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  • Spring3系列9- Spring AOP——Advice

    Spring3系列9- Spring AOP——Advice

     

      Spring AOP即Aspect-oriented programming,面向切面编程,是作为面向对象编程的一种补充,专门用于处理系统中分布于各个模块(不同方法)中的交叉关注点的问题。简单地说,就是一个拦截器(interceptor)拦截一些处理过程。例如,当一个method被执行,Spring AOP能够劫持正在运行的method,在method执行前或者后加入一些额外的功能。

     

    在Spring AOP中,支持4中类型的通知(Advice)

    Before advice      ——method执行前通知

    After returning advice ——method返回一个结果后通知

    After throwing advice – method抛出异常后通知

    Around advice – 环绕通知,结合了以上三种

     

    下边这个例子解释Spring AOP怎样工作。

    首先一个简单的不使用AOP的例子。

    先创建一个简单的Service,为了稍后演示,这个类中加了几个简单的打印method。

    CustomerService.java如下:

    package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;
    
    public class CustomerService {
    
        private String name;
        private String url;
     
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
     
        public void setUrl(String url) {
            this.url = url;
        }
     
        public void printName() {
            System.out.println("Customer name : " + this.name);
        }
     
        public void printURL() {
            System.out.println("Customer website : " + this.url);
        }
     
        public void printThrowException() {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
    
    }

    Xml配置文件Apring-AOP-Advice.xml如下:

    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
     
        <bean id="customerService" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.CustomerService">
            <property name="name" value="LeiOOLei" />
            <property name="url" value="http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/" />
        </bean>
     
    </beans>

     运行以下代码App.java:

    package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;
    
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    public class App {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ApplicationContext appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
                    new String[] { "Spring-AOP-Advice.xml" });
     
            CustomerService cust = (CustomerService) appContext.getBean("customerService");
     
            System.out.println("*************************");
            cust.printName();
            System.out.println("*************************");
            cust.printURL();
            System.out.println("*************************");
            try {
                cust.printThrowException();
            } catch (Exception e) {
     
            }
     
        }
    
    }

    运行结果:

    *************************

    Customer name : LeiOOLei

    *************************

    Customer website : http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/

    *************************

    1.      Before Advice

    创建一个实现了接口MethodBeforeAdvice的class,method运行前,将运行下边的代码

    HijackBeforeMethod.java如下:

    package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;
    
    import java.lang.reflect.Method;
    import org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice;
    
    public class HijackBeforeMethod implements MethodBeforeAdvice {
    
        public void before(Method arg0, Object[] args, Object target)
                throws Throwable {
            System.out.println("HijackBeforeMethod : Before method hijacked!");
            
        }
    
    }

     在配置文件中加入新的bean配置HijackBeforeMethod,然后创建一个新的代理(proxy),命名为customerServiceProxy

    “target”定义你想劫持哪个bean;

    “interceptorNames”定义你想用哪个class(advice)劫持target。

    Apring-AOP-Advice.xml如下:

    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
     
        <bean id="customerService" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.CustomerService">
            <property name="name" value="LeiOOLei" />
            <property name="url" value="http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/" />
        </bean>
        
        <bean id="hijackBeforeMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackBeforeMethod" />
     
        <bean id="customerServiceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
            <property name="target" ref="customerService" />
            <property name="interceptorNames">
                <list>
                    <value>hijackBeforeMethodBean</value>
                </list>
            </property>
        </bean>
     
    </beans>

    注意:

    用Spring proxy之前,必须添加CGLIB2类库,,以下是pom.xml依赖

      <dependency>
            <groupId>cglib</groupId>
            <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.2</version>
        </dependency>

     

    运行如下代码,注意代理

    App.java如下

    package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;
    
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    public class App {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ApplicationContext appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
                    new String[] { "Spring-AOP-Advice.xml" });
     
            CustomerService cust = (CustomerService) appContext.getBean("customerServiceProxy");
     
            System.out.println("使用Spring AOP 如下");
            System.out.println("*************************");
            cust.printName();
            System.out.println("*************************");
            cust.printURL();
            System.out.println("*************************");
            
            try {
                cust.printThrowException();
            } catch (Exception e) {
     
            }
     
        }
    
    }

    输出结果:

    使用Spring AOP 如下

    *************************

    HijackBeforeMethod : Before method hijacked!

    Customer name : LeiOOLei

    *************************

    HijackBeforeMethod : Before method hijacked!

    Customer website : http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/

    *************************

    HijackBeforeMethod : Before method hijacked!

     

    每一个customerService的method运行前,都将先执行HijackBeforeMethod的before方法。

    2.      After Returning Advice

    创建一个实现了接口AfterReturningAdvice的class,method运行后,直到返回结果后,才运行下边的代码,如果没有返回结果,将不运行切入的代码。

    HijackAfterMethod.java如下:

    package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;
    
    import java.lang.reflect.Method;
    import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice;
    
    public class HijackAfterMethod implements AfterReturningAdvice {
    
        public void afterReturning(Object returnValue, Method method, Object[] args,
                Object target) throws Throwable {
            System.out.println("HijackAfterMethod : After method hijacked!");
    
        }
    
    }

    修改bean配置文件,加入hijackAfterMethodBean配置,Apring-AOP-Advice.xml如下:

    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
     
        <bean id="customerService" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.CustomerService">
            <property name="name" value="LeiOOLei" />
            <property name="url" value="http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/" />
        </bean>
        
        <bean id="hijackBeforeMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackBeforeMethod" />
        <bean id="hijackAfterMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackAfterMethod" />
     
        <bean id="customerServiceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
            <property name="target" ref="customerService" />
            <property name="interceptorNames">
                <list>
                    <value>hijackAfterMethodBean</value>
                </list>
            </property>
        </bean>
     
    </beans>

    现在再运行App.java后输出如下:

    使用Spring AOP 如下

    *************************

    Customer name : LeiOOLei

    HijackAfterMethod : After method hijacked!

    *************************

    Customer website : http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/

    HijackAfterMethod : After method hijacked!

    *************************

     

    可以看到输出结果,每一个customerService的method运行返回结果后,都将再执行HijackAfterMethodafterReturning方法。但是执行到cust.printThrowException()后,直接抛出异常,方法没有正常执行完毕(或者说没有返回结果),所以不运行切入的afterReturning方法。

     

    3.      Afetr Throwing Advice

    创建一个实现了ThrowsAdvice接口的class,劫持IllegalArgumentException异常,目标method运行时,抛出IllegalArgumentException异常后,运行切入的方法。

    HijackThrowException.java如下:

    package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;
    
    import org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice;
    
    import sun.awt.SunToolkit.IllegalThreadException;
    
    public class HijackThrowException implements ThrowsAdvice {
    
        public void afterThrowing(IllegalArgumentException e) throws Throwable {
            System.out.println("HijackThrowException : Throw exception hijacked!");
        }
    
    }

    修改bean配置文件,加入了hijackThrowExceptionBean,Apring-AOP-Advice.xml如下:

    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
     
        <bean id="customerService" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.CustomerService">
            <property name="name" value="LeiOOLei" />
            <property name="url" value="http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/" />
        </bean>
        
        <bean id="hijackBeforeMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackBeforeMethod" />
        <bean id="hijackAfterMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackAfterMethod" />
        <bean id="hijackThrowExceptionBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackThrowException" />
     
        <bean id="customerServiceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
            <property name="target" ref="customerService" />
            <property name="interceptorNames">
                <list>
                    <value>hijackThrowExceptionBean</value>
                </list>
            </property>
        </bean>
     
    </beans>

    运行结果如下:

    使用Spring AOP 如下

    *************************

    Customer name : LeiOOLei

    *************************

    Customer website : http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/

    *************************

    HijackThrowException : Throw exception hijacked!

     

    当运行CustomerService中的printThrowException方法时,认为的抛出IllegalArgumentException异常,被HijackThrowException截获,运行其中的afterThrowing方法。注意,如果抛出异常不是IllegalArgumentException,则不能被截获。

     

    4.      Around Advice

    结合了以上3种形式的Advice,创建一个实现了接口MethodInterceptor的class,你必须通过methodInvocation.proceed()来调用原来的方法,即通过调用methodInvocation.proceed()来调用CustomerService中的每一个方法,当然也可以不调用原方法。

    HijackAroundMethod.java如下:

    package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;
    
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
    import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;
    
    public class HijackAroundMethod implements MethodInterceptor {
    
        public Object invoke(MethodInvocation methodInvocation) throws Throwable {
            System.out.println("Method name : "
                    + methodInvocation.getMethod().getName());
            System.out.println("Method arguments : "
                    + Arrays.toString(methodInvocation.getArguments()));
     
            // 相当于  MethodBeforeAdvice
            System.out.println("HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked!");
     
            try {
                // 调用原方法,即调用CustomerService中的方法
                Object result = methodInvocation.proceed();
     
                // 相当于 AfterReturningAdvice
                System.out.println("HijackAroundMethod : After method hijacked!");
     
                return result;
     
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                // 相当于 ThrowsAdvice
                System.out.println("HijackAroundMethod : Throw exception hijacked!");
                throw e;
            }
        }
    
    }

    修改bean配置文件,加入了hijackAroundMethodBean,Apring-AOP-Advice.xml如下:

    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
     
        <bean id="customerService" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.CustomerService">
            <property name="name" value="LeiOOLei" />
            <property name="url" value="http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/" />
        </bean>
        
        <bean id="hijackBeforeMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackBeforeMethod" />
        <bean id="hijackAfterMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackAfterMethod" />
        <bean id="hijackThrowExceptionBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackThrowException" />
        <bean id="hijackAroundMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackAroundMethod" />
     
        <bean id="customerServiceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
            <property name="target" ref="customerService" />
            <property name="interceptorNames">
                <list>
                    <value>hijackAroundMethodBean</value>
                </list>
            </property>
        </bean>
     
    </beans>

    执行App.java,输出结果:

    使用Spring AOP 如下

    *************************

    Method name : printName

    Method arguments : []

    HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked!

    Customer name : LeiOOLei

    HijackAroundMethod : After method hijacked!

    *************************

    Method name : printURL

    Method arguments : []

    HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked!

    Customer website : http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/

    HijackAroundMethod : After method hijacked!

    *************************

    Method name : printThrowException

    Method arguments : []

    HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked!

    HijackAroundMethod : Throw exception hijacked!

     

    CustomerService中每一个方法的调用,都会执行HijackAroundMethod中的invoke方法,可以看到整个切入点将目标around。

     

    大多数的Spring开发者只用Around Advice,因为它能够实现所有类型的Advice。在实际的项目开发中,我们还是要尽量选择适合的Advice。

           在以上的例子中,CustomerService中的所有方法都被自动拦截,但是大多数情况下,我们不需要拦截一个class中的所有方法,而是拦截符合条件的方法。这时,我们就需要用到Pointcut and Advice,即切入点和通知,以后的章节中会逐渐介绍。

     

     

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/p/3556054.html
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