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  • MySQL5.7 Replication主从复制配置教程

     最近配置mysql5.7主从复制的时候碰到了些问题，老老实实按老版本的步骤配置会有错误，后来自己查看了官方文档，才解决了问题，在这里总结一下5.7的配置步骤，

    大体步骤跟老版本的还是一样的，只是有一些小区别，下面进行具体介绍。

        官方文档：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication.html

        系统环境：win7


    我只安装了mysql server，其他配套工具没安装。安装后发现根目录下有一个my-default.ini文件，请把该文件改名成my.ini, 打开这个文件，文件内容如下：

    # For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
[mysqld]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# server_id = .....
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# bin log file name of the log to create
# log_bin= .....
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
# basedir = .....
# datadir = .....
# port = .....

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

    把如下几个属性改动一下，

    server_id = 101 注意这个101是唯一标识你这个mysql服务器的，一般取你电脑ip的最后几位，以便好区分。
log_bin=mysql-bin 注意mysql-bin是一个存放二进制log文件的路径，我这里指定了一个mysql当前安装目录的mysql-bin文件夹
    port=3306     3306是你设定的端口

    改完之后在mysql command line client（mysql命令行客户端）执行如下两个命令中一个,初始化data目录

    在window系统：
    mysqld --initialize-insecure; 解释：初始化data目录的同时，会自动生成无密码的root用户，
mysqld --initialize; 解释：初始化data目录的同时，会自动生成带随机密码的root用户，
    在 Unix 或者Unix相关，相似的系统：
    mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql

    如上操作完成后，需要用上面生成的用户名登录服务，如下：

    • 如果你用 --initialize 初始化data目录，请用如下命令登录服务

       mysql -u root -p
执行上面命令，会提示输入密码，输入随机生成的密码即可。

      如果你不知道这个随机密码，请查看error log文件查找这个随机密码。

    • 如果用 --initialize-insecure 初始化data目录，请用root用登录，并不需要输入密码就可以登录，如下命令:

       mysql -u root --skip-password

    用没有密码的root用户登录后可以给这个用户设置密码，设置方法如下命令：

     ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';

    另外，如果 mysqld 无法识别你的mysql安装目录和mysql数据存放目录，请手工指定：方法有二

    第一种：即在输入命令的时候多加两个参数--basedir和--datadir，具体如下

    mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
         --basedir=your mysql install dir e.g：/opt/mysql/mysql
            --datadir=your mysql data dir e.g：/opt/mysql/mysql/data

    第二种：在你的my.ini文件增加两个属性：

    basedir= you mysql install dir e.g：/opt/mysql/mysql
    datadir=you mysql data dir e.g：/opt/mysql/mysql/data

    详细请参考：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/data-directory-initialization-mysqld.html

     配置完后你可以重启服务了，命令：mysqld restart --console;或者手动关掉 mysqld进程后执行命令：mysqld --console;。

    请用同样的方法设置 master和slave但是两者的端口要不同。

            至此，剩下的操作跟老版本一样了，剩下的操作请参考其他文章，例如[z]如何在一台windows主机上搭建mysql主从复制 这篇文件，从如下文字开始：

    3、在主库添加一个用户 repl 并指定replication权限
create user 'repl'@'127.0.0.1' identified by 'asdf';

GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'127.0.0.1'; -- --这里我指定数据库（test.*）时报错，而指定全库（*.*）时会成功。

4、保持主从mysql的test数据库初始状态一致。

.....................

    ===完====

    下面的附加信息也许你会用到，或者碰到这些问题：

    1、用 show variables like '%log_bin%';查看状态：

    配置失败的状态如下:

    +---------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+-------+
| log_bin | OFF |
| log_bin_basename | |
| log_bin_index | |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF |
| log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF |
| sql_log_bin | ON |
+---------------------------------+-------+
6 rows in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

    配置成功的类似是如下：

    +---------------------------------+---------------------------------------------
-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value
|
+---------------------------------+---------------------------------------------
-----------------+
| log_bin | ON
|
| log_bin_basename | C:Program FilesMySQLMySQL Server 5.7data
mysql-bin |
| log_bin_index | C:Program FilesMySQLMySQL Server 5.7data
mysql-bin.index |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF
|
| log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF
|
| sql_log_bin | ON
|
+---------------------------------+---------------------------------------------
-----------------+
6 rows in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

    2、如果执行mysqld --console，报类似如下错，手动停掉mysqld进程后再执行。

    2016-02-06T13:23:13.951203Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is
deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see doc
umentation for more details).
2016-02-06T13:23:13.951203Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'E
RROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will
be merged with strict mode in a future release.
2016-02-06T13:23:13.951203Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER' sql mode was not s
et.
2016-02-06T13:23:13.951203Z 0 [Warning] Insecure configuration for --secure-file
-priv: Current value does not restrict location of generated files. Consider set
ting it to a valid, non-empty path.
2016-02-06T13:23:13.952203Z 0 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.7.10-log) starting as proc
ess 38432 ...
2016-02-06T13:23:13.976205Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use Windows in
terlocked functions
2016-02-06T13:23:13.976205Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Uses event mutexes
2016-02-06T13:23:13.977205Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2016-02-06T13:23:13.977205Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2016-02-06T13:23:13.977205Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
2016-02-06T13:23:13.978205Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions
2016-02-06T13:23:14.005206Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total siz
e = 128M, instances = 1, chunk size = 128M
2016-02-06T13:23:14.019207Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer
pool
2016-02-06T13:23:14.092211Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Ba
rracuda.
2016-02-06T13:23:14.239220Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temp
orary tables
2016-02-06T13:23:14.240220Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file '.ibtmp1' size to 12
MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
2016-02-06T13:23:14.450232Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: File '.ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB.
2016-02-06T13:23:14.453232Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found.
96 redo rollback segment(s) are active.
2016-02-06T13:23:14.453232Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are
active.
2016-02-06T13:23:14.463233Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 5.7.10 started; log sequence number
1210265
2016-02-06T13:23:14.464233Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Loading buffer pool(s) from C:Prog
ram FilesMySQLMySQL Server 5.7dataib_buffer_pool
2016-02-06T13:23:14.464233Z 0 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
2016-02-06T13:23:14.464233Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: not started
mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist
2016-02-06T13:23:14.465233Z 0 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please
run mysql_upgrade to create it.
2016-02-06T13:23:14.478233Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at 16
0206 21:23:14
2016-02-06T13:23:14.586240Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Tabl
e 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2016-02-06T13:23:14.609241Z 0 [Warning] Failed to set up SSL because of the foll
owing SSL library error: SSL context is not usable without certificate and priva
te key
2016-02-06T13:23:14.609241Z 0 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port:
3306
2016-02-06T13:23:14.611241Z 0 [Note] IPv6 is available.
2016-02-06T13:23:14.612241Z 0 [Note] - '::' resolves to '::';
2016-02-06T13:23:14.612241Z 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
2016-02-06T13:23:14.615241Z 0 [Warning] Failed to open optimizer cost constant t
ables

2016-02-06T13:23:14.617241Z 0 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege
tables: Table 'mysql.user' doesn't exist
2016-02-06T13:23:14.619242Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

2016-02-06T13:23:14.619242Z 0 [Note] Binlog end
2016-02-06T13:23:14.640243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'ngram'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.640243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'partition'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.640243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'BLACKHOLE'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.641243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'ARCHIVE'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.641243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.641243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MRG_MYISAM'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.641243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MyISAM'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.641243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_VIRTUAL'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.642243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_DATAFILES'

2016-02-06T13:23:14.642243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACE
S'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.643243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN_CO
LS'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.643243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.643243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_FIELDS'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.643243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_COLUMNS'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.643243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_INDEXES'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.644243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_TABLESTATS
'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.644243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_TABLES'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.644243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE
'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.644243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE
'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.644243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_CONFIG'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.645243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_BEING_DELET
ED'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.645243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_DELETED'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.645243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STO
PWORD'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.645243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_METRICS'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.645243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INF
O'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.646243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_ST
ATS'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.646243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LR
U'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.646243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.646243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_
RESET'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.646243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX'

2016-02-06T13:23:14.647243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.647243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMPMEM'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.647243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP_RESET'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.647243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.647243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_LOCK_WAITS'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.648243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_LOCKS'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.648243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_TRX'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.648243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'InnoDB'
2016-02-06T13:23:14.648243Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2016-02-06T13:23:14.648243Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2016-02-06T13:23:14.748249Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Dumping buffer pool(s) to C:Progra
m FilesMySQLMySQL Server 5.7dataib_buffer_pool
2016-02-06T13:23:14.751249Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) dump completed at 16
0206 21:23:14
2016-02-06T13:23:16.137328Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence nu
mber 1210284
2016-02-06T13:23:16.138328Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Removed temporary tablespace data f
ile: "ibtmp1"
2016-02-06T13:23:16.138328Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MEMORY'
2016-02-06T13:23:16.138328Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'CSV'
2016-02-06T13:23:16.139328Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'sha256_password'
2016-02-06T13:23:16.139328Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_native_password
'
2016-02-06T13:23:16.139328Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'binlog'
2016-02-06T13:23:16.139328Z 0 [Note] mysqld: Shutdown complete

     原创文章，转载请注明:http://www.cnblogs.com/langtianya/p/5185577.html 

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    centos下mysql集群配置例子

    最后简单介绍一下主从复制和读写分离

           1 主从复制，是用来建立一个和主数据库完全一样的数据库环境，称为从数据库；主数据库一般是实时的业务数据库，从数据库的作用和使用场合一般有几个： 一是作为后备数据库，主数据库服务器故障后，可切换到从数据库继续工作； 二是可在从数据库作备份、数据统计等工作，这样不影响主数据库的性能；

           2 读写分离，是指读与写分别使用不同的数据库，当然一般是在不同服务器上的；在同一台服务器上的读写环境，估计只是用来测试吧。 一般读写的数据库环境配置为，一个写入的数据库，一个或多个读的数据库，各个数据库分别位于不同的服务器上，充分利用服务器性能和数据库性能；当然，其中 会涉及到如何保证读写数据库的数据一致，这个就可以利用主从复制技术来完成。 一般应用场合为：业务吞吐量很大

    相关：MYSQL主主切换(主库宕机)

    mysql一主多从宕机从库切换主继续和从同步教程
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/langtianya/p/5185577.html
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