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  • Python操作Mysql数据库

    (1)python DB API包含的内容:
                   
    (2)使用python DB API访问数据库的流程:
     
                   
    (3)python DB API的主要方法:
    • connect连接类:   
      • conn = pymsql.connect(host="localhost", port=3306, user="root", passwd="root", db="goods", charset="utf8"):创建一个mysql连接。
      • cursor = conn.cursor():创建游标,用于python和mysql之间通信,即执行sql语句。
      • conn.rollback(): 回滚,使得cursor指代的sql语句执行失败后,数据库保持执行前的状态不变。
      • conn.commit():确认,使得sql语句执行后,数据库产生相应变化。
      • conn.close():关闭连接。
    • cursor游标类:   
      • cursor.execute(sql):实参为sql语句的字符串,用于在MySQL中执行sql语句。
      • cursor.fetchone():返回查询结果的下一行,形式为元组,即:((1 line),(2 line),(3 line) )。
      • cursor.fetchsize(size):返回查询结果的下size行,形式为元组。
      • cursor.fetchall():返回查询结果的剩余行,形式为元组。
      • cursor.rowcount:最近一次execute中影响数据库的行数。
      • cursor.close():关闭游标。
    (4)python3.6操作数据库---简单增删改查:
    import pymysql
    if __name__ == '__main__':
    #创建MYSQL连接
    conn = pymysql.Connect(host = '127.0.0.1',port = 3306,user = 'root',passwd = 'root',db = 'databasetest',charset = 'utf8')
    #创建游标:用于 Python 和 Mysql 之间的通信,即:用于执行 SQL 语句。
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    try:
        #增加数据库
        sql = "INSERT INTO userdata VALUES (1,'lbg'),(2,'zgj'),(3,'ldt')"
        cursor.execute(sql)
        #删除数据库
        sql2 = "DELETE FROM userdata WHERE id=3"
        cursor.execute(sql2)
        #更新数据库
        sql3 = "UPDATE userdata SET username='wjz' WHERE id=2"
        cursor.execute(sql3)
        #查询数据库
        sql4 = "SELECT * FROM userdata"
        num = cursor.execute(sql4)
        print("the number of the userdata: %d" % num)
        #fetchall返回一个元组,其中包含所有查询的结果。
        for row in cursor.fetchall(): 
            print(" ID: "+str(row[0])+" name: "+row[1])
    except Exception as reason:
        #SQL事物回滚:将事务中对数据库的所有已经完成的操作全部撤销,回滚到事务开始时的状态
        conn.rollback()
        print('事务处理失败', reason)
    else:
        #SQL事物确认:只有事物确认之后,数据库操作才会生效
        conn.commit()
        print('事务处理成功',cursor.rowcount)
    finally:
        #关闭连接和游标
        cursor.close()
        conn.close()
    (5)python3.6操作数据库---银行转账:
    import pymysql
    import sys
    
    class TransferMoney:
        def __init__(self,conn):
            self.conn = conn
        def transfer(self,id_out,id_in,money):
            try:
                self.HasIdAccount(id_out)
                self.HasIdAccount(id_in)
                self.OutIdHasEnoughMoney(id_out,money)
                self.SubMoney(id_out,money)
                self.AddMoney(id_in,money)
                conn.commit()
            except Exception as e:
                self.conn.rollback()
                raise e
        def HasIdAccount(self,userid):
            cursor = self.conn.cursor()
            try:
                sql = "select * from goods_change where id = %s" % userid
                cursor.execute(sql)
                res = cursor.fetchall()
                if len(res) != 1:
                    raise Exception("id %s is not exist" % userid)
                    print("Has id " + str(userid))
            finally:
                cursor.close()
        def OutIdHasEnoughMoney(self,userid,change_money):
            cursor = self.conn.cursor()
            try:
                sql = "select money from goods_change where id = %s" % userid
                cursor.execute(sql)
                if int(cursor.fetchone()[0]) < int(change_money):
                    raise Exception("id %s has not enough money" % userid)
                    print("id " + str(userid) + " has enough money")
            finally:
                cursor.close()
        def SubMoney(self,userid,change_money):
            cursor = self.conn.cursor()
            try:
                sql = "update goods_change set money=money-%s where id=%s" % (change_money,userid)
                cursor.execute(sql)
                if cursor.rowcount != 1:
                    raise Exception("id %s is not exist" % userid)
                    print("id " + str(userid) + " sub " + str(change_money) + " RMB")
            finally:
                cursor.close()
        def AddMoney(self,userid,change_money):
            cursor = self.conn.cursor()
            try:
                sql = "update goods_change set money=money+%s where id=%s" % (change_money,userid)
                cursor.execute(sql)
                if cursor.rowcount != 1:
                    raise Exception("id %s is not exist" % userid)
                    print("id " + str(userid) + " add " + str(change_money) + " RMB")
            finally:
                cursor.close()
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        conn = pymysql.Connect(host='127.0.0.1',port=3306,user='root',passwd='root',db='goods',charset='utf8')
        id_out = sys.argv[1]
        id_in = sys.argv[2]
        money = sys.argv[3]
        trans = TransferMoney(conn)
        try:
            trans.transfer(id_out,id_in,money)
        except Exception as reason:
            print('事务处理失败:', reason)
        finally:
            conn.close()
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ladawn/p/8909082.html
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