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  • 在C#中SendMessage和PostMessage的参数传递

              在C#中可以使用Window API提供的SendMessage和PostMessage来传递参数。两者的区别简单介绍下:返回值的不同, 我们先看一下 MSDN 里的声明:
    LRESULT SendMessage(

    HWND hWnd,

    UINT Msg,

    WPARAM wParam,

    LPARAM lParam

    );

    BOOL PostMessage(

    HWND hWnd,

    UINT Msg,

    WPARAM wParam,

    LPARAM lParam

    );


    其中 4 个参数的意义是一样的,返回值类型不同(其实从数据上看他们一样是一个 32 位的数,只是意义不一样),LRESULT 表示的是消息被处理后的返回值,BOOL 表示的是消息是不是 Post 成功。

    2、PostMessage 是异步的,SendMessage 是同步的。
    PostMessage 只把消息放入队列,不管消息是否被处理就返回,消息可能不被处理;而 SendMessage 等待消息被处理完了之后才返回,如果消息不被处理,发送消息的线程将一直被阻塞。

    3、如果在同一个线程内,SendMessage 发送消息时,由 USER32.DLL
    模块调用目标窗口的消息处理程序,并将结果返回。SendMessage 在同一线程中发送消息并不入线程消息队列。PostMessage
    发送消息时,消息要先放入线程的消息队列,然后通过消息循环分派到目标窗口(DispatchMessage)。

    如果在不同线程内,SendMessage 发送消息到目标窗口所属线程的消息队列,然后发送消息的线程在 USER32.DLL
    模块内监视和等待消息处理,直到目标窗口处理完返回。SendMessage 在返回前还做了很多工作,比如,响应别的线程向它
    SendMessage。Post 到别的线程时,最好用 PostThreadMessage 代替
    PostMessage,PostMessage 的 hWnd 参数可以是 NULL,等效于 PostThreadMessage +
    GetCurrentThreadId。Post WM_QUIT 时,应使用 PostQuitMessage 代替。

    4、系统只整编(marshal)系统消息(0 到 WM_USER 之间的消息),发送用户消息(WM_USER 以上)到别的进程时,需要自己做整编。

    用 PostMessage、SendNotifyMessage、SendMessageCallback 等异步函数发送系统消息时,参数里不可以使用指针,因为发送者并不等待消息的处理就返回,接受者还没处理指针就已经被释放了。
    
    
    
    5、在 Windows 2000/XP 里,每个消息队列最多只能存放 10,000 个 Post
    的消息,超过的还没被处理的将不会被处理,直接丢掉。这个值可以改得更大:[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/
    Microsoft/Windows NT/CurrentVersion/Windows] USERPostMessageLimit,最小可以是
    4000。
    
    PostMessage只负责将消息放到消息队列中,不确定何时及是否处理
    
    SendMessage要等到受到消息处理的返回码(DWord类型)后才继续
    
    PostMessage执行后马上返回
    
    SendMessage必须等到消息被处理后才会返回。
    
    下面通过一个小例子来说明下这2个方法进行参数传递的不同点:
    

    //Win32 API 类

    using System;
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

    namespace TestHwnd
    {
        public class Win32API
        {
            


            [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindWindow")]
            public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);

            [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindWindowEx")]
            public static extern IntPtr FindWindowEx(IntPtr hwndParent, IntPtr hwndChildAfter, string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);

            /// <summary>
            /// 自定义的结构
            /// </summary>
            public struct My_lParam
            {
                public int i;
                public string s;
            }
            /// <summary>
            /// 使用COPYDATASTRUCT来传递字符串
            /// </summary>
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
            {
                public IntPtr dwData;
                public int cbData;
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
                public string lpData;
            }
            //消息发送API
            [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendMessage")]
            public static extern int SendMessage(
                IntPtr hWnd,        // 信息发往的窗口的句柄
                int Msg,            // 消息ID
                int wParam,         // 参数1
                int lParam          //参数2
            );

            
            //消息发送API
            [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendMessage")]
            public static extern int SendMessage(
                IntPtr hWnd,        // 信息发往的窗口的句柄
                int Msg,            // 消息ID
                int wParam,         // 参数1
                ref My_lParam lParam //参数2
            );
            
            //消息发送API
            [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendMessage")]
            public static extern int SendMessage(
                IntPtr hWnd,        // 信息发往的窗口的句柄
                int Msg,            // 消息ID
                int wParam,         // 参数1
                ref  COPYDATASTRUCT lParam  //参数2
            );

            //消息发送API
            [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "PostMessage")]
            public static extern int PostMessage(
                IntPtr hWnd,        // 信息发往的窗口的句柄
                int Msg,            // 消息ID
                int wParam,         // 参数1
                int lParam            // 参数2
            );
            
            
            
            //消息发送API
            [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "PostMessage")]
            public static extern int PostMessage(
                IntPtr hWnd,        // 信息发往的窗口的句柄
                int Msg,            // 消息ID
                int wParam,         // 参数1
                ref My_lParam lParam //参数2
            );
            
            //异步消息发送API
            [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "PostMessage")]
            public static extern int PostMessage(
                IntPtr hWnd,        // 信息发往的窗口的句柄
                int Msg,            // 消息ID
                int wParam,         // 参数1
                ref  COPYDATASTRUCT lParam  // 参数2
            );

        }
    }

    //主窗体,发送消息

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.ComponentModel;
    using System.Data;
    using System.Drawing;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Windows.Forms;
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

    namespace TestHwnd
    {
        public partial class Main : Form
        {

            public IntPtr hwndTest;
            public int IwndTest;
            public IntPtr hwndfrmTest;
            

            public Main()
            {
                InitializeComponent();
            }

            private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                Test test = new Test();
                test.Show(this);
            }

            private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                string strTest = "25425";
                Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT cds;
                cds.dwData = (IntPtr)100;
                cds.lpData = strTest;
                byte[] sarr = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strTest);
                int len = sarr.Length;
                cds.cbData = len + 1;
                
                Win32API.My_lParam lp=new Win32API.My_lParam();
                lp.i=3;
                lp.s="test";
                
                if(hwndTest!=(IntPtr)0)
                {
                    if (DateTime.Now.Second % 2 == 0)
                    {
                        Win32API.SendMessage(hwndTest, 0x6013);//传递2个整型参数成功
                    }
                    if(DateTime.Now.Second % 3 == 0)
                    {
                        Win32API.SendMessage(hwndTest, 0x615ref lp);//传递整型参数和结构类型成功,这个方法加以改变后可以传递对象
                    }
                    if(DateTime.Now.Second % 5 == 0)
                    {
                        Win32API.SendMessage(hwndTest, 0x625ref cds);//传递整型参数和不定长的字符串成功
                    }
                    if(DateTime.Now.Second % 7 == 0)
                    {
                        Win32API.PostMessage(hwndTest, 0x6356);//传递2个整型参数成功
                    }
                    if(DateTime.Now.Second % 9 == 0)
                    {
                        Win32API.PostMessage(hwndTest, 0x643ref lp);//传递整型参数成功,但是传递参数lp失败,3可以传递成功。
                    }
                    if(DateTime.Now.Second % 11 == 0)
                    {
                        Win32API.PostMessage(hwndTest, 0x653ref cds);//传递整型参数成功,传递参数cds失败,3可以传递成功。
                    }
                }
               
                
            }
        }
    }


    //子窗体接收消息以及参数

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.ComponentModel;
    using System.Data;
    using System.Drawing;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Windows.Forms;
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

    namespace TestHwnd
    {
         public  partial  class Test : Form
        {
            Main main;
             public  Test()
            {
                 InitializeComponent();
            }

             private  void  Test_Load( object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                main =  this.Owner  as Main;
                main.hwndTest =  this.Handle;
                
            }

            

             /// 重写窗体的消息处理函数DefWndProc,从中加入自己定义消息的检测的处理入口
             protected  override  void  DefWndProc( ref Message m)
            {
                 switch (m.Msg)
                {
                         //接收自定义消息MYMESSAGE,并显示其参数
                     case  0x60:
                        {
                            label1.Text = DateTime.Now. ToString() +  "-" + m.WParam. ToInt32(). ToString() +  "-" + m.LParam. ToInt32(). ToString();
                        }
                         break;
                     case  0x61:
                        {
                            Win32API.My_lParam ml =  new Win32API. My_lParam();
                            Type t = ml. GetType();
                            ml = (Win32API.My_lParam)m. GetLParam(t);
                            label2.Text = DateTime.Now. ToString() +  "-" + m.WParam. ToInt32(). ToString() +  "-" + ml.i. ToString()+ ":"+ml.s;
                        }
                         break;
                         case  0x62:
                        {
                            Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT mystr =  new Win32API. COPYDATASTRUCT();
                            Type mytype = mystr. GetType();
                            mystr = (Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT)m. GetLParam(mytype);
                             string str2 = mystr.lpData;
                            label3.Text = DateTime.Now. ToString() +  "-" + m.WParam. ToInt32(). ToString() +  "-" + str2;
                        }
                         break;
                         case  0x63:
                        {
                            label4.Text = DateTime.Now. ToString() +  "-" + m.WParam. ToInt32(). ToString() +  "-" + m.LParam. ToInt32(). ToString();
                        }
                         break;
                         case  0x64:
                        {
                            Win32API.My_lParam ml =  new Win32API. My_lParam();
                            Type t = ml. GetType();
                            ml = (Win32API.My_lParam)m. GetLParam(t);
                            label5.Text = DateTime.Now. ToString() +  "-" + m.WParam. ToInt32(). ToString() +  "-" + ml.i. ToString()+ ":"+ml.s;
                        }
                         break;
                         case  0x65:
                        {
                            Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT mystr =  new Win32API. COPYDATASTRUCT();
                            Type mytype = mystr. GetType();
                            mystr = (Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT)m. GetLParam(mytype);
                             string str2 = mystr.lpData;
                            label6.Text = DateTime.Now. ToString() +  "-" + m.WParam. ToInt32(). ToString() +  "-" + str2;
                        }
                         break;
                     default:
                         base. DefWndProc( ref m);
                         break;
                }
            }

            
             private  void  button1_Click( object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                main.hwndTest = (IntPtr) ( 0);
                 this. Close();
            }

           



        }

        
    }







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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kevinGao/p/15764461.html
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