MS SQL 日常维护管理常用脚本(二)

监控数据库运行

下面是整理、收集监控数据库运行的一些常用脚本，也是MS SQL 日常维护管理常用脚本(一)的续集，欢迎大家补充、提意见。

查看数据库登录名信息

Code Snippet

1. SELECT name                                AS LoginName ,
2.        dbname                              AS DefaultDB ,
3.        createdate                          AS CreateDate,
4.        updatedate                          AS UpdateDate,
5.        language                            AS Language  ,
6.        CASE WHEN isntname = 1 THEN 'NT USER'
7.            ELSE 'SQL USER'    END          AS UserType
8. FROM syslogins;

查看数据库用户信息

SELECT * FROM sysusers;

查看用户拥有的服务器角色

方法1： 用SSMS管理工具查看

方法2： 脚本查询

查看用户角色

1. SELECT name            ,
2.        CASE WHEN sysadmin     = 1       THEN 'yes'     ELSE '' END AS IsSysadmin        ,
3.        CASE WHEN dbcreator    = 1       THEN 'yes'     ELSE '' END AS IsDbCreate        ,
4.        CASE WHEN securityadmin= 1       THEN 'yes'     ELSE '' END AS IsSecurityadmin   ,
5.        CASE WHEN bulkadmin    = 1       THEN 'yes'     ELSE '' END AS IsBulkadmin       ,
6.        CASE WHEN diskadmin    = 1       THEN 'yes'     ELSE '' END AS IsDiskadmin       ,
7.        CASE WHEN processadmin = 1       THEN 'yes'     ELSE '' END AS IsProcessadmin    ,
8.        CASE WHEN serveradmin  = 1       THEN 'yes'     ELSE '' END AS IsServeradmin     ,
9.        CASE WHEN setupadmin   = 1       THEN 'yes'     ELSE '' END AS IsSetupadmin    
10. FROM syslogins
11. --WHERE NAME='loginname'

查看最大工作线程数

Code Snippet

1. SELECT  max_workers_count
2.   FROM  sys.dm_os_sys_info

查看当前用户进程的会话ID

SELECT @@SPID

查询当前会话使用哪种协议

Code Snippet

1. SELECT net_transport
2. FROM   sys.dm_exec_connections
3. WHERE session_id = @@SPID;

查看当前连接的会话信息

--进程号1--50是SQL Server系统内部用的

SELECT * FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions WHERE session_id >=51

--查看某台机器的连接会话信息

SELECT * FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions WHERE session_id >=51 AND host_name='PO130018801'

--查看某个登录名的连接会话信息

SELECT * FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions WHERE session_id >=51 AND login_name='username'

--查看活动的连接会话信息

SELECT * FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions WITH(NOWAIT) WHERE session_id >=51 AND status ='running'

--查找连接到服务器的用户并返回每个用户的会话数

SELECT  login_name ,

        COUNT(session_id) AS session_count

FROM    sys.dm_exec_sessions

GROUP BY login_name ;

 

 

查看正在执行的SQL语句

方法1： 选择数据库实例，单击右键，选择”活动监视器“，监控/查看正在执行的SQL

方法2： profile去跟踪，比较耗费资源。

方法3：

Code Snippet

1. SELECT[Spid] = session_Id ,
2.       ecid ,
3.       [Database] = DB_NAME(sp.dbid) ,
4.       [User] = nt_username ,
5.       [Status] = er.status ,
6.       [Wait] = wait_type ,
7.       [Individual Query] = SUBSTRING(qt.text, er.statement_start_offset / 2,
8.                                      ( CASE WHEN er.statement_end_offset = -1
9.                                             THEN LEN(CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), qt.text))
10.                                                  * 2
11.                                             ELSE er.statement_end_offset
12.                                        END - er.statement_start_offset ) / 2) ,
13.       [Parent Query] = qt.text ,
14.       Program = program_name ,
15.       Hostname ,
16.       nt_domain ,
17.       start_time
18.   FROMsys.dm_exec_requests er
19.       INNER JOIN sys.sysprocesses sp ON er.session_id = sp.spid
20.       CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(er.sql_handle) AS qt
21.  WHEREsession_Id >= 51

方法4：

Code Snippet

1. SELECT   m.session_id ,
2.          m.start_time ,
3.          m.command    ,
4.          m.wait_type  ,
5.          m.cpu_time   ,
6.         CAST(s.text AS VARCHAR(1000)) AS sqlText
7.  FROMmaster.sys.dm_exec_requests m WITH ( NOLOCK )
8.      CROSS APPLY fn_get_sql(m.sql_handle) s
9.  
10. SELECT  r.session_id,
11.         r.start_time      ,
12.         r.command         ,
13.         r.wait_type       ,
14.         r.cpu_time        ,
15.         s.text  
16.  FROMsys.dm_exec_requests r
17.      CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(r.sql_handle) s

--查看某个会话ID正在执行的SQL

Code Snippet

1. SELECT  m.session_id ,
2.         m.start_time ,
3.         m.command    ,
4.         m.wait_type  ,
5.         m.cpu_time   ,
6.       CAST(s.text AS VARCHAR(1000)) AS sqlText
7.   FROMmaster.sys.dm_exec_requests m WITH ( NOLOCK )
8.       CROSS APPLY fn_get_sql(m.sql_handle) s
9.  WHEREm.session_id = 342
10.  
11.     SELECT   r.session_id      ,
12.              r.start_time      ,
13.              r.command         ,
14.              r.wait_type       ,
15.              r.cpu_time        ,
16.              s.text  
17.   FROM sys.dm_exec_requests r
18.       CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(r.sql_handle) s
19. WHERE r.seesion_id =342

查看SQL SERVER进程执行的语句

Code Snippet

1. USE master
2.  
3. DECLARE @spid INT ;
4.  
5. DECLARE @sql_handle BINARY(20) ;
6.  
7. SET @spid = 56
8.  
9.   SELECT@sql_handle = sql_handle
10.     FROMsysprocesses AS A WITH ( NOLOCK )
11.    WHEREspid = @spid ;
12.  
13.   SELECTtext
14.     FROM::fn_get_sql(@sql_handle) ;

查找TOP N语句

按平均 CPU 时间返回排名前十个的查询的相关信息。此示例将根据查询的查询哈希对查询进行聚合，以便按照查询的累积资源消耗来分组在逻辑上等效的查询。
--注意：SQL 2005 某些版本，没有sys.dm_exec_query_stats系统动态视图没有query_hash视图。

Code Snippet

1. USE DBNAME;
2. GO
3. SELECT TOP 10 query_stats.query_hash             AS "Query Hash",
4.     SUM(query_stats.total_worker_time) /
5.     SUM(query_stats.execution_count)             AS "Avg CPU Time",
6.     MIN(query_stats.statement_text)              AS "Statement Text"
7. FROM
8.     (SELECT QS.*,
9.     SUBSTRING(ST.text,(QS.statement_start_offset/2) + 1,
10.     ((CASE statement_end_offset
11.         WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text)
12.         ELSE QS.statement_end_offset END
13.             - QS.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) AS statement_text
14.      FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS QS
15.      CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(QS.sql_handle) as ST) as query_stats
16. GROUP BY query_stats.query_hash
17. ORDER BY 2 DESC;
18. GO

查看会话阻塞/死锁信息

方法1：查看那个引起阻塞，查看blk不为0的记录，如果存在阻塞进程，则是该阻塞进程的会话 ID。否则该列为零。 

    EXEC sp_who active

方法2：查看那个引起阻塞，查看字段BlkBy，这个能够得到比sp_who更多的信息。

    EXEC sp_who2 active

方法3：sp_lock 系统存储过程，报告有关锁的信息，但是不方便定位问题

方法4：sp_who_lock存储过程

Code Snippet

1. USE master;
2. GO
3.  
4. SET ANSI_NULLS ON;
5. GO
6.  
7. SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON;
8. GO
9.  
10. IF EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects WHERE id=OBJECT_ID(N'sp_who_lock')
11.                                        AND OBJECTPROPERTY(id, 'IsProcedure') =1)
12.     DROP PROCEDURE sp_who_lock;
13. GO
14.  
15. --==================================================================================================
16. --            ProcedureName             :            sp_who_lock
17. --            Author                    :            作者不详,出自网络
18. --            CreateDate                :            2013-05-13
19. --            Description               :            查看阻塞和死锁信息
20. /**************************************************************************************************
21.         Parameters                    :              参数说明
22. ***************************************************************************************************
23.                                                      无参存储过程
    
24. ***************************************************************************************************
25.         Modified Date            Modified User     Version                 Modified Reason
26. ***************************************************************************************************
27.        2013-06-03                    Kerry        V01.00.01 调整存储过程格式,代码部分修改以及增加注释信息
28. ***************************************************************************************************/
29. --=================================================================================================
30.  
31.   CREATE PROCEDURE sp_who_lock
32.     AS
33. BEGIN
34.  
35. DECLARE @spid                            INT;
36. DECLARE @block                           INT;
37. DECLARE @RowCount                        INT;
38. DECLARE @RowIndex                        INT;
39.  
40. --创建临时表，保持被阻塞或正阻塞其他SQL的SQL语句信息
41. CREATE TABLE #tmp_lock_who
42. (
43.       id    INT IDENTITY(1, 1) ,
44.       spid    SMALLINT ,
45.       block SMALLINT
46. )
47.     
48.     
49. IF @@ERROR<>0 RETURN @@ERROR;
50.  
51. INSERT INTO #tmp_lock_who
52.         (
53.           spid ,
54.           block
55.         )
56.         SELECT  0 ,
57.                 blocked
58.         FROM    ( SELECT    *
59.                   FROM      sysprocesses
60.                   WHERE     blocked > 0
61.                 ) a
62.         WHERE   NOT EXISTS( SELECT *
63.                              FROM   ( SELECT    *
64.                                       FROM      sysprocesses
65.                                       WHERE     blocked > 0
66.                                     ) b
67.                              WHERE  a.blocked = spid )
68.         UNION
69.         SELECT  spid ,
70.                 blocked
71.         FROM    sysprocesses
72.         WHERE   blocked > 0;
73.         
74.         
75. IF @@ERROR<>0 RETURN @@ERROR;
76.  
77.  
78. -- 找到临时表的记录数
79.   SELECT@RowCount = COUNT(1) ,
80.         @RowIndex = 1
81.     FROM#tmp_lock_who
82.  
83.  
84. IF @@ERROR<>0 RETURN @@ERROR;
85.  
86.   IF@RowCount=0
87.   SELECT  N'现在没有阻塞和死锁信息' AS MESSAGE;
88.  
89.  
90. -- -- 循环开始
91. WHILE @RowIndex <= @RowCount
92. BEGIN
93.     -- 取第一条记录
94.     SELECT     @spid    = spid,
95.                @block   = block
96.     FROM #tmp_lock_who
97.     WHERE Id = @RowIndex
98.  
99.     IF @spid = 0
100.         SELECT N'引起数据库死锁的是: ' + CAST(@block AS VARCHAR(10))
101.             +  N'进程号,其执行的SQL语法如下';
102.     ELSE
103.         SELECT N'进程号SPID：' + CAST(@spid AS VARCHAR(10)) + N'被进程号SPID：'
104.             +  CAST(@block AS VARCHAR(10)) +'阻塞,其当前进程执行的SQL语法如下';
105.         
106.     DBCC INPUTBUFFER(@block )
107.  
108.  
109.     SET @RowIndex = @RowIndex + 1;
110.  
111. END;
112.  
113.     DROP TABLE #tmp_lock_who;
114.  
115.     RETURN 0;
116. END

方法5：右键服务器-选择“活动和监视器”，查看进程选项。注意“任务状态”字段。

方法6：右键服务名称-选择报表-标准报表-活动-所有正在阻塞的事务。

小结：总结之后，才发现居然有这么多方法，MGD，系统的整理、梳理知识点是非常有必要的，你能更全面、深入的了解。

查看内存状态

dbcc memorystatus

具体如何分析，请查看官方文档http://support.microsoft.com/kb/907877/zh-cn

查看脚本执行时间

方法1： 查看SSMS管理器，查询窗口右下角
方法2:

Code Snippet

1. DECLARE @exectime DATETIME
2.   SELECT@exectime = GETDATE()
3. --SQL 语句
4. PRINT N'SQL执行耗时:' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), DATEDIFF(ms, @exectime, GETDATE()))

方法3：

SET STATISTICS TIME ON

--SQL 语句

查看进程正在执行的SQL语句 

　　dbcc inputbuffer ()

查看那些表缺少索引 

下面语句功能强大，执行结果受统计信息的影响

Code Snippet

1. SELECT sys.objects.name table_name,
2.        mid.statement full_name,
3.     (migs.avg_total_user_cost * migs.avg_user_impact) *(migs.user_seeks + migs.user_scans) AS Impact,
4.     migs.avg_user_impact *(migs.user_seeks + migs.user_scans) Avg_Estimated_Impact,
5.     'CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX IDX_' + sys.objects.name + '_N ON '
6.         + sys.objects.name COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT
7.         + ' ( ' + IsNull(mid.equality_columns, '')
8.         + CASE WHEN mid.inequality_columns IS NULL
9.                 THEN ''
10.             ELSE
11.                 CASE WHEN mid.equality_columns IS NULL
12.                     THEN ''
13.                 ELSE ','
14.                 END + mid.inequality_columns
15.             END + ' ) '
16.         + CASE WHEN mid.included_columns IS NULL
17.                 THEN ''
18.             ELSE 'INCLUDE (' + mid.included_columns + ')' END
19.         + ';' AS CreateIndexStatement,
20.     mid.equality_columns,
21.     mid.inequality_columns,
22.     mid.included_columns
23. FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats AS migs
24.     INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_groups AS mig ON migs.group_handle = mig.index_group_handle
25.     INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_details AS mid ON mig.index_handle = mid.index_handle
26.         AND mid.database_id = DB_ID()
27.     INNER JOIN sys.objects WITH (nolock) ON mid.OBJECT_ID = sys.objects.OBJECT_ID
28. WHERE (migs.group_handle IN
29.         (
30.             SELECT TOP (500) group_handle
31.             FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats WITH (nolock)
32.             ORDER BY (avg_total_user_cost * avg_user_impact) *(user_seeks + user_scans) DESC))
33.     AND OBJECTPROPERTY(sys.objects.OBJECT_ID, 'isusertable')=1
34. --ORDER BY [Impact] DESC, [full_name] DESC
35. ORDER BY [table_name], [Impact] desc

查看应该被移除的索引

 

查看那些多余的、应该被移除的索引

SQL 1：

Code Snippet

1. SELECT OBJECTNAME = OBJECT_NAME(I.OBJECT_ID),
2.     INDEXNAME = I.NAME,
3.     I.INDEX_ID
4. FROM SYS.INDEXES I
5.     JOIN SYS.OBJECTS O ON I.OBJECT_ID = O.OBJECT_ID
6. WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(O.OBJECT_ID,'IsUserTable') = 1
7.     AND I.INDEX_ID NOT IN(
8.                             SELECT S.INDEX_ID
9.                             FROM SYS.DM_DB_INDEX_USAGE_STATS S
10.                             WHERE S.OBJECT_ID = I.OBJECT_ID
11.                                 AND I.INDEX_ID = S.INDEX_ID
12.                                 AND DATABASE_ID = DB_ID())
13. ORDER BY OBJECTNAME, I.INDEX_ID, INDEXNAME ASC

SQL 2: 分析下面语句，移除那些没有必要的索引

Code Snippet

1. SELECT DB_NAME(database_id)         AS  N'DataBaseName'  ,
2.        OBJECT_NAME(U.object_id)     AS  N'Table_Name'    ,
3.        I.name                       AS  N'Index_Name'    ,
4.        user_seeks                   AS  N'用户索引查找次数',
5.        user_scans                   AS  N'用户索引扫描次数',
6.        last_user_seek               AS  N'最后查找时间'   ,
7.        last_user_scan               AS  N'最后扫描时间'   ,
8.        rows                         AS  N'表中的行数'
9. FROM sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats AS U
10.    INNER JOIN sys.indexes I ON U.index_id= I.index_idAND U.object_id= I.object_id
11.   INNER JOIN sysindexesT ON I.object_id = T.id
12. WHERE database_id= DB_ID('DbName')
13. AND OBJECT_NAME(U.object_id)='TableName'
14. ORDER BY user_seeks, user_scans, object_name(U.object_id);