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  • 不如自己读一遍AsyncTask源码

    看多少总结都不如自己试着分析一遍,RTFSC。

    AsyncTask用法

    直接上官网的例子:

    private class DownloadFilesTask extends AsyncTask<URL, Integer, Long> {
        // Do the long-running work in here
        protected Long doInBackground(URL... urls) {
            int count = urls.length;
            long totalSize = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                totalSize += Downloader.downloadFile(urls[i]);
                publishProgress((int) ((i / (float) count) * 100));
                // Escape early if cancel() is called
                if (isCancelled()) break;
            }
            return totalSize;
        }
    
        // This is called each time you call publishProgress()
        protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {
            setProgressPercent(progress[0]);
        }
    
        // This is called when doInBackground() is finished
        protected void onPostExecute(Long result) {
            showNotification("Downloaded " + result + " bytes");
        }
    }
    

    写一个类继承AsyncTask,重写三个方法:

    • doInBackground:在这里面执行耗时的异步任务
    • onProgressUpdate:更新进度在这个方法里写
    • onPostExecute:任务执行后的操作放这里面

    此外还有两个方法可以重写:

    • onPreExecute
    • onCancelled

    AsyncTask类指定三个泛型参数,这三个参数的用途如下:

    • Params——在执行AsyncTask时需要传入的参数,可用于在后台任务中使用。
    • Progress——后台任务执行时,如果需要在界面上显示当前的进度,则使用这里指定的泛型作为进度单位。
    • Result——当任务执行完毕后,如果需要对结果进行返回,则使用这里指定的泛型作为返回值类型。

    启动这个任务:

    new DownloadFilesTask().execute(url1, url2, url3);
    

    源码分析

    我的SDK版本时API 23,各版本的AsyncTask的具体代码可能会有出入,但基本的原理是一样的。

    先看看构造器里都做了什么:

     /**
         * Creates a new asynchronous task. This constructor must be invoked on the UI thread.
         */
        public AsyncTask() {
            mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
                public Result call() throws Exception {
                    mTaskInvoked.set(true);
    
                    Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                    //noinspection unchecked
                    Result result = doInBackground(mParams);
                    Binder.flushPendingCommands();
                    return postResult(result);
                }
            };
    
            mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
                @Override
                protected void done() {
                    try {
                        postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
                                e.getCause());
                    } catch (CancellationException e) {
                        postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                    }
                }
            };
        }
    

    首先用匿名内部类的形式new了一个WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>实例,WorkerRunnable是实现了Callable接口的一个抽象类,Callable代码如下,包含一个带反回类型的call()方法:

    public interface Callable<V> {
        /**
         * Computes a result, or throws an exception if unable to do so.
         *
         * @return computed result
         * @throws Exception if unable to compute a result
         */
        V call() throws Exception;
    }
    

    回构造器看看匿名内部类里是如何实现call()方法的,在call()方法中将线程的优先级设置为了THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND,官网说了:

    If you don't set the thread to a lower priority this way, then the thread could still slow down your app because it operates at the same priority as the UI thread by default.

    意思是如果不降低线程的优先级,那么子线程默认和UI线程优先级一样,执行起来app可能就卡了。

    接下来就调用了doInBackground方法,返回一个result,这都是在子线程里的操作,那怎么把result传递给主线程呢?追进postResult看看:

    private Result postResult(Result result) {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
                    new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
            message.sendToTarget();
            return result;
        }
    

    熟悉的Message出现了,还调用了sendToTarget()方法,这不就是通过Hadler传递的方式吗。再看getHandler方法返回的是静态内部类InternalHandler的实例,InternalHandler继承自Handler:

    private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
            public InternalHandler() {
                super(Looper.getMainLooper());
            }
    
            @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
                switch (msg.what) {
                    case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                        // There is only one result
                        result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                        break;
                    case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                        result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
    

    InternalHandler构造器中拿的是主线程的looper,handleMessage是接收到不同消息进行相应的处理,finish:

        private void finish(Result result) {
            if (isCancelled()) {
                onCancelled(result);
            } else {
                onPostExecute(result);
            }
            mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
        }
    

    接收到finish消息后,如果调用了isCancelled就回调onCancelled方法,否则回调onPostExecute方法。如果消息的更新progress那么就回调onProgressUpdate方法。这样就把result传递给了主线程。

    再回到构造器接着往下看:

    mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
                @Override
                protected void done() {
                    try {
                        postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
                                e.getCause());
                    } catch (CancellationException e) {
                        postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                    }
                }
            };
    

    同样用匿名内部类生成一个FutureTask<Result>实例,FutureTask实现了RunnableFuture接口,RunnableFuture的源码如下,它同时继承了Runnable接口和Future接口,既可以作为Runnable的引用也可以作为Future的引用,Future接口中定义cancel方法和get方法用于取出线程的执行结果。

    public interface RunnableFuture<V> extends Runnable, Future<V> {
        /**
         * Sets this Future to the result of its computation
         * unless it has been cancelled.
         */
        void run();
    }
    

    前面的FutureTask匿名内部类重写了done方法,调用postResultIfNotInvoked,如果之前WorkerRunnable的call方法抛异常了,则再次把result传递出去。

    好了,构造器里定义好了一个实现Callable接口的WorkerRunnable实例和一个实现了Runnable接口和Future接口的FutureTask实例。

    接下来看看调用execute方法后都做了什么:

    @MainThread
        public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
            return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
        }
    

    再追进executeOnExecutor方法:

        @MainThread
        public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
                Params... params) {
            if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
                switch (mStatus) {
                    case RUNNING:
                        throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                                + " the task is already running.");
                    case FINISHED:
                        throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                                + " the task has already been executed "
                                + "(a task can be executed only once)");
                }
            }
    
            mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
    
            onPreExecute();
    
            mWorker.mParams = params;
            exec.execute(mFuture);
    
            return this;
        }
    

    首先回调onPreExecute()方法,这还是在主线程,接下来调用传递进来的Executor实例的execute方法开始执行任务:

    exec.execute(mFuture);
    

    传进来的sDefaultExecutor是定义的静态内部类SerialExecutor的实例,去源码看到它实现的execute方法中使用一个双端队列来串行执行传进来的Runnable引用的run方法,具体引用是谁呢?看上面,是mFuture。在mFuture的run方法中会调用Callable引用的call方法,具体引用是谁呢?回AsyncTask构造器看,是mWorker。真正执行任务的是线程池THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR。

    AsyncTask默认线程池参数

    把THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR具体参数和定义也贴上:

     private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
        private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT + 1;
        private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
        private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 1;
    
        private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
            private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);
    
            public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
                return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
            }
        };
    
        private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
                new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128);
    
        /**
         * An {@link Executor} that can be used to execute tasks in parallel.
         */
        public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
                = new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE,
                        TimeUnit.SECONDS, sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
                        
    public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
                = new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE,
                        TimeUnit.SECONDS, sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
    

    可以看到线程池的核心线程数是(CPU数+1),最大容量是(2*CPU数+1),阻塞队列容量128。记得AsyncTask中的线程池核心线程数是5啊,对吗?什么时候改的呢,这是API 23即Android 6.0,我们去历史版本看看吧,我一般在androidxref.com看各个版本的源码。

    搜索之后可以得知,在Android 4.3的源码中AsyncTask的配置还是如下所示:

    private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = 5;
        private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = 128;
        private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 1;
    
        private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
            
        private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
                new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10);
    
    

    核心线程数5,线程池最大容量128,阻塞队列容量10。从Android 4.4开始就变成上面看到的根据CPU数的配置了,涨了一点点知识,不能再说AsyncTask默认线程池核心线程数是5啦。

    此外,我们还可以通过setDefaultExecutor来使用自定义的Executor和线程池来执行任务。

    以上分析下来确实学到了不少啊。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kodyan/p/5442653.html
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