使用pyinstaller 打包python脚本为exe程序

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1. 简介
2. 环境
3. 实操演示
4. pyinstaller使用注意的点

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使用pyinstaller 实现python脚本打包成exe程序

1. 简介

将python程序打包成exe可执行程序的办法很多，如pyinstaller、py2exe、cx_Freeze等，这里介绍pyinstaller方法

2. 环境

• window 10 64bit

• python 3.7.4

• selenium 3.3.0

• ChromePortable72

• chromedriver

3. pyinstall 参数介绍

常用的主要是-F、-p、-i、-w这几个参数。

• -a：不包含编码.在支持Unicode的python版本上默认包含所有的编码

• -c：使用控制台子系统执行(默认)(只对Windows有效)

• -d：产生debug版本的可执行文件

• -i ：指定打包程序使用的图标（icon）文件

• -F：打包成可执行程序

• -h：查看帮助

• -p：添加使用的第三方库路径

• -v：查看 PyInstaller 版本

• -w：取消控制台显示（默认是显示控制台的）

4. 实操演示

pyinstaller提供了两种把.py文件打包成.exe文件的方式：

1. 第一种，把由.py文件打包而成的.exe文件及相关文件放在一个目录中。

   • 代码打印一个helloworld

   • print("#####开始#####")
     print("hello world！")
     print("#####结束#####")
     

   • 成功的结果会看到

     

   • 打包前demo结构

     

   • 打包语法：pyinstaller 应用程序

     D:myprojectdemoexample2
     $ pyinstaller hello.py
     66 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.6
     67 INFO: Python: 3.7.3
     68 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0
     69 INFO: wrote D:myprojectdemoexample2hello.spec
     117 INFO: UPX is not available.
     120 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
     ['D:\myproject\demo\example2', 'D:\myproject\demo\example2']
     120 INFO: checking Analysis
     121 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent
     121 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
     124 INFO: Caching module graph hooks...
     133 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...
     3502 INFO: Caching module dependency graph...
     3678 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc
     3681 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable
       required by d:python37python.exe
     4058 INFO: Analyzing D:myprojectdemoexample2hello.py
     4059 INFO: Processing module hooks...
     4060 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...
     4206 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"...
     4207 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"...
     4440 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
     4440 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
     4447 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
     4583 INFO: Looking for eggs
     4583 INFO: Using Python library d:python37python37.dll
     4583 INFO: Found binding redirects:
     []
     4586 INFO: Warnings written to D:myprojectdemoexample2uildhellowarn-hello.txt
     4623 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to D:myprojectdemoexample2uildhelloxref-hello.html
     4631 INFO: checking PYZ
     4631 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent
     4632 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) D:myprojectdemoexample2uildhelloPYZ-00.pyz
     5195 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) D:myprojectdemoexample2uildhelloPYZ-00.pyz completed successfully.
     5203 INFO: checking PKG
     5204 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent
     5204 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg
     5220 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully. 5222 INFO: Bootloader d:python37libsite-packagesPyInstallerootloaderWindows-64bit
     un.exe
     5222 INFO: checking EXE
     5222 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent
     5223 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc
     5224 INFO: Appending archive to EXE D:myprojectdemoexample2uildhellohello.exe
     5227 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
     5230 INFO: checking COLLECT
     5231 INFO: Building COLLECT because COLLECT-00.toc is non existent
     5232 INFO: Building COLLECT COLLECT-00.toc
     8582 INFO: Building COLLECT COLLECT-00.toc completed successfully.
     
     

   • 打包后的目录结构，生成两个目录，一个文件

     

   1. __pycache__ 是python编译产生的文件，可不用关心
   2. build 是编译过程中的中间产物
   3. dist是最终可执行程序目录
   4. spec文件是类似缓存，如果你第二次打包，则需要先把spec删掉，否则第二次打包会受影响
   

   • 执行我们打包好的hello.exe，直接拖到cmd下回车即可

     

   到这里第一种打包方式就介绍完了，比较简单。

2. 第二种，把谷歌浏览器和第三方库selenium和我们的python程序打包进一个独立的.exe格式的可执行文件。

   • 要打包的demo的目录结构

     

   • 打包

     $ pyinstaller -F -p selenium -p ChromePortable72ChromePortable.exe demo.py -i favicon.ico

   D:myprojectdemoexample
   $ pyinstaller -F -p selenium -p ChromePortable72ChromePortable.exe demo.py -i favicon.ico
   56 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.6
   57 INFO: Python: 3.7.3
   58 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0
   59 INFO: wrote D:myprojectdemoexampledemo.spec
   111 INFO: UPX is not available.
   112 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
   ['D:\myproject\demo\example',
    'D:\myproject\demo\example\selenium',
    'D:\myproject\demo\example\ChromePortable72\ChromePortable.exe',
   
    'D:\myproject\demo\example']
   114 INFO: checking Analysis
   114 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent
   115 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
   118 INFO: Caching module graph hooks...
   126 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...
   3355 INFO: Caching module dependency graph...
   3477 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc
   3479 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable
     required by d:python37python.exe
   3876 INFO: Analyzing D:myprojectdemoexampledemo.py
   4847 INFO: Processing module hooks...
   4848 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...
   5008 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"...
   5009 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-selenium.py"...
   5018 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.dom.domreg.py"...
   5019 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"...
   5032 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
   5041 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
   5048 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
   5226 INFO: Looking for eggs
   5227 INFO: Using Python library d:python37python37.dll
   5227 INFO: Found binding redirects:
   []
   5230 INFO: Warnings written to D:myprojectdemoexampleuilddemowarn-demo.txt
   5274 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to D:myprojectdemoexampleuilddemoxref-demo.html
   5284 INFO: checking PYZ
   5285 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent
   5285 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) D:myprojectdemoexampleuilddemoPYZ-00.pyz
   6054 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) D:myprojectdemoexampleuilddemoPYZ-00.pyz completed successfully.
   6065 INFO: checking PKG
   6065 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent
   6065 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg
   7997 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully. 8000 INFO: Bootloader d:python37libsite-packagesPyInstallerootloaderWindows-64bit
   un.exe
   8001 INFO: checking EXE
   8001 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent
   8001 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc
   8003 INFO: Copying icons from ['favicon.ico']
   8004 INFO: Writing RT_GROUP_ICON 0 resource with 20 bytes
   8005 INFO: Writing RT_ICON 1 resource with 67624 bytes
   8010 INFO: Updating manifest in D:myprojectdemoexampleuilddemo
   un.exe.hbxskavy
   8011 INFO: Updating resource type 24 name 1 language 0
   8015 INFO: Appending archive to EXE D:myprojectdemoexampledistdemo.exe
   8024 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
   

   • 打包后demo目录结构

     

   • 看下exe程序小图标是不是自己指定的kpc

     

   • 运行exe

     

   到这里，第二种打包方法也成功了。

5. pyinstaller使用注意的点

• pyinstaller也只能在当前操作系统中运行，比如你用mac只能打包出mac上的可执行脚本，要是你想打包出windwos电脑上的可执行程序，你就要用windows执行打包命令。
• 如果你的脚本文件中包含其他脚本，比如hello.py包含自定义脚本(world.py)或是系统脚本(sys.py)：则需要在打包的时候加上其他脚本的路径。

通过-p指定第三方包的路径，一条路径对应一个-p
eg：pyinstaller -F -p C:SystemLibsite-packages -p C:MyLib Hello.py

• 执行一次打包命令通常会生成两个目录一个附件，分别是build、dist、和xx.spec。build是编译过程中的中间产物，dist是最终可执行程序目录，spec文件是类似缓存，如果你第二次打包，则需要先把spec删掉，否则第二次打包会受影响。