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  • mysql生产环境常用命令

    唠唠mysql的连接数

    1.查看mysql的当前连接数

    [root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 status
    Uptime: 34070  Threads: 1  Questions: 8678  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 910  Flush tables: 43  Open tables: 4  Queries per second avg: 0.254
    Therads 打开的连接数

    mysql> show status like '%Thread%';
    +------------------------------------------+-------+
    | Variable_name                            | Value |
    +------------------------------------------+-------+
    | Delayed_insert_threads                   | 0     |
    | Performance_schema_thread_classes_lost   | 0     |
    | Performance_schema_thread_instances_lost | 0     |
    | Slow_launch_threads                      | 0     |
    | Threads_cached                           | 0     |
    | Threads_connected                        | 1     |
    | Threads_created                          | 4     |#创建的连接数
    | Threads_running                          | 1     |#打开的连接数
    +------------------------------------------+-------+
    8 rows in set (0.00 sec

    2.查看mysql允许的最大连接数

    mysql> show variables like '%max_connections%'+-----------------+-------+
    | Variable_name   | Value |
    +-----------------+-------+
    | max_connections | 151   |
    +-----------------+-------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    3.mysql连接数太多解决方案

    http://www.cnblogs.com/lazyball/p/7424243.html

    说说mysql的慢查询

    慢查询产生的原因一般是因为select设计的条件比较多,比如子查询之类的,数据库一直在插卡在哪里,别的语句也无法运行造成阻塞。开发也不是万能的,也会写一些 吊炸天的sql语句,一眼望去看不到结尾。

    1. 查看mysql里有哪些进程在运行

    mysql> show processlist; #默认一般显示100行  加上full显示的多
    +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
    | Id | User | Host      | db   | Command | Time | State | Info             |
    +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
    |  4 | root | localhost | NULL | Sleep   |  882 |       | NULL             |
    |  6 | root | localhost | NULL | Query   |    0 | NULL  | show processlist |
    +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
    2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> show full processlist;
    +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+
    | Id | User | Host      | db   | Command | Time | State | Info                  |
    +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+
    |  4 | root | localhost | NULL | Sleep   |  894 |       | NULL                  |
    |  6 | root | localhost | NULL | Query   |    0 | NULL  | show full processlist |
    +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+
    2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    [root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p processlist
    Enter password:
    +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
    | Id | User | Host      | db | Command | Time | State | Info             |
    +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
    | 4  | root | localhost |    | Sleep   | 1238 |       |                  |
    | 7  | root | localhost |    | Query   | 0    |       | show processlist |
    +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+

    参数解释:
    id       #ID标识,要kill一个语句的时候很有用
    use      #当前连接用户
    host     #显示这个连接从哪个ip的哪个端口上发出
    db       #数据库名
    command  #连接状态,一般是休眠(sleep),查询(query),连接(connect)
    time     #连接持续时间,单位是秒
    state    #显示当前sql语句的状态
    info     #显示这个sql语句

    ##慢查询发生的时候,state状态一般是 watting for table level lock 观察time 看是否运行的时间很久,紧急就杀死,不紧急找开发去,写的什么玩意(自己知道咋优化
    的话,找开发炫耀去)

    2. 紧急批量杀死mysql慢查询的脚本

     先说自己写的吧

    #!/bin/bash
    for id in `mysqladmin  -uxxx -h 192.168.1.1 -p'xxxx' processlist | grep Query | grep 'paigoushop' | grep 'Sending data'  |  awk '{print $2}'` 
            do 
                            mysqladmin  -uxxx -h 192.168.1.1 -p'xxx'  kill ${id} 
            done
    #grep有点多 为了准确定位到自己想杀死的sql

    下边这个是网上找的,我也没试过 放这里 万一以后自己用呢

    #!/bin/bash
    for i in `mysql -Bse 'show full processlist;' | grep -i select |grep -i "Waiting for table level lock" | awk  '{print $1}'`
    do
            mysql -Bse "kill  $i"
    done

    3. 开启慢查询日志记录

    总觉得上边的方法不太好,比较被动,对于一些不懂的人,又要骂运维了,我来学一下:“不,什么情况呀,小杨,你这数据库也太慢了吧,怎么搞得,赶紧给我查。”

    说起来都是泪呀,那就不说了。用事实说话,把sql语句拿出来,让开发好好看看写的什么玩意。

    3.11 查看是否开启慢查询记录

    mysql> show  variables like '%slow%';
    +---------------------+--------------------------------+
    | Variable_name       | Value                          |
    +---------------------+--------------------------------+
    | log_slow_queries    | ON # 均为on                           |
    | slow_launch_time    | 2  #超过两秒就是慢查询了                            |
    | slow_query_log      | ON  #                           |
    | slow_query_log_file | /data/mysql/localhost-slow.log |#慢查询文件路径
    +---------------------+--------------------------------+
    mysql> show  variables like '%long%';
    +---------------------------------------------------+-----------+
    | Variable_name                                     | Value     |
    +---------------------------------------------------+-----------+
    | long_query_time                                   | 2.000000  |#超过两秒就是慢查询了
    | max_long_data_size                                | 314572800 |
    | performance_schema_events_waits_history_long_size | 10000     |
    +---------------------------------------------------+-----------+

    3.12 命令行设置开启慢查询

    mysql> set global slow_query_log='ON';            //启用慢查询  
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.28 sec)  
    mysql
    > set global long_query_time=2; //设置成2秒,加上global,下次进mysql已然生效 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    3.13 在my.cnf里设置 需要重启mysql

    修改mysql的配置文件my.cnf

    在[mysqld]里面加上以下内容

    long_query_time = 2  #设置超过2s的即为慢查询sql了
    
    log-slow-queries = /usr/local/mysql/mysql-slow.log 

    4.mysqldumpslow分析慢查询日志的工具

    先大体看一下 效果

    显示执行时间最长的前两个
    [root@rac3 python]# mysqldumpslow  -s t -t 2 /opt/mysql/data/slowquery.log  
    Reading mysql slow query log from /opt/mysql/data/slowquery.log
    Count: 2  Time=412.54s (825s)  Lock=0.00s (0s)  Rows=1.0 (2), 
      select count(N) from sbtest ,t1 where t1.c=sbtest.c
    Count: 1  Time=778.20s (778s)  Lock=0.00s (0s)  Rows=1.0 (1), 
      select count(N) from  sbtest where sbtest.id not in ( select id from t1 )
    
    #显示次数最多的前两个
    [root@rac3 python]# mysqldumpslow -s c -t 2 /opt/mysql/data/slowquery.log Reading mysql slow query log from /opt/mysql/data/slowquery.log Count: 12 Time=0.00s (0s) Lock=0.00s (0s) Rows=1.0 (12), select count(N) from tab_1 Count: 2 Time=412.54s (825s) Lock=0.00s (0s) Rows=1.0 (2), select count(N) from sbtest ,t1 where t1.c=sbtest.c

    上述结果的解释:

    主要功能是, 统计不同慢 sql 的

    出现次数(Count),

    执行最长时间(Time),

    累计总耗费时间(Time()),

    等待锁的时间(Lock),

    发送给客户端的行总数(Rows),

    扫描的行总数(Rows())

    mysqldumpslow常用参数

    -s  排序ORDER     what to sort by (al, at, ar, c, l, r, t), 'at' is default
                    al: average lock time
                    ar: average rows sent
                    at: average query time
                     c: count  执行次数
                     l: lock time 锁定时间
                     r: rows sent 返回记录
                     t: query time  查询时间
    -t  NUM       just show the top n queries
    -g  PATTERN   grep: only consider stmts that include this string  就想grep一样 指定过滤的关键字
    可根据具体需求具体分析,例如:
    分析出使用频率最高的前50条慢sql:
    mysqldumpslow -s c -t 50 slow.log
    
    如只需分析处理速度最慢的10条sql:
    mysqldumpslow –s t  -t 10 slow.log
    
    [root@BlackGhost bin]# ./mysqldumpslow -s r -t 20 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-slow.log
    
    [root@BlackGhost bin]# ./mysqldumpslow -s r -t 20 -g 'count' /usr/local/mysql/mysql-slow.log

    查看mysql的状态

    show global status;
    或者
    mysqladmin -uroot -p extended-status

    参数解释 看

    https://blog.csdn.net/zhangjikuan/article/details/52263301#t120

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lazyball/p/8663624.html
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