前言
电脑经常会出现一些网络小毛病。有的时候，QQ能正常上网，但是网页却打不开。这种时候十有八九是DNS出问题了。
QQ在DNS不可用的时候，可以跳过DNS解析，直接访问对方IP
实验环境
rhel-server-6.4-x86_64-dvd(ED2000.COM).iso最小化安装
常用公网DNS服务器
8.8.8.8
222.222.222.222
202.99.168.8
202.99.160.68
配置DNS服务器
设置本地yum源
安装bind
域名系统 (Domain Name System, DNS)一种因特网的通讯协议名称，提供这种服务的软件有很多，比如（Berkeley Internet Name Domain, BIND）。
[root@ziqiang ~]# yum list | grep bind PackageKit-device-rebind.x86_64 0.5.8-21.el6 vcd bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 vcd bind-chroot.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 vcd bind-dyndb-ldap.x86_64 2.3-2.el6 vcd bind-libs.i686 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 vcd bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 vcd bind-utils.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 vcd rpcbind.x86_64 0.2.0-11.el6 vcd samba-winbind.x86_64 3.6.9-151.el6 vcd samba-winbind-clients.i686 3.6.9-151.el6 vcd samba-winbind-clients.x86_64 3.6.9-151.el6 vcd samba4-winbind.x86_64 4.0.0-55.el6.rc4 vcd samba4-winbind-clients.x86_64 4.0.0-55.el6.rc4 vcd samba4-winbind-krb5-locator.x86_64 4.0.0-55.el6.rc4 vcd ypbind.x86_64 3:1.20.4-30.el6 vcd [root@ziqiang ~]# yum -y install bind Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: bind-libs = 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 for package: 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: liblwres.so.80()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libisccfg.so.82()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libisccc.so.80()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libisc.so.83()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libdns.so.81()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libbind9.so.80()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =================================================================================================================================== Installing: bind x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 vcd 4.0 M Installing for dependencies: bind-libs x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 vcd 871 k Transaction Summary =================================================================================================================================== Install 2 Package(s) Total download size: 4.8 M Installed size: 9.4 M Downloading Packages: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 69 MB/s | 4.8 MB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : 32:bind-libs-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 1/2 Installing : 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : 32:bind-libs-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 2/2 Installed: bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 Dependency Installed: bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 Complete!
查看安装完毕后的DNS服务
[root@ziqiang ~]# chkconfig auditd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off crond 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off dhcpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off dhcpd6 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off dhcrelay 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off ip6tables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off iptables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off named 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off netconsole 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off netfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off portreserve 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off postfix 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rdisc 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off restorecond 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off rhnsd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rhsmcertd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rsyslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off saslauthd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off sshd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off udev-post 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
刚刚安装的服务叫named，显示是关闭状态，接下来开启该服务
[root@ziqiang ~]# chkconfig named on [root@ziqiang ~]# chkconfig auditd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off crond 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off dhcpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off dhcpd6 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off dhcrelay 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off ip6tables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off iptables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off named 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off netconsole 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off netfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off portreserve 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off postfix 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rdisc 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off restorecond 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off rhnsd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rhsmcertd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rsyslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off saslauthd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off sshd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off udev-post 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off [root@ziqiang ~]# runlevel N 3
查看配置文件
bind安装完毕后所有配置文件（包含可执行文件）
[root@ziqiang ~]# rpm -lq bind /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/13-named /etc/logrotate.d/named /etc/named /etc/named.conf /etc/named.iscdlv.key /etc/named.rfc1912.zones /etc/named.root.key /etc/portreserve/named /etc/rc.d/init.d/named /etc/rndc.conf /etc/rndc.key /etc/sysconfig/named /usr/lib64/bind /usr/sbin/arpaname /usr/sbin/ddns-confgen /usr/sbin/dnssec-dsfromkey /usr/sbin/dnssec-keyfromlabel /usr/sbin/dnssec-keygen /usr/sbin/dnssec-revoke /usr/sbin/dnssec-settime /usr/sbin/dnssec-signzone /usr/sbin/genrandom /usr/sbin/isc-hmac-fixup /usr/sbin/lwresd /usr/sbin/named /usr/sbin/named-checkconf /usr/sbin/named-checkzone /usr/sbin/named-compilezone /usr/sbin/named-journalprint /usr/sbin/nsec3hash /usr/sbin/rndc /usr/sbin/rndc-confgen /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2 /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/CHANGES /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/COPYRIGHT /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/Copyright /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/README /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM-book.xml /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch01.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch02.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch03.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch04.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch05.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch06.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch07.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch08.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch09.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch10.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.pdf /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Makefile /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Makefile.in /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/README-SGML /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/dnssec.xml /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/isc-logo.eps /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/isc-logo.pdf /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/latex-fixup.pl /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/libdns.xml /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.arpaname.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.ddns-confgen.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.dig.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.dnssec-dsfromkey.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.dnssec-keyfromlabel.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.dnssec-keygen.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.dnssec-revoke.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.dnssec-settime.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.dnssec-signzone.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.genrandom.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.host.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.isc-hmac-fixup.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.named-checkconf.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.named-checkzone.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.named-journalprint.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.named.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.nsec3hash.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.nsupdate.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.rndc-confgen.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.rndc.conf.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.rndc.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/managed-keys.xml /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/pkcs11.xml /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-faltstrom-uri-06.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-6man-text-addr-representation-07.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-behave-address-format-07.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-behave-dns64-11.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-axfr-clarify-14.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-dns-tcp-requirements-03.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-bis-updates-12.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-registry-fixes-06.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-ecc-key-07.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-interop3597-02.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-rfc2671bis-edns0-05.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-rfc2672bis-dname-19.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-rfc3597-bis-02.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-tsig-md5-deprecated-03.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsop-bad-dns-res-05.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsop-dnssec-key-timing-02.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsop-dnssec-trust-history-01.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsop-inaddr-required-07.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsop-name-server-management-reqs-02.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsop-respsize-06.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-kato-dnsop-local-zones-00.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-kerr-ixfr-only-01.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-mekking-dnsop-auto-cpsync-00.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-yao-dnsext-bname-04.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/update /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/Makefile /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/Makefile.in /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/dnssec /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/format-options.pl /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/ipv6 /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/migration /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/migration-4to9 /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/options /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/rfc-compliance /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/roadmap /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/sdb /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/sort-options.pl /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/named.conf.default /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/index.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1032.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1033.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1034.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1035.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1101.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1122.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1123.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1183.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1348.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1535.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1536.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1537.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1591.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1611.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1612.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1706.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1712.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1750.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1876.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1886.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1912.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1982.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1995.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1996.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2052.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2104.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2119.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2133.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2136.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2137.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2163.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2168.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2181.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2230.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2308.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2317.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2373.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2374.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2375.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2418.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2535.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2536.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2537.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2538.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2539.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2540.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2541.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2553.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2671.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2672.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2673.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2782.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2825.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2826.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2845.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2874.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2915.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2929.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2930.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc2931.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3007.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3008.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3071.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3090.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3110.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3123.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3152.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3197.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3225.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3226.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3258.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3363.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3364.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3425.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3445.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3467.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3490.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3491.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3492.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3493.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3513.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3596.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3597.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3645.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3655.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3658.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3755.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3757.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3833.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3845.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc3901.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4025.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4033.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4034.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4035.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4074.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4159.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4193.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4255.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4294.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4339.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4343.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4367.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4398.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4408.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4431.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4470.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4471.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4472.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4509.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4634.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4635.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4641.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4648.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4697.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4701.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4892.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4955.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc4956.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc5001.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc5011.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc5155.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc5205.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc5452.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc5507.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc5625.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc5702.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc5933.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc6303.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc952.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc1912.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/etc /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/etc/named.conf /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/etc/named.rfc1912.zones /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named/data /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named/my.external.zone.db /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named/my.internal.zone.db /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named/named.ca /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named/named.empty /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named/named.localhost /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named/named.loopback /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named/slaves /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named/slaves/my.ddns.internal.zone.db /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named/slaves/my.slave.internal.zone.db /usr/share/man/man1/arpaname.1.gz /usr/share/man/man5/named.conf.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/rndc.conf.5.gz /usr/share/man/man8/ddns-confgen.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/dnssec-dsfromkey.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/dnssec-keyfromlabel.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/dnssec-keygen.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/dnssec-revoke.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/dnssec-settime.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/dnssec-signzone.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/genrandom.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/isc-hmac-fixup.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/lwresd.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/named-checkconf.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/named-checkzone.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/named-compilezone.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/named-journalprint.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/named.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/nsec3hash.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/rndc-confgen.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/rndc.8.gz /var/log/named.log /var/named /var/named/data /var/named/dynamic /var/named/named.ca /var/named/named.empty /var/named/named.localhost /var/named/named.loopback /var/named/slaves /var/run/named
/etc/named.conf主配置文件设置DNS服务器的属性
/etc/named.rfc1912.zones区域定义
/var/named/区域文件所在的目录
查看Internet上根DNS服务器
[root@ziqiang data]# cat /var/named/named.ca ; <<>> DiG 9.5.0b2 <<>> +bufsize=1200 +norec NS . @a.root-servers.net ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 34420 ;; flags: qr aa; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 13, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 20 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: . 518400 IN NS M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 IN NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 IN NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 IN NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 IN NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 IN NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 IN NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 IN NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 IN NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 IN NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 IN NS J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 IN NS K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 IN NS L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 198.41.0.4 A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:503:ba3e::2:30 B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 192.228.79.201 C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 192.33.4.12 D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 128.8.10.90 E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 192.203.230.10 F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 192.5.5.241 F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:500:2f::f G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 192.112.36.4 H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 128.63.2.53 H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:500:1::803f:235 I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 192.36.148.17 J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 192.58.128.30 J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:503:c27::2:30 K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 193.0.14.129 K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:7fd::1 L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 199.7.83.42 M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 202.12.27.33 M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:dc3::35 ;; Query time: 147 msec ;; SERVER: 198.41.0.4#53(198.41.0.4) ;; WHEN: Mon Feb 18 13:29:18 2008 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 615
修改主配置文件
named.conf原始配置文件内容如下
[root@ziqiang named]# cat /etc/named.conf // // named.conf // // Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS // server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only). // // See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files. // options { listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; }; listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; directory "/var/named"; dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt"; allow-query { localhost; }; recursion yes; dnssec-enable yes; dnssec-validation yes; dnssec-lookaside auto; /* Path to ISC DLV key */ bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key"; managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic"; }; logging { channel default_debug { file "data/named.run"; severity dynamic; }; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.ca"; }; include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones"; include "/etc/named.root.key";
修改后named.conf原始配置文件内容如下
[root@ziqiang named]# cat /etc/named.conf // // named.conf // // Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS // server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only). // // See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files. // options { listen-on port 53 { any; }; listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; directory "/var/named"; dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt"; allow-query { 192.168.80.0/24;192.168.90.0/24;}; recursion yes; dnssec-enable no; dnssec-validation no; dnssec-lookaside no; /* Path to ISC DLV key */ bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key"; managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic"; }; logging { channel default_debug { file "data/named.run"; severity dynamic; }; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.ca"; }; include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones"; include "/etc/named.root.key";
关键字段解析
listen-on port 53 { any; };
假如DNS服务器有多块网卡，每个网卡有不同IP，我们可以只填一个IP，这样就只有一块网卡在53号端口监听DNS请求。也可以填多个IP，这样就有多块网卡在53号端口监听DNS请求。如果填any，是所有网卡都监听53号端口的DNS请求
allow-query { 192.168.80.0/24;192.168.90.0/24 };
允许哪些网段计算机向我发起域名解析。默认值是localhost，即只允许自己找自己解析。
recursion yes;
DNS服务器是否允许递归查询。所谓递归查询，其过程是：如果当前DNS无法解析该域名，则向Root DNS请求，根据Root DNS返回记录在向其他层级的DNS查询。
dnssec-enable no;
dnssec-validation no;
dnssec-lookaside no;
是否允许安全DNS查询，全部改成no。因为目前Internet上的DNS服务器不支持安全的DNS查询。
重启DNS服务
[root@ziqiang named]# service named restart Stopping named: [ OK ] Generating /etc/rndc.key: [ OK ] Starting named: [ OK ]
再重启过程中会生成远程配置管理DNS所需要的密钥/etc/rndc.key
重启完毕后，查询DNS进程
[root@ziqiang named]# ps -eeaf | grep named named 1439 1 0 18:47 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/named -u named root 1450 1357 0 18:49 pts/0 00:00:00 grep named
查看named服务侦听的53端口
[root@ziqiang named]# netstat -an | grep 53 tcp 0 0 192.168.40.120:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:953 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 ::1:53 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 ::1:953 :::* LISTEN udp 0 0 192.168.40.120:53 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 ::1:53 :::* unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11953
查看日志
[root@ziqiang named]# cat /var/named/data/named.run zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0 zone 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0 zone 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0 zone localhost.localdomain/IN: loaded serial 0 zone localhost/IN: loaded serial 0 managed-keys-zone ./IN: loaded serial 0 running managed-keys-zone ./IN: Initializing automatic trust anchor management for zone '.'; DNSKEY ID 20326 is now trusted, waiving the normal 30-day waiting period
配置DNS客户端
Windows
填写上面DNS服务器的IP
然后在命令行下ping www.baidu.com
如果不能ping通，关闭服务器端防火墙。service iptables stop
但实际场景中，防火墙不能轻易关闭。下面单独为TCP和UDP开放53端口
[root@ziqiang ~]# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT [root@ziqiang ~]# iptables -I INPUT -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT [root@ziqiang ~]# iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere udp dpt:domain ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:domain Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination
保存防火墙配置，防止重启后新配置的防火墙规则消失
[root@ziqiang ~]# /sbin/service iptables save
iptables: Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables:[ OK ]