UIGestureRecognizer ios手势识别温习

1、UIGestureRecognizer介绍

手势识别在iOS上非常重要，手势操作移动设备的重要特征，极大的增加了移动设备使用便捷性。

iOS系统在3.2以后，为方便开发这使用一些常用的手势，提供了UIGestureRecognizer类。手势识别UIGestureRecognizer类是个抽象类，下面的子类是具体的手势，开发这可以直接使用这些手势识别。

UITapGestureRecognizer 

UIPinchGestureRecognizer 

UIRotationGestureRecognizer 

UISwipeGestureRecognizer 

UIPanGestureRecognizer 

UILongPressGestureRecognizer



上面的手势对应的操作是：

• Tap（点一下）
• Pinch（二指往內或往外拨动，平时经常用到的缩放）
• Rotation（旋转）
• Swipe（滑动，快速移动）
• Pan （拖移，慢速移动）
• LongPress（长按）

UIGestureRecognizer的继承关系如下：


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2、使用手势的步骤

使用手势很简单，分为两步：

• 创建手势实例。当创建手势时，指定一个回调方法，当手势开始，改变、或结束时，回调方法被调用。
• 添加到需要识别的View中。每个手势只对应一个View，当屏幕触摸在View的边界内时，如果手势和预定的一样，那就会回调方法。

ps：一个手势只能对应一个View，但是一个View可以有多个手势。

建议在真机上运行这些手势,模拟器操作不太方便，可能导致你认为手势失效。

3、Pan 拖动手势：

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]]; 
2. snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160); 
3. UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] 
4. initWithTarget:self 
5. action:@selector(handlePan:)]; 
6. [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer]; 
7. [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]]; 
8. [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView]; 
9. UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];
10. snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);
11. UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]
12. initWithTarget:self
13. action:@selector(handlePan:)]; 
14. [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];
15. [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
16. [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];

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新建一个ImageView，然后添加手势

回调方法：

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. - (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer 
2. { 
3. CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view]; 
4. recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x, 
5. recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y); 
6. [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view]; 
8. } 
9. - (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
10. {
11. CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
12. recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x,
13. recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);
14. [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];
16. }

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• 4、Pinch缩放手势

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] 
2. initWithTarget:self 
3. action:@selector(handlePinch:)];<P class="p1">[<SPAN class="s1">snakeImageView</SPAN> <SPAN class="s2">addGestureRecognizer</SPAN>:pinchGestureRecognizer];</P> 
4. UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]
5. initWithTarget:self
6. action:@selector(handlePinch:)];[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer];

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[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. - (void) handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer*) recognizer 
2. { 
3. recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.scale, recognizer.scale); 
4. recognizer.scale = 1; 
5. } 
6. - (void) handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
7. {
8. recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.scale, recognizer.scale);
9. recognizer.scale = 1;
10. }

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5、Rotation旋转手势

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] 
2. initWithTarget:self 
3. action:@selector(handleRotate:)]; 
4. [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer]; 
5. UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]
6. initWithTarget:self
7. action:@selector(handleRotate:)];
8. [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];

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[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. - (void) handleRotate:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer*) recognizer 
2. { 
3. recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation); 
4. recognizer.rotation = 0; 
5. } 
6. - (void) handleRotate:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
7. {
8. recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation);
9. recognizer.rotation = 0;
10. }

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添加了这几个手势后，运行看效果，程序中的imageView放了一个

/^/^
_|__| O|
/ /~ \_/
\____|__________/
\_______
`
| |
/ /
/ / \
/ /
/ /
/ / _----_
/ / _-~ ~-_ | |
( ( _-~ _--_ ~-_ _/ |
~-____-~ _-~ ~-_ ~-_-~ /
~-_ _-~ ~-_ _-~ 
~--______-~ ~-___-~

的图片，在模拟器上拖动是没问题的。缩放和旋转有点问题，估计是因为在模拟器上的模拟的两个接触点距离在imageView的边界外了，所以操作无效果。

建议在真机上运行这个手势。

在模拟器上缩放和选择的操作技巧：

可以把imageView的frame值设置大一点，按住alt键，按下触摸板(不按下不行)，这样就可以旋转和缩放了。

6、添加第二个ImagView并添加手势

记住：一个手势只能添加到一个View，两个View当然要有两个手势的实例了

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. - (void)viewDidLoad 
2. { 
3. [super viewDidLoad]; 
5. UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]]; 
6. UIImageView *dragonImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"dragon.png"]]; 
7. snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(120, 120, 100, 160); 
8. dragonImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160); 
9. [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView]; 
10. [self.view addSubview:dragonImageView]; 
12. for (UIView *view in self.view.subviews) { 
13. UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] 
14. initWithTarget:self 
15. action:@selector(handlePan:)]; 
17. UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] 
18. initWithTarget:self 
19. action:@selector(handlePinch:)]; 
21. UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] 
22. initWithTarget:self 
23. action:@selector(handleRotate:)]; 
25. [view addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer]; 
26. [view addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer]; 
27. [view addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer]; 
28. [view setUserInteractionEnabled:YES]; 
29. } 
30. [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]]; 
31. } 
32. - (void)viewDidLoad
33. {
34. [super viewDidLoad];
36. UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];
37. UIImageView *dragonImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"dragon.png"]];
38. snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(120, 120, 100, 160);
39. dragonImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);
40. [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];
41. [self.view addSubview:dragonImageView];
43. for (UIView *view in self.view.subviews) {
44. UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]
45. initWithTarget:self
46. action:@selector(handlePan:)];
48. UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]
49. initWithTarget:self
50. action:@selector(handlePinch:)];
52. UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]
53. initWithTarget:self
54. action:@selector(handleRotate:)];
56. [view addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];
57. [view addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer];
58. [view addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];
59. [view setUserInteractionEnabled:YES];
60. }
61. [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]]; 
62. }

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多添加了一条龙的view，两个view都能接收上面的三种手势。运行效果如下：

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7、拖动(pan手势)速度(以较快的速度拖放后view有滑行的效果)

如何实现呢？

• 监视手势是否结束
• 监视触摸的速度

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. - (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer 
2. { 
3. CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view]; 
4. recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x, 
5. recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y); 
6. [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view]; 
8. if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) { 
10. CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view]; 
11. CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y)); 
12. CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200; 
13. NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult); 
15. float slideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult; // Increase for more of a slide 
16. CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor), 
17. recognizer.view.center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor)); 
18. finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, 0), self.view.bounds.size.width); 
19. finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, 0), self.view.bounds.size.height); 
21. [UIView animateWithDuration:slideFactor*2 delay:0 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut animations:^{ 
22. recognizer.view.center = finalPoint; 
23. } completion:nil]; 
25. } 
27. - (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
28. {
29. CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
30. recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x,
31. recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);
32. [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];
34. if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {
36. CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view];
37. CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y));
38. CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200;
39. NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult);
41. float slideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult; // Increase for more of a slide
42. CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor),
43. recognizer.view.center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor));
44. finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, 0), self.view.bounds.size.width);
45. finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, 0), self.view.bounds.size.height);
47. [UIView animateWithDuration:slideFactor*2 delay:0 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut animations:^{
48. recognizer.view.center = finalPoint;
49. } completion:nil];
51. }

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   代码实现解析：

• 计算速度向量的长度（估计大部分都忘了）这些知识了。
• 如果速度向量小于200，那就会得到一个小于的小数，那么滑行会很短
• 基于速度和速度因素计算一个终点
• 确保终点不会跑出父View的边界
• 使用UIView动画使view滑动到终点

运行后，快速拖动图像view放开会看到view还会在原来的方向滑行一段路。

8、同时触发两个view的手势

手势之间是互斥的，如果你想同时触发蛇和龙的view，那么需要实现协议 

UIGestureRecognizerDelegate，

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate> 
2. @end 
3. @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>
4. @end

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并在协议这个方法里返回YES。 

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. -(BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer 
2. { 
3. return YES; 
4. } 
5. -(BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer
6. {
7. return YES;
8. }

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把self作为代理设置给手势： 

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. panGestureRecognizer.delegate = self; 
2. pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate = self; 
3. rotateRecognizer.delegate = self; 
4. panGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;
5. pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;
6. rotateRecognizer.delegate = self;

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这样可以同时拖动或旋转缩放两个view了。 

9、tap点击手势

这里为了方便看到tap的效果，当点击一下屏幕时，播放一个声音。

为了播放声音，我们加入AVFoundation.framework这个框架。

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. - (AVAudioPlayer *)loadWav:(NSString *)filename { 
2. NSURL * url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:filename withExtension:@"wav"]; 
3. NSError * error; 
4. AVAudioPlayer * player = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url error:&error]; 
5. if (!player) { 
6. NSLog(@"Error loading %@: %@", url, error.localizedDescription); 
7. } else { 
8. [player prepareToPlay]; 
9. } 
10. return player; 
11. } 
12. - (AVAudioPlayer *)loadWav:(NSString *)filename {
13. NSURL * url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:filename withExtension:@"wav"];
14. NSError * error;
15. AVAudioPlayer * player = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url error:&error];
16. if (!player) {
17. NSLog(@"Error loading %@: %@", url, error.localizedDescription);
18. } else {
19. [player prepareToPlay];
20. }
21. return player;
22. }

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我会在最后例子代码给出完整代码，添加手势的步骤和前面一样的。 

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> 
2. #import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h> 
4. @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate> 
5. @property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * chompPlayer; 
6. @property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * hehePlayer; 
8. @end 
9. #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
10. #import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
12. @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>
13. @property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * chompPlayer;
14. @property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * hehePlayer;
16. @end

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[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. - (void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer { 
2. [self.chompPlayer play]; 
3. } 
4. - (void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
5. [self.chompPlayer play];
6. }

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运行，点一下某个图，就会播放一个咬东西的声音。

不过这个点击播放声音有点缺陷，就是在慢慢拖动的时候也会播放。这使得两个手势重合了。怎么解决呢？使用手势的：requireGestureRecognizerToFail方法。

10、手势的依赖性

在viewDidLoad的循环里添加这段代码：

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. [tapRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:panGestureRecognizer]; 
2. [tapRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:panGestureRecognizer];

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意思就是，当如果pan手势失败，就是没发生拖动，才会出发tap手势。这样如果你有轻微的拖动，那就是pan手势发生了。tap的声音就不会发出来了。 

11、自定义手势

自定义手势继承：UIGestureRecognizer，实现下面的方法：

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. – touchesBegan:withEvent: 
2. – touchesMoved:withEvent: 
3. – touchesEnded:withEvent: 
4. - touchesCancelled:withEvent: 
5. – touchesBegan:withEvent:
6. – touchesMoved:withEvent:
7. – touchesEnded:withEvent:
8. - touchesCancelled:withEvent:

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新建一个类，继承UIGestureRecognizer，代码如下：

.h文件

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> 
2. typedef enum { 
3. DirectionUnknown = 0, 
4. DirectionLeft, 
5. DirectionRight 
6. } Direction; 
8. @interface HappyGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer 
9. @property (assign) int tickleCount; 
10. @property (assign) CGPoint curTickleStart; 
11. @property (assign) Direction lastDirection; 
13. @end 
14. #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
15. typedef enum {
16. DirectionUnknown = 0,
17. DirectionLeft,
18. DirectionRight
19. } Direction;
21. @interface HappyGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer
22. @property (assign) int tickleCount;
23. @property (assign) CGPoint curTickleStart;
24. @property (assign) Direction lastDirection;
26. @end

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.m文件 

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. #import "HappyGestureRecognizer.h" 
2. #import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h> 
3. #define REQUIRED_TICKLES 2 
4. #define MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE 25 
6. @implementation HappyGestureRecognizer 
8. - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { 
9. UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject]; 
10. self.curTickleStart = [touch locationInView:self.view]; 
11. } 
13. - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { 
15. // Make sure we've moved a minimum amount since curTickleStart 
16. UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject]; 
17. CGPoint ticklePoint = [touch locationInView:self.view]; 
18. CGFloat moveAmt = ticklePoint.x - self.curTickleStart.x; 
19. Direction curDirection; 
20. if (moveAmt < 0) { 
21. curDirection = DirectionLeft; 
22. } else { 
23. curDirection = DirectionRight; 
24. } 
25. if (ABS(moveAmt) < MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE) return; 
27. // 确认方向改变了 
28. if (self.lastDirection == DirectionUnknown || 
29. (self.lastDirection == DirectionLeft && curDirection == DirectionRight) || 
30. (self.lastDirection == DirectionRight && curDirection == DirectionLeft)) { 
32. // 挠痒次数 
33. self.tickleCount++; 
34. self.curTickleStart = ticklePoint; 
35. self.lastDirection = curDirection; 
37. // 一旦挠痒次数超过指定数，设置手势为结束状态 
38. // 这样回调函数会被调用。 
39. if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible && self.tickleCount > REQUIRED_TICKLES) { 
40. [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded]; 
41. } 
42. } 
44. } 
46. - (void)reset { 
47. self.tickleCount = 0; 
48. self.curTickleStart = CGPointZero; 
49. self.lastDirection = DirectionUnknown; 
50. if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) { 
51. [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed]; 
52. } 
53. } 
55. - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event 
56. { 
57. [self reset]; 
58. } 
60. - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event 
61. { 
62. [self reset]; 
63. } 
65. @end 
66. #import "HappyGestureRecognizer.h"
67. #import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>
68. #define REQUIRED_TICKLES 2
69. #define MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE 25
71. @implementation HappyGestureRecognizer
73. - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
74. UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];
75. self.curTickleStart = [touch locationInView:self.view];
76. }
78. - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
80. // Make sure we've moved a minimum amount since curTickleStart
81. UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];
82. CGPoint ticklePoint = [touch locationInView:self.view];
83. CGFloat moveAmt = ticklePoint.x - self.curTickleStart.x;
84. Direction curDirection;
85. if (moveAmt < 0) {
86. curDirection = DirectionLeft;
87. } else {
88. curDirection = DirectionRight;
89. }
90. if (ABS(moveAmt) < MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE) return;
92. // 确认方向改变了
93. if (self.lastDirection == DirectionUnknown ||
94. (self.lastDirection == DirectionLeft && curDirection == DirectionRight) ||
95. (self.lastDirection == DirectionRight && curDirection == DirectionLeft)) {
97. // 挠痒次数
98. self.tickleCount++;
99. self.curTickleStart = ticklePoint;
100. self.lastDirection = curDirection;
102. // 一旦挠痒次数超过指定数，设置手势为结束状态
103. // 这样回调函数会被调用。
104. if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible && self.tickleCount > REQUIRED_TICKLES) {
105. [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded];
106. }
107. }
109. }
111. - (void)reset {
112. self.tickleCount = 0;
113. self.curTickleStart = CGPointZero;
114. self.lastDirection = DirectionUnknown;
115. if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {
116. [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed];
117. }
118. }
120. - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
121. {
122. [self reset];
123. }
125. - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
126. {
127. [self reset];
128. }
130. @end

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调用自定义手势和上面一样，回到这样写： 

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. - (void)handleHappy:(HappyGestureRecognizer *)recognizer{ 
2. [self.hehePlayer play]; 
3. } 
4. - (void)handleHappy:(HappyGestureRecognizer *)recognizer{
5. [self.hehePlayer play];
6. }

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手势成功后播放呵呵笑的声音。

在真机上运行，按住某个view，快速左右拖动，就会发出笑的声音了。 

代码解析：

先获取起始坐标：curTickleStart

通过和ticklePoint的x值对比，得出当前的放下是向左还是向右。再算出移动的x的值是否比MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE距离大，如果太则返回。
再判断是否有三次是不同方向的动作，如果是则手势结束，回调。


参考：http://www.raywenderlich.com/656 ... nches-pans-and-more


例子代码：http://download.csdn.net/detail/totogo2010/5094059

原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/totogo2010/article/details/8615940

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原文：http://bbs.9ria.com/thread-197251-1-1.html

相关：http://blog.csdn.net/likendsl/article/details/7554150