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  • WPF知识点全攻略12- 样式和资源

    样式

    1、讲到样式,先来对比一下wpf 样式和网页css:

    wpf代码:

    <Window
        x:Class="WpfApp1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:Themes="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Windows.Themes;assembly=PresentationFramework.Aero2"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp1"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        Title="MainWindow"
        Width="800"
        Height="450"
        mc:Ignorable="d">
    
        <Window.Resources>
            <Style x:Key="ButtonStyle" TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
                <Setter Property="Background" Value="#4CAF50"></Setter>
                <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="0"></Setter>
                <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White"></Setter>
                <Setter Property="Padding" Value="32,15"></Setter>
                <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="16"></Setter>
                <Setter Property="Margin" Value="4,2"></Setter>
            </Style>
         
        </Window.Resources>
    
        <StackPanel Margin="10">
            <TextBlock Text="WPF 按钮" FontSize="24" FontWeight="Bold"></TextBlock>
            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="0,20" >
                <Button  HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Center"  Content="默认按钮" />
                <Button  HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Center"  Content="按钮" Style="{StaticResource ButtonStyle}" />
            </StackPanel>
        </StackPanel>
    </Window>
    View Code

    html css代码:

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8"> 
    <title></title> 
    <style>
    .button {
        background-color: #4CAF50;
        border: none;
        color: white;
        padding: 15px 32px;
        font-size: 16px;
        margin: 4px 2px;
    }
    </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    
    <h2>CSS 按钮</h2>
    
    <button>默认按钮</button>
        
    <button class="button">按钮</button>
    </body>
    </html>
    View Code

    查看一下效果:

                                 

    通过代码对比,可以看到WPF的Style和html的Style(CSS)相似度很高。

    再来看一下:

    <link href="img/divcss5.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> 
    <ResourceDictionary Source="MySource/MyDataTemplate.xaml"/>

    都可以使用外联的方式加载样式,这样可以通过建立资源字典 统一样式。xaml的style中还有更多方便的功能。比如BasedOn、Trigger等,而css也在吸收这些优点进行改进。

    2、讲到样式,必须要提到Blend

     以Button为例,查看样式模板副本:

    <Window
        x:Class="WpfApp1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:Themes="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Windows.Themes;assembly=PresentationFramework.Aero2"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp1"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        Title="MainWindow"
        Width="800"
        Height="450"
        mc:Ignorable="d">
        <Window.Resources>
            <Style x:Key="FocusVisual">
                <Setter Property="Control.Template">
                    <Setter.Value>
                        <ControlTemplate>
                            <Rectangle Margin="2" SnapsToDevicePixels="true" Stroke="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.ControlTextBrushKey}}" StrokeThickness="1" StrokeDashArray="1 2"/>
                        </ControlTemplate>
                    </Setter.Value>
                </Setter>
            </Style>
            <SolidColorBrush x:Key="Button.Static.Background" Color="#FFDDDDDD"/>
            <SolidColorBrush x:Key="Button.Static.Border" Color="#FF707070"/>
            <SolidColorBrush x:Key="Button.MouseOver.Background" Color="#FFBEE6FD"/>
            <SolidColorBrush x:Key="Button.MouseOver.Border" Color="#FF3C7FB1"/>
            <SolidColorBrush x:Key="Button.Pressed.Background" Color="#FFC4E5F6"/>
            <SolidColorBrush x:Key="Button.Pressed.Border" Color="#FF2C628B"/>
            <SolidColorBrush x:Key="Button.Disabled.Background" Color="#FFF4F4F4"/>
            <SolidColorBrush x:Key="Button.Disabled.Border" Color="#FFADB2B5"/>
            <SolidColorBrush x:Key="Button.Disabled.Foreground" Color="#FF838383"/>
            <Style x:Key="ButtonStyle1" TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
                <Setter Property="FocusVisualStyle" Value="{StaticResource FocusVisual}"/>
                <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource Button.Static.Background}"/>
                <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{StaticResource Button.Static.Border}"/>
                <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.ControlTextBrushKey}}"/>
                <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1"/>
                <Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Center"/>
                <Setter Property="VerticalContentAlignment" Value="Center"/>
                <Setter Property="Padding" Value="1"/>
                <Setter Property="Template">
                    <Setter.Value>
                        <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
                            <Border x:Name="border" BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" SnapsToDevicePixels="true">
                                <ContentPresenter x:Name="contentPresenter" Focusable="False" HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}" Margin="{TemplateBinding Padding}" RecognizesAccessKey="True" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}"/>
                            </Border>
                            <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                                <Trigger Property="IsDefaulted" Value="true">
                                    <Setter Property="BorderBrush" TargetName="border" Value="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.HighlightBrushKey}}"/>
                                </Trigger>
                                <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="true">
                                    <Setter Property="Background" TargetName="border" Value="{StaticResource Button.MouseOver.Background}"/>
                                    <Setter Property="BorderBrush" TargetName="border" Value="{StaticResource Button.MouseOver.Border}"/>
                                </Trigger>
                                <Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="true">
                                    <Setter Property="Background" TargetName="border" Value="{StaticResource Button.Pressed.Background}"/>
                                    <Setter Property="BorderBrush" TargetName="border" Value="{StaticResource Button.Pressed.Border}"/>
                                </Trigger>
                                <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="false">
                                    <Setter Property="Background" TargetName="border" Value="{StaticResource Button.Disabled.Background}"/>
                                    <Setter Property="BorderBrush" TargetName="border" Value="{StaticResource Button.Disabled.Border}"/>
                                    <Setter Property="TextElement.Foreground" TargetName="contentPresenter" Value="{StaticResource Button.Disabled.Foreground}"/>
                                </Trigger>
                            </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                        </ControlTemplate>
                    </Setter.Value>
                </Setter>
            </Style>
        </Window.Resources>
    
        <Grid>
            <Button Content="Button" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="58,129,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" Style="{DynamicResource ButtonStyle1}"/>
        </Grid>
    </Window>
    View Code

    可以看到button基本样式结构,可以通过修改其中属性值,查看显示效果。通过改变ControlTemplate,可以定义更多样式(自定义button)。

    Blend参考:https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/previous-versions/visualstudio/design-tools/expression-studio-3/cc294537(v=expression.30)

    资源

    通过样式,可以自由定义各种控件,随心所欲的修改想要的效果。但如每个控件都在使用的时候,定义Style,就会有很多冗余的代码。上面也提到,可以通过外联资源字典的方式,来统一管理样式。

    看一下专业资源样式写法,MaterialDesignInXamlToolkit/Themes

    使用资源字典,从几个方面定义:

    1、主题、颜色(MaterialDesignTheme.Dark.xaml、MaterialDesignTheme.Light.xaml)

    2、样式(MaterialDesignTheme.Shadows.xaml)

    3、字体(MaterialDesignTheme.Font.xaml)

    4、控件(MaterialDesignTheme.Button.xaml等)

    5、自定义控件(MaterialDesignTheme.DialogHost.xaml、MaterialDesignTheme.Clock.xaml等)

    6、统一调用(MaterialDesignTheme.Defaults.xaml)

    通过附加属性配合资源字典,可以比较方便实现许多功能。写法参考(ShadowAssist.cs、ScrollViewerAssist.cs、ButtonProgressAssist.cs等)

    学习样式资源可以参考,简单漂亮的UI框架 DMSKin

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kuangxiangnice/p/11192963.html
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