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  • Nagios学习实践系列——配置研究[监控当前服务器]

    其实上篇Nagios学习实践系列——基本安装篇只是安装了Nagios基本组件,虽然能够打开主页,但是如果不配置相关配置文件文件,那么左边菜单很多页面都打不开,相当于只是一个空壳子。接下来,我们来学习研究一下Nagios的配置,了解一下基本的配置和了解各类配置文件。

    Nagios配置目录

    Nagios的配置文件位于etc目录下(/usr/local/nagios/etc)如下图所示:

    clip_image002

    配置文件简介

    配置文件名

    功能描述

    cgi.cfg

    控制CGI访问的配置文件

    nagios.cfg

    主配置文件:主配置文件包括了一系列的设置,它们会影响Nagios守护进程

    resource.cfg

    资源配置文件:资源文件可以保存用户自定义的宏。资源文件的一个主要用途是保存一些敏感的配置信息,不能让CGIS程序模块获取到的信息

    objects

    objects是一个目录,在此目录下有很多配置文件,用于定义Nagios对象:commands.cfg、contacts.cfg、localhost.cfg

    objects目录下的配置文件描述

    配置文件名

    功能描述

    commands.cfg

    命令定义配置文件,其中定义的命令可以被其他配置文件引用

    contacts.cfg

    定义联系人和联系人组的配置文件

    localhost.cfg

    定义监控本地主机的配置文件

    printer.cfg

    定义监控打印机的一个配置文件模板,默认没有启用此文件

    switch.cfg

    定义监控路由器的一个配置文件模板,默认没有启用此文件

    templates.cfg

    定义主机和服务的一个模板配置文件,可以在其他配置文件中引用

    timeperiods.cfg

    定义Nagios 监控时间段的配置文件

    windows.cfg

    监控Windows 主机的一个配置文件模板,默认没有启用此文件

    实践配置步骤

    下面修改配置信息,首先让Nagios监控本机的各种资源消耗。修改下面配置文件前,首先将各类配置文件备份一份,以免修改过程出现重大问题时,还能回滚到修改前版本(修改前先将配置文件copy一份,命名为xxxx.bak  如下所示)

    [root@bogon etc]# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/

    [root@bogon etc]# ls

    cgi.cfg  htpasswd  nagios.cfg  objects  resource.cfg

    [root@bogon etc]# cd objects/

    [root@bogon objects]# ls

    commands.cfg  contacts.cfg  localhost.cfg  printer.cfg  switch.cfg  templates.cfg  timeperiods.cfg  windows.cfg

    [root@bogon objects]#

    clip_image004

    1)先修改cgi.cfg

    在cgi.cfg文件中,找到下面一些参数配置:

    default_user_name=guest

    authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin

    authorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin

    authorized_for_system_commands=nagiosadmin

    authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin

    authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin

    authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin

    authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin

    将这些参数配置修改为如下:(如果不清楚为什么是kerry,参见上篇博客Nagios学习实践系列——基本安装篇解说)

    default_user_name=kerry

    authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin,kerry

    authorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin,kerry

    authorized_for_system_commands=nagiosadmin,kerry

    authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin,kerry

    authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin,kerry

    authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin,kerry

    authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin,kerry

    clip_image006

    2)修改resource.cfg配置文件。

    如图所示,找到$USER1$=/usr/local/nagios//libexec 将其改为$USER1$=/usr/local/nagios/libexec

    clip_image008

    3)修改nagios.cfg配置文件

    修改一系列的参数配置,将那些多余的/去掉

    clip_image010

    log_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/nagios.log

    cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg

    cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg

    cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg

    cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg

    cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg

    cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg

    object_cache_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/objects.cache

    precached_object_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/objects.precache

    resource_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/resource.cfg

    status_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/status.dat

    command_check_interval=1

    command_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/rw/nagios.cmd

    lock_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/nagios.lock

    temp_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/nagios.tmp

    log_archive_path=/usr/local/nagios/var/archives

    check_result_path=/usr/local/nagios/var/spool/checkresults

    state_retention_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/retention.dat

    4)修改localhost.cfg配置文件

    首先通过命令 hostname查看你监控主机的机器名,例如这次测试环境的主机名为bogon,进入localhost.cfg配置文件,将相应的

    host_name或member等配置修改过来。

    clip_image012

    clip_image014

    localhost.cfg文件的内容如下:

    ###############################################################################
    # LOCALHOST.CFG - SAMPLE OBJECT CONFIG FILE FOR MONITORING THIS MACHINE
    #
    # Last Modified: 05-31-2007
    #
    # NOTE: This config file is intended to serve as an *extremely* simple 
    #       example of how you can create configuration entries to monitor
    #       the local (Linux) machine.
    #
    ###############################################################################
    
    
    
    
    ###############################################################################
    ###############################################################################
    #
    # HOST DEFINITION
    #
    ###############################################################################
    ###############################################################################
    
    # Define a host for the local machine
    
    define host{
            use                     linux-server            ; Name of host template 
    to use
                                                            ; This host definition w
    ill inherit all variables that are defined
                                                            ; in (or inherited by) t
    he linux-server host template definition.
            host_name               bogon
            alias                   bogon
            address                 127.0.0.1
            }
    
    
    
    ###############################################################################
    ###############################################################################
    #
    # HOST GROUP DEFINITION
    #
    ###############################################################################
    ###############################################################################
    
    # Define an optional hostgroup for Linux machines
    
    define hostgroup{
            hostgroup_name  linux-servers ; The name of the hostgroup
            alias           Linux Servers ; Long name of the group
            members         bogon    ; Comma separated list of hosts that belong to 
    this group
            }
    
    
    
    ###############################################################################
    ###############################################################################
    #
    # SERVICE DEFINITIONS
    #
    ###############################################################################
    ###############################################################################
    
    
    # Define a service to "ping" the local machine
    
    define service{
            use                             local-service         ; Name of service 
    template to use
            host_name                       bogon
            service_description             PING
            check_command                   check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
            }
    
    
    # Define a service to check the disk space of the root partition
    # on the local machine.  Warning if < 20% free, critical if
    # < 10% free space on partition.
    
    define service{
            use                             local-service         ; Name of service 
    template to use
            host_name                       bogon
            service_description             Root Partition
            check_command                   check_local_disk!20%!10%!/
            }
    
    
    
    # Define a service to check the number of currently logged in
    # users on the local machine.  Warning if > 20 users, critical
    # if > 50 users.
    
    define service{
            use                             local-service         ; Name of service 
    template to use
            host_name                       bogon
            service_description             Current Users
            check_command                   check_local_users!20!50
            }
    
    
    # Define a service to check the number of currently running procs
    # on the local machine.  Warning if > 250 processes, critical if
    # > 400 users.
    
    define service{
            use                             local-service         ; Name of service 
    template to use
            host_name                       bogon
            service_description             Total Processes
            check_command                   check_local_procs!250!400!RSZDT
            }
    
    
    
    # Define a service to check the load on the local machine. 
    
    define service{
            use                             local-service         ; Name of service 
    template to use
            host_name                       bogon
            service_description             Current Load
            check_command                   check_local_load!5.0,4.0,3.0!10.0,6.0,4.
    0
            }
    
    
    
    # Define a service to check the swap usage the local machine. 
    # Critical if less than 10% of swap is free, warning if less than 20% is free
    
    define service{
            use                             local-service         ; Name of service 
    template to use
            host_name                       bogon
            service_description             Swap Usage
            check_command                   check_local_swap!20!10
            }
    
    
    
    # Define a service to check SSH on the local machine.
    # Disable notifications for this service by default, as not all users may have S
    SH enabled.
    
    define service{
            use                             local-service         ; Name of service 
    template to use
            host_name                       bogon
            service_description             SSH
            check_command                   check_ssh
            notifications_enabled           0
            }
    
    
    
    # Define a service to check HTTP on the local machine.
    # Disable notifications for this service by default, as not all users may have H
    TTP enabled.
    
    define service{
            use                             local-service         ; Name of service 
    template to use
            host_name                       bogon
            service_description             HTTP
            check_command                   check_http
            notifications_enabled           0
            }
    View Code

    基本配置完成后,我们启动Nagios、Apache服务

        启动Apache服务

        [root@bogon conf]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start

        启动Nagios服务

        [root@bogon conf]# service nagios start

    如图所示,就可监控当前服务器的负载、当前用户数、HTTP服务、SSH服务….

    image

    clip_image016

    配置问题汇总:

    在配置Nagios的过程中、总会碰到千奇百怪、各式各样的问题,下面我慢慢收集整理碰到过得的一些问题,当然这是我碰到,没有碰到过得问题,不做收录。

    问题1:Nagios配置好后,启动了Apache、Nagios服务后,进入Hosts、Services等界面时,出现乱码,如下图所示:

    clip_image018

    这个问题是由于Apache没有开启cgi脚本的缘故,进入apache的主配置文件目录,修改配置文件httpd.conf,将下面两行的注释取消,重启服务即可解决问题。

    #LoadModule cgid_module modules/mod_cgid.so

    #LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so

    问题2:点击Map页面,出现下面错误信息(红色部分):

    Not Found

    The requested URL /nagios/cgi-bin/statusmap.cgi was not found on this server.

    出现这个错误,是因为没有安装gd-devel包导致,需要安装gd-devel包。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/p/3283855.html
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