread);
        HandleTest.register(monitorThread);
        HandleThread.register(monitorThread);
        HandleHeap.register(monitorThread);
        HandleWait.register(monitorThread);
        HandleProfiling.register(monitorThread);
        HandleNativeHeap.register(monitorThread);
    }

    /**
     * Terminates the ddm library. This must be called upon application
     * termination.
     */
    public static synchronized void terminate() {
        // kill the monitoring services
        if (sThis != null && sThis.mDeviceMonitor != null) {
            sThis.mDeviceMonitor.stop();
            sThis.mDeviceMonitor = null;
        }

        MonitorThread monitorThread = MonitorThread.getInstance();
        if (monitorThread != null) {
            monitorThread.quit();
        }

        sInitialized = false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether the ddmlib is setup to support monitoring and interacting
     * with {@link Client}s running on the {@link IDevice}s.
     */
    static boolean getClientSupport() {
        return sClientSupport;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the socket address of the ADB server on the host.
     */
    public static InetSocketAddress getSocketAddress() {
        return sSocketAddr;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@link AndroidDebugBridge} that is not linked to any particular
     * executable.
     * <p/>
     * This bridge will expect adb to be running. It will not be able to
     * start/stop/restart adb.
     * <p/>
     * If a bridge has already been started, it is directly returned with no
     * changes (similar to calling {@link #getBridge()}).
     * 
     * @return a connected bridge.
     */
    public static AndroidDebugBridge createBridge() {
        synchronized (sLock) {
            if (sThis != null) {
                return sThis;
            }

            try {
                sThis = new AndroidDebugBridge();
                sThis.start();
            } catch (InvalidParameterException e) {
                sThis = null;
            }

            // because the listeners could remove themselves from the list while
            // processing
            // their event callback, we make a copy of the list and iterate on
            // it instead of
            // the main list.
            // This mostly happens when the application quits.
            IDebugBridgeChangeListener[] listenersCopy = sBridgeListeners
                    .toArray(new IDebugBridgeChangeListener[sBridgeListeners
                            .size()]);

            // notify the listeners of the change
            for (IDebugBridgeChangeListener listener : listenersCopy) {
                // we attempt to catch any exception so that a bad listener
                // doesn't kill our
                // thread
                try {
                    listener.bridgeChanged(sThis);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    Log.e(DDMS, e);
                }
            }

            return sThis;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new debug bridge from the location of the command line tool.
     * <p/>
     * Any existing server will be disconnected, unless the location is the same
     * and <code>forceNewBridge</code> is set to false.
     * 
     * @param osLocation
     *            the location of the command line tool 'adb'
     * @param forceNewBridge
     *            force creation of a new bridge even if one with the same
     *            location already exists.
     * @return a connected bridge.
     */
    public static AndroidDebugBridge createBridge(String osLocation,
            boolean forceNewBridge) {
        synchronized (sLock) {
            if (sThis != null) {
                if (sThis.mAdbOsLocation != null
                        && sThis.mAdbOsLocation.equals(osLocation)
                        && forceNewBridge == false) {
                    return sThis;
                } else {
                    // stop the current server
                    sThis.stop();
                }
            }

            try {
                sThis = new AndroidDebugBridge(osLocation);
                sThis.start();
            } catch (InvalidParameterException e) {
                sThis = null;
            }

            // because the listeners could remove themselves from the list while
            // processing
            // their event callback, we make a copy of the list and iterate on
            // it instead of
            // the main list.
            // This mostly happens when the application quits.
            IDebugBridgeChangeListener[] listenersCopy = sBridgeListeners
                    .toArray(new IDebugBridgeChangeListener[sBridgeListeners
                            .size()]);

            // notify the listeners of the change
            for (IDebugBridgeChangeListener listener : listenersCopy) {
                // we attempt to catch any exception so that a bad listener
                // doesn't kill our
                // thread
                try {
                    listener.bridgeChanged(sThis);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    Log.e(DDMS, e);
                }
            }

            return sThis;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current debug bridge. Can be <code>null</code> if none were
     * created.
     */
    public static AndroidDebugBridge getBridge() {
        return sThis;
    }

    /**
     * Disconnects the current debug bridge, and destroy the object.
     * <p/>
     * This also stops the current adb host server.
     * <p/>
     * A new object will have to be created with
     * {@link #createBridge(String, boolean)}.
     */
    public static void disconnectBridge() {
        synchronized (sLock) {
            if (sThis != null) {
                sThis.stop();
                sThis = null;

                // because the listeners could remove themselves from the list
                // while processing
                // their event callback, we make a copy of the list and iterate
                // on it instead of
                // the main list.
                // This mostly happens when the application quits.
                IDebugBridgeChangeListener[] listenersCopy = sBridgeListeners
                        .toArray(new IDebugBridgeChangeListener[sBridgeListeners
                                .size()]);

                // notify the listeners.
                for (IDebugBridgeChangeListener listener : listenersCopy) {
                    // we attempt to catch any exception so that a bad listener
                    // doesn't kill our
                    // thread
                    try {
                        listener.bridgeChanged(sThis);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        Log.e(DDMS, e);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Adds the listener to the collection of listeners who will be notified
     * when a new {@link AndroidDebugBridge} is connected, by sending it one of
     * the messages defined in the {@link IDebugBridgeChangeListener} interface.
     * 
     * @param listener
     *            The listener which should be notified.
     */
    public static void addDebugBridgeChangeListener(
            IDebugBridgeChangeListener listener) {
        synchronized (sLock) {
            if (sBridgeListeners.contains(listener) == false) {
                sBridgeListeners.add(listener);
                if (sThis != null) {
                    // we attempt to catch any exception so that a bad listener
                    // doesn't kill our
                    // thread
                    try {
                        listener.bridgeChanged(sThis);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        Log.e(DDMS, e);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes the listener from the collection of listeners who will be
     * notified when a new {@link AndroidDebugBridge} is started.
     * 
     * @param listener
     *            The listener which should no longer be notified.
     */
    public static void removeDebugBridgeChangeListener(
            IDebugBridgeChangeListener listener) {
        synchronized (sLock) {
            sBridgeListeners.remove(listener);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Adds the listener to the collection of listeners who will be notified
     * when a {@link IDevice} is connected, disconnected, or when its properties
     * or its {@link Client} list changed, by sending it one of the messages
     * defined in the {@link IDeviceChangeListener} interface.
     * 
     * @param listener
     *            The listener which should be notified.
     */
    public static void addDeviceChangeListener(IDeviceChangeListener listener) {
        synchronized (sLock) {
            if (sDeviceListeners.contains(listener) == false) {
                sDeviceListeners.add(listener);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes the listener from the collection of listeners who will be
     * notified when a {@link IDevice} is connected, disconnected, or when its
     * properties or its {@link Client} list changed.
     * 
     * @param listener
     *            The listener which should no longer be notified.
     */
    public static void removeDeviceChangeListener(IDeviceChangeListener listener) {
        synchronized (sLock) {
            sDeviceListeners.remove(listener);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Adds the listener to the collection of listeners who will be notified
     * when a {@link Client} property changed, by sending it one of the messages
     * defined in the {@link IClientChangeListener} interface.
     * 
     * @param listener
     *            The listener which should be notified.
     */
    public static void addClientChangeListener(IClientChangeListener listener) {
        synchronized (sLock) {
            if (sClientListeners.contains(listener) == false) {
                sClientListeners.add(listener);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes the listener from the collection of listeners who will be
     * notified when a {@link Client} property changed.
     * 
     * @param listener
     *            The listener which should no longer be notified.
     */
    public static void removeClientChangeListener(IClientChangeListener listener) {
        synchronized (sLock) {
            sClientListeners.remove(listener);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the devices.
     * 
     * @see #hasInitialDeviceList()
     */
    public IDevice[] getDevices() {
        synchronized (sLock) {
            if (mDeviceMonitor != null) {
                return mDeviceMonitor.getDevices();
            }
        }

        return new IDevice[0];
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether the bridge has acquired the initial list from adb after
     * being created.
     * <p/>
     * Calling {@link #getDevices()} right after
     * {@link #createBridge(String, boolean)} will generally result in an empty
     * list. This is due to the internal asynchronous communication mechanism
     * with <code>adb</code> that does not guarantee that the {@link IDevice}
     * list has been built before the call to {@link #getDevices()}.
     * <p/>
     * The recommended way to get the list of {@link IDevice} objects is to
     * create a {@link IDeviceChangeListener} object.
     */
    public boolean hasInitialDeviceList() {
        if (mDeviceMonitor != null) {
            return mDeviceMonitor.hasInitialDeviceList();
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the client to accept debugger connection on the custom
     * "Selected debug port".
     * 
     * @param selectedClient
     *            the client. Can be null.
     */
    public void setSelectedClient(Client selectedClient) {
        MonitorThread monitorThread = MonitorThread.getInstance();
        if (monitorThread != null) {
            monitorThread.setSelectedClient(selectedClient);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether the {@link AndroidDebugBridge} object is still connected
     * to the adb daemon.
     */
    public boolean isConnected() {
        MonitorThread monitorThread = MonitorThread.getInstance();
        if (mDeviceMonitor != null && monitorThread != null) {
            return mDeviceMonitor.isMonitoring()
                    && monitorThread.getState() != State.TERMINATED;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of times the {@link AndroidDebugBridge} object
     * attempted to connect to the adb daemon.
     */
    public int getConnectionAttemptCount() {
        if (mDeviceMonitor != null) {
            return mDeviceMonitor.getConnectionAttemptCount();
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of times the {@link AndroidDebugBridge} object
     * attempted to restart the adb daemon.
     */
    public int getRestartAttemptCount() {
        if (mDeviceMonitor != null) {
            return mDeviceMonitor.getRestartAttemptCount();
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new bridge.
     * 
     * @param osLocation
     *            the location of the command line tool
     * @throws InvalidParameterException
     */
    private AndroidDebugBridge(String osLocation)
            throws InvalidParameterException {
        if (osLocation == null || osLocation.length() == 0) {
            throw new InvalidParameterException();
        }
        mAdbOsLocation = osLocation;

        checkAdbVersion();
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new bridge not linked to any particular adb executable.
     */
    private AndroidDebugBridge() {
    }

    /**
     * Queries adb for its version number and checks it against
     * {@link #MIN_VERSION_NUMBER} and {@link #MAX_VERSION_NUMBER}
     */
    private void checkAdbVersion() {
        // default is bad check
        mVersionCheck = false;

        if (mAdbOsLocation == null) {
            return;
        }

        try {
            String[] command = new String[2];
            command[0] = mAdbOsLocation;
            command[1] = "version"; //$NON-NLS-1$
            Log.d(DDMS,
                    String.format("Checking '%1$s version'", mAdbOsLocation)); //$NON-NLS-1$
            Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);

            ArrayList<String> errorOutput = new ArrayList<String>();
            ArrayList<String> stdOutput = new ArrayList<String>();
            int status = grabProcessOutput(process, errorOutput, stdOutput,
                    true /* waitForReaders */);

            if (status != 0) {
                StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(
                        "'adb version' failed!"); //$NON-NLS-1$
                for (String error : errorOutput) {
                    builder.append('
');
                    builder.append(error);
                }
                Log.logAndDisplay(LogLevel.ERROR, "adb", builder.toString());
            }

            // check both stdout and stderr
            boolean versionFound = false;
            for (String line : stdOutput) {
                versionFound = scanVersionLine(line);
                if (versionFound) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!versionFound) {
                for (String line : errorOutput) {
                    versionFound = scanVersionLine(line);
                    if (versionFound) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }

            if (!versionFound) {
                // if we get here, we failed to parse the output.
                Log.logAndDisplay(LogLevel.ERROR, ADB,
                        "Failed to parse the output of 'adb version'"); //$NON-NLS-1$
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            Log.logAndDisplay(LogLevel.ERROR, ADB,
                    "Failed to get the adb version: " + e.getMessage()); //$NON-NLS-1$
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        } finally {

        }
    }

    /**
     * Scans a line resulting from 'adb version' for a potential version number.
     * <p/>
     * If a version number is found, it checks the version number against what
     * is expected by this version of ddms.
     * <p/>
     * Returns true when a version number has been found so that we can stop
     * scanning, whether the version number is in the acceptable range or not.
     * 
     * @param line
     *            The line to scan.
     * @return True if a version number was found (whether it is acceptable or
     *         not).
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("all")
    // With Eclipse 3.6, replace by @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    private boolean scanVersionLine(String line) {
        if (line != null) {
            Matcher matcher = sAdbVersion.matcher(line);
            if (matcher.matches()) {
                int majorVersion = Integer.parseInt(matcher.group(1));
                int minorVersion = Integer.parseInt(matcher.group(2));
                int microVersion = Integer.parseInt(matcher.group(3));

                // check only the micro version for now.
                if (microVersion < ADB_VERSION_MICRO_MIN) {
                    String message = String.format(
                            "Required minimum version of adb: %1$d.%2$d.%3$d." //$NON-NLS-1$
                                    + "Current version is %1$d.%2$d.%4$d", //$NON-NLS-1$
                            majorVersion, minorVersion, ADB_VERSION_MICRO_MIN,
                            microVersion);
                    Log.logAndDisplay(LogLevel.ERROR, ADB, message);
                } else if (ADB_VERSION_MICRO_MAX != -1
                        && microVersion > ADB_VERSION_MICRO_MAX) {
                    String message = String.format(
                            "Required maximum version of adb: %1$d.%2$d.%3$d." //$NON-NLS-1$
                                    + "Current version is %1$d.%2$d.%4$d", //$NON-NLS-1$
                            majorVersion, minorVersion, ADB_VERSION_MICRO_MAX,
                            microVersion);
                    Log.logAndDisplay(LogLevel.ERROR, ADB, message);
                } else {
                    mVersionCheck = true;
                }

                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Starts the debug bridge.
     * 
     * @return true if success.
     */
    boolean start() {
        if (mAdbOsLocation != null
                && (mVersionCheck == false || startAdb() == false)) {
            return false;
        }

        mStarted = true;

        // now that the bridge is connected, we start the underlying services.
        mDeviceMonitor = new DeviceMonitor(this);
        mDeviceMonitor.start();

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Kills the debug bridge, and the adb host server.
     * 
     * @return true if success
     */
    boolean stop() {
        // if we haven't started we return false;
        if (mStarted == false) {
            return false;
        }

        // kill the monitoring services
        mDeviceMonitor.stop();
        mDeviceMonitor = null;

        if (stopAdb() == false) {
            return false;
        }

        mStarted = false;
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Restarts adb, but not the services around it.
     * 
     * @return true if success.
     */
    public boolean restart() {
        if (mAdbOsLocation == null) {
            Log.e(ADB,
                    "Cannot restart adb when AndroidDebugBridge is created without the location of adb."); //$NON-NLS-1$
            return false;
        }

        if (mVersionCheck == false) {
            Log.logAndDisplay(LogLevel.ERROR, ADB,
                    "Attempting to restart adb, but version check failed!"); //$NON-NLS-1$
            return false;
        }
        synchronized (this) {
            stopAdb();

            boolean restart = startAdb();

            if (restart && mDeviceMonitor == null) {
                mDeviceMonitor = new DeviceMonitor(this);
                mDeviceMonitor.start();
            }

            return restart;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Notify the listener of a new {@link IDevice}.
     * <p/>
     * The notification of the listeners is done in a synchronized block. It is
     * important to expect the listeners to potentially access various methods
     * of {@link IDevice} as well as {@link #getDevices()} which use internal
     * locks.
     * <p/>
     * For this reason, any call to this method from a method of
     * {@link DeviceMonitor}, {@link IDevice} which is also inside a
     * synchronized block, should first synchronize on the
     * {@link AndroidDebugBridge} lock. Access to this lock is done through
     * {@link #getLock()}.
     * 
     * @param device
     *            the new <code>IDevice</code>.
     * @see #getLock()
     */
    void deviceConnected(IDevice device) {
        // because the listeners could remove themselves from the list while
        // processing
        // their event callback, we make a copy of the list and iterate on it
        // instead of
        // the main list.
        // This mostly happens when the application quits.
        IDeviceChangeListener[] listenersCopy = null;
        synchronized (sLock) {
            listenersCopy = sDeviceListeners
                    .toArray(new IDeviceChangeListener[sDeviceListeners.size()]);
        }

        // Notify the listeners
        for (IDeviceChangeListener listener : listenersCopy) {
            // we attempt to catch any exception so that a bad listener doesn't
            // kill our
            // thread
            try {
                listener.deviceConnected(device);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Log.e(DDMS, e);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Notify the listener of a disconnected {@link IDevice}.
     * <p/>
     * The notification of the listeners is done in a synchronized block. It is
     * important to expect the listeners to potentially access various methods
     * of {@link IDevice} as well as {@link #getDevices()} which use internal
     * locks.
     * <p/>
     * For this reason, any call to this method from a method of
     * {@link DeviceMonitor}, {@link IDevice} which is also inside a
     * synchronized block, should first synchronize on the
     * {@link AndroidDebugBridge} lock. Access to this lock is done through
     * {@link #getLock()}.
     * 
     * @param device
     *            the disconnected <code>IDevice</code>.
     * @see #getLock()
     */
    void deviceDisconnected(IDevice device) {
        // because the listeners could remove themselves from the list while
        // processing
        // their event callback, we make a copy of the list and iterate on it
        // instead of
        // the main list.
        // This mostly happens when the application quits.
        IDeviceChangeListener[] listenersCopy = null;
        synchronized (sLock) {
            listenersCopy = sDeviceListeners
                    .toArray(new IDeviceChangeListener[sDeviceListeners.size()]);
        }

        // Notify the listeners
        for (IDeviceChangeListener listener : listenersCopy) {
            // we attempt to catch any exception so that a bad listener doesn't
            // kill our
            // thread
            try {
                listener.deviceDisconnected(device);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Log.e(DDMS, e);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Notify the listener of a modified {@link IDevice}.
     * <p/>
     * The notification of the listeners is done in a synchronized block. It is
     * important to expect the listeners to potentially access various methods
     * of {@link IDevice} as well as {@link #getDevices()} which use internal
     * locks.
     * <p/>
     * For this reason, any call to this method from a method of
     * {@link DeviceMonitor}, {@link IDevice} which is also inside a
     * synchronized block, should first synchronize on the
     * {@link AndroidDebugBridge} lock. Access to this lock is done through
     * {@link #getLock()}.
     * 
     * @param device
     *            the modified <code>IDevice</code>.
     * @see #getLock()
     */
    void deviceChanged(IDevice device, int changeMask) {
        // because the listeners could remove themselves from the list while
        // processing
        // their event callback, we make a copy of the list and iterate on it
        // instead of
        // the main list.
        // This mostly happens when the application quits.
        IDeviceChangeListener[] listenersCopy = null;
        synchronized (sLock) {
            listenersCopy = sDeviceListeners
                    .toArray(new IDeviceChangeListener[sDeviceListeners.size()]);
        }

        // Notify the listeners
        for (IDeviceChangeListener listener : listenersCopy) {
            // we attempt to catch any exception so that a bad listener doesn't
            // kill our
            // thread
            try {
                listener.deviceChanged(device, changeMask);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Log.e(DDMS, e);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Notify the listener of a modified {@link Client}.
     * <p/>
     * The notification of the listeners is done in a synchronized block. It is
     * important to expect the listeners to potentially access various methods
     * of {@link IDevice} as well as {@link #getDevices()} which use internal
     * locks.
     * <p/>
     * For this reason, any call to this method from a method of
     * {@link DeviceMonitor}, {@link IDevice} which is also inside a
     * synchronized block, should first synchronize on the
     * {@link AndroidDebugBridge} lock. Access to this lock is done through
     * {@link #getLock()}.
     * 
     * @param device
     *            the modified <code>Client</code>.
     * @param changeMask
     *            the mask indicating what changed in the <code>Client</code>
     * @see #getLock()
     */
    void clientChanged(Client client, int changeMask) {
        // because the listeners could remove themselves from the list while
        // processing
        // their event callback, we make a copy of the list and iterate on it
        // instead of
        // the main list.
        // This mostly happens when the application quits.
        IClientChangeListener[] listenersCopy = null;
        synchronized (sLock) {
            listenersCopy = sClientListeners
                    .toArray(new IClientChangeListener[sClientListeners.size()]);

        }

        // Notify the listeners
        for (IClientChangeListener listener : listenersCopy) {
            // we attempt to catch any exception so that a bad listener doesn't
            // kill our
            // thread
            try {
                listener.clientChanged(client, changeMask);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Log.e(DDMS, e);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the {@link DeviceMonitor} object.
     */
    DeviceMonitor getDeviceMonitor() {
        return mDeviceMonitor;
    }

    /**
     * Starts the adb host side server.
     * 
     * @return true if success
     */
    synchronized boolean startAdb() {
        if (mAdbOsLocation == null) {
            Log.e(ADB,
                    "Cannot start adb when AndroidDebugBridge is created without the location of adb."); //$NON-NLS-1$
            return false;
        }

        Process proc;
        int status = -1;

        try {
            String[] command = new String[2];
            command[0] = mAdbOsLocation;
            command[1] = "start-server"; //$NON-NLS-1$
            Log.d(DDMS, String.format(
                    "Launching '%1$s %2$s' to ensure ADB is running.", //$NON-NLS-1$
                    mAdbOsLocation, command[1]));
            ProcessBuilder processBuilder = new ProcessBuilder(command);
            if (DdmPreferences.getUseAdbHost()) {
                String adbHostValue = DdmPreferences.getAdbHostValue();
                if (adbHostValue != null && adbHostValue.length() > 0) {
                    // TODO : check that the String is a valid IP address
                    Map<String, String> env = processBuilder.environment();
                    env.put("ADBHOST", adbHostValue);
                }
            }
            proc = processBuilder.start();

            ArrayList<String> errorOutput = new ArrayList<String>();
            ArrayList<String> stdOutput = new ArrayList<String>();
            status = grabProcessOutput(proc, errorOutput, stdOutput, false /* waitForReaders */);

        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            Log.d(DDMS, "Unable to run 'adb': " + ioe.getMessage()); //$NON-NLS-1$
            // we'll return false;
        } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
            Log.d(DDMS, "Unable to run 'adb': " + ie.getMessage()); //$NON-NLS-1$
            // we'll return false;
        }

        if (status != 0) {
            Log.w(DDMS,
                    "'adb start-server' failed -- run manually if necessary"); //$NON-NLS-1$
            return false;
        }

        Log.d(DDMS, "'adb start-server' succeeded"); //$NON-NLS-1$

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Stops the adb host side server.
     * 
     * @return true if success
     */
    private synchronized boolean stopAdb() {
        if (mAdbOsLocation == null) {
            Log.e(ADB,
                    "Cannot stop adb when AndroidDebugBridge is created without the location of adb."); //$NON-NLS-1$
            return false;
        }

        Process proc;
        int status = -1;

        try {
            String[] command = new String[2];
            command[0] = mAdbOsLocation;
            command[1] = "kill-server"; //$NON-NLS-1$
            proc = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);
            status = proc.waitFor();
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            // we'll return false;
        } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
            // we'll return false;
        }

        if (status != 0) {
            Log.w(DDMS, "'adb kill-server' failed -- run manually if necessary"); //$NON-NLS-1$
            return false;
        }

        Log.d(DDMS, "'adb kill-server' succeeded"); //$NON-NLS-1$
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Get the stderr/stdout outputs of a process and return when the process is
     * done. Both <b>must</b> be read or the process will block on windows.
     * 
     * @param process
     *            The process to get the ouput from
     * @param errorOutput
     *            The array to store the stderr output. cannot be null.
     * @param stdOutput
     *            The array to store the stdout output. cannot be null.
     * @param displayStdOut
     *            If true this will display stdout as well
     * @param waitforReaders
     *            if true, this will wait for the reader threads.
     * @return the process return code.
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    private int grabProcessOutput(final Process process,
            final ArrayList<String> errorOutput,
            final ArrayList<String> stdOutput, boolean waitforReaders)
            throws InterruptedException {
        assert errorOutput != null;
        assert stdOutput != null;
        // read the lines as they come. if null is returned, it's
        // because the process finished
        Thread t1 = new Thread("") { //$NON-NLS-1$
            @Override
            public void run() {
                // create a buffer to read the stderr output
                InputStreamReader is = new InputStreamReader(
                        process.getErrorStream());
                BufferedReader errReader = new BufferedReader(is);

                try {
                    while (true) {
                        String line = errReader.readLine();
                        if (line != null) {
                            Log.e(ADB, line);
                            errorOutput.add(line);
                        } else {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // do nothing.
                }
            }
        };

        Thread t2 = new Thread("") { //$NON-NLS-1$
            @Override
            public void run() {
                InputStreamReader is = new InputStreamReader(
                        process.getInputStream());
                BufferedReader outReader = new BufferedReader(is);

                try {
                    while (true) {
                        String line = outReader.readLine();
                        if (line != null) {
                            Log.d(ADB, line);
                            stdOutput.add(line);
                        } else {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // do nothing.
                }
            }
        };

        t1.start();
        t2.start();

        // it looks like on windows process#waitFor() can return
        // before the thread have filled the arrays, so we wait for both threads
        // and the
        // process itself.
        if (waitforReaders) {
            try {
                t1.join();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
            try {
                t2.join();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }

        // get the return code from the process
        return process.waitFor();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the singleton lock used by this class to protect any access to
     * the listener.
     * <p/>
     * This includes adding/removing listeners, but also notifying listeners of
     * new bridges, devices, and clients.
     */
    static Object getLock() {
        return sLock;
    }

    /**
     * Instantiates sSocketAddr with the address of the host's adb process.
     */
    private static void initAdbSocketAddr() {
        try {
            int adb_port = determineAndValidateAdbPort();
            sHostAddr = InetAddress.getByName(ADB_HOST);
            sSocketAddr = new InetSocketAddress(sHostAddr, adb_port);
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            // localhost should always be known.
        }
    }

    /**
     * Determines port where ADB is expected by looking at an env variable.
     * <p/>
     * The value for the environment variable ANDROID_ADB_SERVER_PORT is
     * validated, IllegalArgumentException is thrown on illegal values.
     * <p/>
     * 
     * @return The port number where the host's adb should be expected or
     *         started.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if ANDROID_ADB_SERVER_PORT has a non-numeric value.
     */
    private static int determineAndValidateAdbPort() {
        String adb_env_var;
        int result = ADB_PORT;
        try {
            adb_env_var = System.getenv(SERVER_PORT_ENV_VAR);

            if (adb_env_var != null) {
                adb_env_var = adb_env_var.trim();
            }

            if (adb_env_var != null && adb_env_var.length() > 0) {
                // C tools (adb, emulator) accept hex and octal port numbers, so
                // need to accept
                // them too.
                result = Integer.decode(adb_env_var);

                if (result <= 0) {
                    String errMsg = "env var " + SERVER_PORT_ENV_VAR //$NON-NLS-1$
                            + ": must be >=0, got " //$NON-NLS-1$
                            + System.getenv(SERVER_PORT_ENV_VAR);
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(errMsg);
                }
            }
        } catch (NumberFormatException nfEx) {
            String errMsg = "env var " + SERVER_PORT_ENV_VAR //$NON-NLS-1$
                    + ": illegal value '" //$NON-NLS-1$
                    + System.getenv(SERVER_PORT_ENV_VAR) + "'"; //$NON-NLS-1$
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(errMsg);
        } catch (SecurityException secEx) {
            // A security manager has been installed that doesn't allow access
            // to env vars.
            // So an environment variable might have been set, but we can't
            // tell.
            // Let's log a warning and continue with ADB's default port.
            // The issue is that adb would be started (by the forked process
            // having access
            // to the env vars) on the desired port, but within this process, we
            // can't figure out
            // what that port is. However, a security manager not granting
            // access to env vars
            // but allowing to fork is a rare and interesting configuration, so
            // the right
            // thing seems to be to continue using the default port, as forking
            // is likely to
            // fail later on in the scenario of the security manager.
            Log.w(DDMS,
                    "No access to env variables allowed by current security manager. " //$NON-NLS-1$
                            + "If you've set ANDROID_ADB_SERVER_PORT: it's being ignored."); //$NON-NLS-1$
        }
        return result;
    }

}

在以上源码中，还有一个connect方法和disconnect方法，可以通过复写这两个方法，将adb当前的连接情况打印出来脚本信息

4、ADB在自动化工具和框架中的作用

可以使用adb的方法，通过打印脚本信息来判断设备连接情况，这是最初级且最基础的技术

备注：

BAT测试笔试面试题目：

腾讯笔试题目：

1、如何测试分布式ATM机？     这个针对一些大系统的题目，集群部署

2、使用一个数组实现三个堆栈，要求有效的使用数组的存储空间，可以使用其他数据结构

涉及到一个测试人员对整个系统的了解，包括前段的负载均衡到主备应用等

3、编写一个脚本，统计log文件中首个单词出现的次数：error：xxxx

阿里2面的部分面试题目

1、Robotium源码架构实现

2、Robotium的工具怎么根据id找到脚本id（脚本id和架构映射原理）

3、Monkeyrunner和UIAutomator的原理

4、你们怎么做电量测试（如何做到app进程级别，而不是整机？比如发一个intent请求之类的？）

5、影响手机电量的因素列举一下

6、稳定性和压力怎么做？

7、Robotium WebView怎么实现？

8、怎么让系统不休眠：1、通过PowerManager来精细控制，具体函数请指出    2、在View中设置FLAG_KEEP_SCREE_ON

百度1面题目

1、测试客户端 日文输入法，如果不认识日文，怎么用自动化解决？

2、不用变量交换两个数

3、脚本 怎么用并行和串行调bat批处理

4、怎么解决控件和点触屏自动化（要规划自动化方案）

5、用户安装了百度客户端，怎么实现自动化

6、自动化要验证功能准确性、性能还有UI界面，一个自动化验证多个？还是一个自动化脚本只验证一条用例？

7、怎么实现监控内存   在eclipse显示 DSS是什么意思

8、ANS出现怎么解决？

9、进程和线程 handle和runnable  以及广播和服务

10、Robotium和Monkeyrunner的区别

11、Radiobox和Checkbox自动化脚本怎么复用？ （考的是正交法）

12、GC原理

13、android性能自动化怎么做

14、电量对比测试

15、android安全自动化怎么做

16、有个客户装了百度客户端，怎么规划灰度测试版本自动化

17、UI线程阻塞，怎么复现查log 

网易云课堂：

上：http://study.163.com/course/courseLearn.htm?courseId=712011#/learn/video?lessonId=877113&courseId=712011

下：http://study.163.com/course/courseLearn.htm?courseId=712011#/learn/video?lessonId=877114&courseId=712011

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