SpringBoot自动配置原理

8.SpringBoot自动配置原理

1、自动配置原理

SpringBoot在启动的时候通过这个@EnableAutoConfiguration注解开启自动配置功能

利用选择器EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector给容器中导入一些组件

查看EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector的父类AutoConfigurationImportSelector中的selectImports方法

其中 List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);//获取后候选的配置

List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader());
//扫描所有jar包类路径经下的META-INF/spring.factories的资源
把扫描到的文件包装成properties对象
从properties获取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class（类名对应的值）获取，然后把它们添加到容器中
将类路径下META-INF/spring.factorcies里面配置的EnableAutoConfiguration中的值加入到容器中。

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceResolverAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceDelegatingViewResolverAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.SitePreferenceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.ReactorAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.FallbackWebSecurityAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.OAuth2AutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.SocialWebAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.FacebookAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.LinkedInAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.TwitterAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebClientAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration

每一个xxxAutoConfiguration类都是容器中的一个组件，都加入到容器中，都是容器中的一个组件，用来做自动配置

3.每一个自动配置类进行自动配置功能

4.以HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(http编码自动配置)为例解释自动配置原理

@Configuration //这是一个配置类，同配置文件一样可以给容器添加组件
@EnableConfigurationProperties({HttpEncodingProperties.class}) //启用指定类ConfigurationProperties功能；将配置文件中对应的值和{HttpEncodingProperties绑定起来。
@ConditionalOnWebApplication //Spring底层的注解@Conditional，根据不同的条件如果满足，如果满足特定的条件，配置类才会生效； @ConditionalOnWebApplication判应用是否为web应用；如果是生效，不是就不生效

@ConditionalOnClass({CharacterEncodingFilter.class})//判断当前项目中有无这个类CharacterEncodingFilter是SpringMVC中进行乱码解决的过滤器
@ConditionalOnProperty(
prefix = "spring.http.encoding",
value = {"enabled"},
matchIfMissing = true
)//判断配置文件中是否存在某个配置spring.http.encoding.enabled;如果不存在判断也是成立的
//即使配置文件中不配置spring.http.encoding.enabled=true，也是默认生效的；
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration 
根据当前不同的条件决定这个配置类是否生效。

一旦这个配置类生效 ，这个配置类会给容器中添加各种组件，这些组件的属性是从对应的properties类中获取的，这些类的每一个属性又是和配置文件绑定的

public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {
//已经和SpringBoot配置文件映射了
private final HttpEncodingProperties properties;
//只有一个有参构造器的情况下，参数的值就可以从容器中拿
public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(HttpEncodingProperties properties) {
this.properties = properties;
}

@Bean//给容器中添加一些组件，这个组件中的某些值需要从properties中获取
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({CharacterEncodingFilter.class})
public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST));
filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE));
return filter;
}


}

5.所有配置中能配置的属性都是在xxxProperties类中封装着；配置文件能配置什么参照他的属性类

@ConfigurationProperties(
prefix = "spring.http.encoding"
)//从配置文件中获取指定的值和bean的属性进行绑定
public class HttpEncodingProperties {
精髓：

1）SpringBoot启动时会加载大量的自动配置类

2）看需要的功能有没有SpringBoot写好的自动配置类

3）在看自动配置类中有那些组件(自动配置类中有的组件无需在配置)

4）在给容器中自动配置类添加组件时，会从properties中获取某些属性；就可以在配置文件中指定某些属性的值。

xxxAutoConfiguration:自动配置类

给容器中添加组件

xxxProperties:封装配置文件的相关属性