NaN 是 Not a Number 的缩写.它是一个数值类型值,通常在浮点计算中,表示未定义或无法表示的值.而且,不能直接使用相等运算符 (==) 检查 NaN.由于在程序中,nan == nan (C/C++/Python) 或 nan is nan (Python) 总是返回 0 或 False.因此,除了采用库函数外,往往可以利用这个性质检查某个数值是否为 NaN.下面介绍如何采用库函数检查 NaN 值:
C/C++ 实现
在 C/C++ 中,采用 math.h 标准函数库中的 isnan 宏或函数检查 nan 值,具体示例代码如下:
C 代码 test-nan.c
/* isnan example */
#include <stdio.h> /* printf */
#include <math.h> /* isnan, sqrt */
int main()
{
printf ("isnan(0.0) : %d
",isnan(0.0));
printf ("isnan(1.0/0.0) : %d
",isnan(1.0/0.0));
printf ("isnan(-1.0/0.0) : %d
",isnan(-1.0/0.0));
printf ("isnan(sqrt(-1.0)): %d
",isnan(sqrt(-1.0)));
return 0;
}
编译和运行结果,如下所示
$ gcc test-nan.c -lm
$ ./a.out
isnan(0.0) : 0
isnan(1.0/0.0) : 0
isnan(-1.0/0.0) : 0
isnan(sqrt(-1.0)): 1
C++ 代码 test-nan.cpp
/* isnan example */
#include <cmath> /* isnan, sqrt */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "isnan(0.0) : " << isnan(0.0) << endl;
cout << "isnan(1.0/0.0) : " << isnan(1.0/0.0) << endl;
cout << "isnan(-1.0/0.0) : " << isnan(-1.0/0.0) << endl;
cout << "isnan(sqrt(-1.0)): " << isnan(sqrt(-1.0)) << endl;
return 0;
}
编译和运行结果,如下所示
$ g++ test-nan.cpp
$ ./a.out
isnan(0.0) : 0
isnan(1.0/0.0) : 0
isnan(-1.0/0.0) : 0
isnan(sqrt(-1.0)): 1
如果在编译时增加 -std=c++11 ,采用C++ 2011标准编译程序,可能会出现如下错误:
$ g++ test-nan.cpp -std=c++11
...
error: call of overloaded ‘isnan(double)’ is ambiguous
...
一个简单的解决方法是在所有的 isnan 宏或函数前,增加域操作符( :: ),修改后的示例代码如下:
/* isnan example */
#include <cmath> /* isnan, sqrt */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "isnan(0.0) : " << ::isnan(0.0) << endl;
cout << "isnan(1.0/0.0) : " << ::isnan(1.0/0.0) << endl;
cout << "isnan(-1.0/0.0) : " << ::isnan(-1.0/0.0) << endl;
cout << "isnan(sqrt(-1.0)): " << ::isnan(sqrt(-1.0)) << endl;
return 0;
}
保存后,重新编译运行即可.
Python 实现
Python 采用 numpy 数值数学库函数 np.isnan 检查 nan 值,示例代码 test-nan.py 如下:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
# author: klchang
from __future__ import print_function
import numpy as np
print ("isnan(0.0) : ", np.isnan(0.0))
print ("isnan(1.0/0.0) : ", np.isnan(np.true_divide(1.0, 0.0)))
print ("isnan(-1.0/0.0) : ", np.isnan(np.true_divide(-1.0, 0.0)))
print ("isnan(sqrt(-1.0)): ", np.isnan(np.sqrt(-1.0)))
运行输出结果,如下:
$ python test-nan.py
isnan(0.0) : False
...: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in true_divide
print ("isnan(1.0/0.0) : ", np.isnan(np.true_divide(1.0, 0.0)))
isnan(1.0/0.0) : False
...: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in true_divide
print ("isnan(-1.0/0.0) : ", np.isnan(np.true_divide(-1.0, 0.0)))
isnan(-1.0/0.0) : False
...: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in sqrt
print ("isnan(sqrt(-1.0)): ", np.isnan(np.sqrt(-1.0)))
isnan(sqrt(-1.0)): True
参考资料
1. isnan macro/function - <cmath> reference. http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/cmath/isnan/
2. NaN - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaN
3. numpy isnan - NumPy Manual. https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.isnan.html
4. Why is isnan ambigous and how to avoid it? - stackoverflow. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33770374/why-is-isnan-ambiguous-and-how-to-avoid-it