UVA 12232 - Exclusive-OR
题意:有n个数字。一開始值都不知道,每次给定一个操作,I a v表示确认a值为v,I a b v,表示确认a^b = v,Q k a1 a2 a3 ... ak。表示推断这些数字的异或值是否能确定。能确定就输出值,假设有矛盾就停止
思路:带权并查集,权表示和父结点的异或值,那么多数推断的时候,仅仅要全部数字和他的父结点的异或值的异或值。假设父结点的个数是偶数个。那么依据异或的性质能抵消掉,是能够判定的。假设不为偶数,就是不能判定。
注意第一种操作,要加个小处理,就是多一个虚拟结点,保证虚拟结点始终为根。虚拟结点代表0。这样仅仅要连到虚拟结点上。第一种和另外一种操作事实上就是一样的了
代码:
#include <cstdio> #include <cstring> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; const int N = 20005; int n, qn, parent[N], val[N], vis[N]; struct query { char c; int a, b, v, k, x[20]; } q[2 * N]; int find(int x) { if (x == parent[x]) return x; int tmp = parent[x]; parent[x] = find(parent[x]); val[x] ^= val[tmp]; return parent[x]; } void init() { for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) { parent[i] = i; val[i] = 0; } char Q[105]; for (int i = 0; i < qn; i++) { scanf("%s", Q); q[i].c = Q[0]; int a, b, v; if (Q[0] == 'I') { gets(Q); if (sscanf(Q, "%d%d%d", &a, &b, &v) == 2) { v = b; b = n; } q[i].a = a; q[i].b = b; q[i].v = v; } else { scanf("%d", &q[i].k); for (int j = 0; j < q[i].k; j++) scanf("%d", &q[i].x[j]); } } } void solve() { int fir = 0; for (int i = 0; i < qn; i++) { if (q[i].c == 'I') { fir++; int pa = find(q[i].a); int pb = find(q[i].b); if (pa == n) swap(pa, pb); if (pa == pb) { if ((val[q[i].a]^val[q[i].b]) != q[i].v) { printf("The first %d facts are conflicting. ", fir); return; } } else { parent[pa] = pb; val[pa] = val[q[i].a]^val[q[i].b]^q[i].v; } } else { int ans = 0; for (int j = 0; j < q[i].k; j++) { int px = find(q[i].x[j]); ans ^= val[q[i].x[j]]; if (px != n) vis[px] ^= 1; } int flag = 1; for (int j = 0; j < q[i].k; j++) { if (vis[parent[q[i].x[j]]]) flag = 0; vis[parent[q[i].x[j]]] = 0; } if (flag) printf("%d ", ans); else printf("I don't know. "); } } } int main() { int cas = 0; while (~scanf("%d%d", &n, &qn) && n) { init(); printf("Case %d: ", ++cas); solve(); printf(" "); } return 0; }