参考
https://www.cnblogs.com/wanmeishenghuo/tag/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/
https://blog.51cto.com/13475106/category6.html
这一节我们来研究从核心代码特权级转移到应用代码特权级。
首先将boot.asm贴出来如下:
org 0x7c00 jmp short start nop define: BaseOfStack equ 0x7c00 BaseOfLoader equ 0x9000 RootEntryOffset equ 19 RootEntryLength equ 14 EntryItemLength equ 32 FatEntryOffset equ 1 FatEntryLength equ 9 header: BS_OEMName db "D.T.Soft" BPB_BytsPerSec dw 512 BPB_SecPerClus db 1 BPB_RsvdSecCnt dw 1 BPB_NumFATs db 2 BPB_RootEntCnt dw 224 BPB_TotSec16 dw 2880 BPB_Media db 0xF0 BPB_FATSz16 dw 9 BPB_SecPerTrk dw 18 BPB_NumHeads dw 2 BPB_HiddSec dd 0 BPB_TotSec32 dd 0 BS_DrvNum db 0 BS_Reserved1 db 0 BS_BootSig db 0x29 BS_VolID dd 0 BS_VolLab db "D.T.OS-0.01" BS_FileSysType db "FAT12 " start: mov ax, cs mov ss, ax mov ds, ax mov es, ax mov sp, BaseOfStack mov ax, RootEntryOffset mov cx, RootEntryLength mov bx, Buf call ReadSector mov si, Target mov cx, TarLen mov dx, 0 call FindEntry cmp dx, 0 jz output mov si, bx mov di, EntryItem mov cx, EntryItemLength call MemCpy mov ax, FatEntryLength mov cx, [BPB_BytsPerSec] mul cx mov bx, BaseOfLoader sub bx, ax mov ax, FatEntryOffset mov cx, FatEntryLength call ReadSector mov dx, [EntryItem + 0x1A] mov si, BaseOfLoader loading: mov ax, dx add ax, 31 mov cx, 1 push dx push bx mov bx, si call ReadSector pop bx pop cx call FatVec cmp dx, 0xFF7 jnb BaseOfLoader add si, 512 jmp loading output: mov bp, MsgStr mov cx, MsgLen call Print last: hlt jmp last ; cx --> index ; bx --> fat table address ; ; return: ; dx --> fat[index] FatVec: mov ax, cx mov cl, 2 div cl push ax mov ah, 0 mov cx, 3 mul cx mov cx, ax pop ax cmp ah, 0 jz even jmp odd even: ; FatVec[j] = ( (Fat[i+1] & 0x0F) << 8 ) | Fat[i]; mov dx, cx add dx, 1 add dx, bx mov bp, dx mov dl, byte [bp] and dl, 0x0F shl dx, 8 add cx, bx mov bp, cx or dl, byte [bp] jmp return odd: ; FatVec[j+1] = (Fat[i+2] << 4) | ( (Fat[i+1] >> 4) & 0x0F ); mov dx, cx add dx, 2 add dx, bx mov bp, dx mov dl, byte [bp] mov dh, 0 shl dx, 4 add cx, 1 add cx, bx mov bp, cx mov cl, byte [bp] shr cl, 4 and cl, 0x0F mov ch, 0 or dx, cx return: ret ; ds:si --> source ; es:di --> destination ; cx --> length MemCpy: cmp si, di ja btoe add si, cx add di, cx dec si dec di jmp etob btoe: cmp cx, 0 jz done mov al, [si] mov byte [di], al inc si inc di dec cx jmp btoe etob: cmp cx, 0 jz done mov al, [si] mov byte [di], al dec si dec di dec cx jmp etob done: ret ; es:bx --> root entry offset address ; ds:si --> target string ; cx --> target length ; ; return: ; (dx !=0 ) ? exist : noexist ; exist --> bx is the target entry FindEntry: push cx mov dx, [BPB_RootEntCnt] mov bp, sp find: cmp dx, 0 jz noexist mov di, bx mov cx, [bp] push si call MemCmp pop si cmp cx, 0 jz exist add bx, 32 dec dx jmp find exist: noexist: pop cx ret ; ds:si --> source ; es:di --> destination ; cx --> length ; ; return: ; (cx == 0) ? equal : noequal MemCmp: compare: cmp cx, 0 jz equal mov al, [si] cmp al, byte [di] jz goon jmp noequal goon: inc si inc di dec cx jmp compare equal: noequal: ret ; es:bp --> string address ; cx --> string length Print: mov dx, 0 mov ax, 0x1301 mov bx, 0x0007 int 0x10 ret ; no parameter ResetFloppy: mov ah, 0x00 mov dl, [BS_DrvNum] int 0x13 ret ; ax --> logic sector number ; cx --> number of sector ; es:bx --> target address ReadSector: call ResetFloppy push bx push cx mov bl, [BPB_SecPerTrk] div bl mov cl, ah add cl, 1 mov ch, al shr ch, 1 mov dh, al and dh, 1 mov dl, [BS_DrvNum] pop ax pop bx mov ah, 0x02 read: int 0x13 jc read ret MsgStr db "No LOADER ..." MsgLen equ ($-MsgStr) Target db "LOADER " TarLen equ ($-Target) EntryItem times EntryItemLength db 0x00 Buf: times 510-($-$$) db 0x00 db 0x55, 0xaa
inc.asm如下:
; Segment Attribute DA_32 equ 0x4000 DA_DR equ 0x90 DA_DRW equ 0x92 DA_DRWA equ 0x93 DA_C equ 0x98 DA_CR equ 0x9A DA_CCO equ 0x9C DA_CCOR equ 0x9E ; Segment Privilege DA_DPL0 equ 0x00 ; DPL = 0 DA_DPL1 equ 0x20 ; DPL = 1 DA_DPL2 equ 0x40 ; DPL = 2 DA_DPL3 equ 0x60 ; DPL = 3 ; Special Attribute DA_LDT equ 0x82 DA_TaskGate equ 0x85 ; DA_386TSS equ 0x89 ; DA_386CGate equ 0x8C ; DA_386IGate equ 0x8E ; DA_386tgATE equ 0x8F ; ; Selector Attribute SA_RPL0 equ 0 SA_RPL1 equ 1 SA_RPL2 equ 2 SA_RPL3 equ 3 SA_TIG equ 0 SA_TIL equ 4 ; 描述符 ; usage: Descriptor Base, Limit, Attr ; Base: dd ; Limit: dd (low 20 bits available) ; Attr: dw (lower 4 bits of higher byte are always 0) %macro Descriptor 3 ; 段基址, 段界限, 段属性 dw %2 & 0xFFFF ; 段界限1 dw %1 & 0xFFFF ; 段基址1 db (%1 >> 16) & 0xFF ; 段基址2 dw ((%2 >> 8) & 0xF00) | (%3 & 0xF0FF) ; 属性1 + 段界限2 + 属性2 db (%1 >> 24) & 0xFF ; 段基址3 %endmacro ; 共 8 字节 ;Gate ; usage : Gate Selector, Offset, DCount, Attr ; Selector : dw ; Offset : dd ; DCount : db ; Attr : db %macro Gate 4 dw (%2 & 0xFFFF) ; pianyidizhi1 dw %1 ; xuanzezi dw (%3 & 0x1F) | ((%4 << 8) & 0xFF00) ; shu xing dw ((%2 >> 16) & 0xFFFF) ; pianyidizhi2 %endmacro
loader.asm例子如下:
%include "inc.asm" org 0x9000 jmp ENTRY_SEGMENT [section .gdt] ; GDT definition ; 段基址, 段界限, 段属性 GDT_ENTRY : Descriptor 0, 0, 0 CODE32_DESC : Descriptor 0, Code32SegLen - 1, DA_C + DA_32 + DA_DPL0 VIDEO_DESC : Descriptor 0xB8000, 0x07FFF, DA_DRWA + DA_32 + DA_DPL0 DATA32_DESC : Descriptor 0, Data32SegLen - 1, DA_DR + DA_32 + DA_DPL0 STACK32_DESC : Descriptor 0, TopOfStack32, DA_DRW + DA_32 + DA_DPL0 FUNCTION_DESC : Descriptor 0, FunctionSegLen - 1, DA_C + DA_32 + DA_DPL0 TASK_A_LDT_DESC : Descriptor 0, TaskALdtLen - 1, DA_LDT + DA_DPL0 ; GDT end GdtLen equ $ - GDT_ENTRY GdtPtr: dw GdtLen - 1 dd 0 ; GDT Selector Code32Selector equ (0x0001 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 VideoSelector equ (0x0002 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 Data32Selector equ (0x0003 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 Stack32Selector equ (0x0004 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 FunctionSelector equ (0x0005 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 TaskALdtSelector equ (0x0006 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 ; end of [section .gdt] TopOfStack16 equ 0x7c00 [section .s16] [bits 16] ENTRY_SEGMENT: mov ax, cs mov ds, ax mov es, ax mov ss, ax mov sp, TopOfStack16 ; initialize GDT for 32 bits code segment mov esi, CODE32_SEGMENT mov edi, CODE32_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, DATA32_SEGMENT mov edi, DATA32_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, STACK32_SEGMENT mov edi, STACK32_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, FUNCTION_SEGMENT mov edi, FUNCTION_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, TASK_A_LDT_ENTRY mov edi, TASK_A_LDT_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, TASK_A_DATA32_SEGMENT mov edi, TASK_A_DATA32_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, TASK_A_CODE32_SEGMENT mov edi, TASK_A_CODE32_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, TASK_A_STACK32_SEGMENT mov edi, TASK_A_STACK32_DESC call InitDescItem ; initialize GDT pointer struct mov eax, 0 mov ax, ds shl eax, 4 add eax, GDT_ENTRY mov dword [GdtPtr + 2], eax ; 1. load GDT lgdt [GdtPtr] ; 2. close interrupt cli ; 3. open A20 in al, 0x92 or al, 00000010b out 0x92, al ; 4. enter protect mode mov eax, cr0 or eax, 0x01 mov cr0, eax ; 5. jump to 32 bits code jmp dword Code32Selector : 0 ; esi --> code segment label ; edi --> descriptor label InitDescItem: push eax mov eax, 0 mov ax, cs shl eax, 4 add eax, esi mov word [edi + 2], ax shr eax, 16 mov byte [edi + 4], al mov byte [edi + 7], ah pop eax ret [section .dat] [bits 32] DATA32_SEGMENT: DTOS db "D.T.OS!", 0 DTOS_OFFSET equ DTOS - $$ Data32SegLen equ $ - DATA32_SEGMENT [section .s32] [bits 32] CODE32_SEGMENT: mov ax, VideoSelector mov gs, ax mov ax, Data32Selector mov ds, ax mov ax, Stack32Selector mov ss, ax mov eax, TopOfStack32 mov esp, eax mov ebp, DTOS_OFFSET mov bx, 0x0c mov dh, 12 mov dl, 33 call FunctionSelector : PrintString mov ax, TaskALdtSelector lldt ax push TaskAStack32Selector push TaskATopOfStack32 push TaskACode32Selector push 0 retf jmp $ Code32SegLen equ $ - CODE32_SEGMENT [section .gs] [bits 32] STACK32_SEGMENT: times 1024 * 4 db 0 Stack32SegLen equ $ - STACK32_SEGMENT TopOfStack32 equ Stack32SegLen - 1 ; ====================================== ; ; Global Function Segment ; ; ====================================== [section .func] [bits 32] FUNCTION_SEGMENT: ; ds:ebp --> string address ; bx --> attribute ; dx --> dh : row, dl : col PrintStringFunc: push ebp push eax push edi push cx push dx print: mov cl, [ds:ebp] cmp cl, 0 je end mov eax, 80 mul dh add al, dl shl eax, 1 mov edi, eax mov ah, bl mov al, cl mov [gs:edi], ax inc ebp inc dl jmp print end: pop dx pop cx pop edi pop eax pop ebp retf PrintString equ PrintStringFunc - $$ FunctionSegLen equ $ - FUNCTION_SEGMENT ; ================================== ; ; Task A Code Segment ; ;=================================== [section .task-a-ldt] ; Task A LDT definition ; ¶Î»ùÖ· ¶ÎœçÏÞ ¶ÎÊôÐÔ TASK_A_LDT_ENTRY: TASK_A_CODE32_DESC : Descriptor 0, TaskACode32SegLen - 1, DA_C + DA_32 + DA_DPL3 TASK_A_DATA32_DESC : Descriptor 0, TaskAData32SegLen - 1, DA_DR + DA_32 + DA_DPL3 TASK_A_STACK32_DESC : Descriptor 0, TaskAStack32SegLen - 1, DA_DRW + DA_32 + DA_DPL3 TaskALdtLen equ $ - TASK_A_LDT_ENTRY ; Task A LDT Selector TaskACode32Selector equ (0x0000 << 3) + SA_TIL + SA_RPL3 TaskAData32Selector equ (0x0001 << 3) + SA_TIL + SA_RPL3 TaskAStack32Selector equ (0x0002 << 3) + SA_TIL + SA_RPL3 [section .task-a-dat] [bits 32] TASK_A_DATA32_SEGMENT: TASK_A_STRING db "This is Task A", 0 TASK_A_STRING_OFFSET equ TASK_A_STRING - $$ TaskAData32SegLen equ $ - TASK_A_DATA32_SEGMENT [section .task-a-gs] [bits 32] TASK_A_STACK32_SEGMENT: times 1024 db 0 TaskAStack32SegLen equ $ - TASK_A_STACK32_SEGMENT TaskATopOfStack32 equ TaskAStack32SegLen - 1 [section .task-a-s32] [bits 32] TASK_A_CODE32_SEGMENT: mov ax, TaskAData32Selector mov ds, ax jmp $ TaskACode32SegLen equ $ - TASK_A_CODE32_SEGMENT
第10-16行我们定义的段描述符特权级都是0,处理器从实模式跳转到保护模式后进入的是核心特权级0,进入32位的保护模式后首先执行的是144行的程序,我们首先将一些段选择子放在段寄存器中,157-162行调用了函数进行打印,这个FUNCTION_SEGMENT段也是在特权级0,所以这时候的打印不涉及特权级的转移。
164-166行将任务段的选择子加载进CPU的特殊寄存器中,168-170将任务段的栈段选择子、栈顶地址、任务段的代码段选择子压入高特权级的栈中,第171行压入的0指的是偏移地址,第172行的retf远跳转返回的作用是使处理器从核心特权级0跳转到普通特权级3。跳转的时候处理器会自动的在核心态的栈中加载我们刚刚存进去的值到相应的寄存器中,然后程序就到了275行的任务段中的代码段执行。
为了单步执行我们先使用如下命令对loader可执行程序进行反编译:
ndisasm -b 32 -o 0x9000 loader > loader.txt
-b 32是以32位的方式进行反编译。
在反编译得到文件中我们找到lldt所在的位置,断点就打在这里:
启动bochs,使用break 0x915D打上断点。
输入c执行到断点处,结果如下:
可以看到下一条指令就是 lldt ax,继续单步执行:
单步执行并使用sreg查看寄存器信息,可以看到cs中的值是0x0008,可知最后两位是00,这时处于核心特权级0。
继续单步执行:
retf执行完之后再次使用retf查看寄存器的值,可以看到cs的之变成了0x0007,最后两位是11,这说明特权级变为了3。
继续单步执行:
程序转移到了276行的地方。
继续进行实验,我们我特权级3模拟一个内核函数调用,这就涉及到了低特权级到高特权级的转移,初步给出程序如下:
%include "inc.asm" org 0x9000 jmp ENTRY_SEGMENT [section .gdt] ; GDT definition ; 段基址, 段界限, 段属性 GDT_ENTRY : Descriptor 0, 0, 0 CODE32_DESC : Descriptor 0, Code32SegLen - 1, DA_C + DA_32 + DA_DPL0 VIDEO_DESC : Descriptor 0xB8000, 0x07FFF, DA_DRWA + DA_32 + DA_DPL0 DATA32_DESC : Descriptor 0, Data32SegLen - 1, DA_DR + DA_32 + DA_DPL0 STACK32_DESC : Descriptor 0, TopOfStack32, DA_DRW + DA_32 + DA_DPL0 FUNCTION_DESC : Descriptor 0, FunctionSegLen - 1, DA_C + DA_32 + DA_DPL0 TASK_A_LDT_DESC : Descriptor 0, TaskALdtLen - 1, DA_LDT + DA_DPL0 ; call Gate ; selector offset canshugeshu attr FUNC_PRINTSTRING_DESC : Gate FunctionSelector, PrintString, 0, DA_386CGate + DA_DPL3 ; GDT end GdtLen equ $ - GDT_ENTRY GdtPtr: dw GdtLen - 1 dd 0 ; GDT Selector Code32Selector equ (0x0001 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 VideoSelector equ (0x0002 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 Data32Selector equ (0x0003 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 Stack32Selector equ (0x0004 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 FunctionSelector equ (0x0005 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 TaskALdtSelector equ (0x0006 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 ; Gate selector FuncPrintStringSelector equ (0x0007 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 ; end of [section .gdt] TopOfStack16 equ 0x7c00 [section .s16] [bits 16] ENTRY_SEGMENT: mov ax, cs mov ds, ax mov es, ax mov ss, ax mov sp, TopOfStack16 ; initialize GDT for 32 bits code segment mov esi, CODE32_SEGMENT mov edi, CODE32_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, DATA32_SEGMENT mov edi, DATA32_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, STACK32_SEGMENT mov edi, STACK32_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, FUNCTION_SEGMENT mov edi, FUNCTION_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, TASK_A_LDT_ENTRY mov edi, TASK_A_LDT_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, TASK_A_DATA32_SEGMENT mov edi, TASK_A_DATA32_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, TASK_A_CODE32_SEGMENT mov edi, TASK_A_CODE32_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, TASK_A_STACK32_SEGMENT mov edi, TASK_A_STACK32_DESC call InitDescItem ; initialize GDT pointer struct mov eax, 0 mov ax, ds shl eax, 4 add eax, GDT_ENTRY mov dword [GdtPtr + 2], eax ; 1. load GDT lgdt [GdtPtr] ; 2. close interrupt cli ; 3. open A20 in al, 0x92 or al, 00000010b out 0x92, al ; 4. enter protect mode mov eax, cr0 or eax, 0x01 mov cr0, eax ; 5. jump to 32 bits code jmp dword Code32Selector : 0 ; esi --> code segment label ; edi --> descriptor label InitDescItem: push eax mov eax, 0 mov ax, cs shl eax, 4 add eax, esi mov word [edi + 2], ax shr eax, 16 mov byte [edi + 4], al mov byte [edi + 7], ah pop eax ret [section .dat] [bits 32] DATA32_SEGMENT: DTOS db "D.T.OS!", 0 DTOS_OFFSET equ DTOS - $$ Data32SegLen equ $ - DATA32_SEGMENT [section .s32] [bits 32] CODE32_SEGMENT: mov ax, VideoSelector mov gs, ax mov ax, Data32Selector mov ds, ax mov ax, Stack32Selector mov ss, ax mov eax, TopOfStack32 mov esp, eax mov ebp, DTOS_OFFSET mov bx, 0x0c mov dh, 12 mov dl, 33 call FunctionSelector : PrintString mov ax, TaskALdtSelector lldt ax push TaskAStack32Selector push TaskATopOfStack32 push TaskACode32Selector push 0 retf Code32SegLen equ $ - CODE32_SEGMENT [section .gs] [bits 32] STACK32_SEGMENT: times 1024 * 4 db 0 Stack32SegLen equ $ - STACK32_SEGMENT TopOfStack32 equ Stack32SegLen - 1 ; ====================================== ; ; Global Function Segment ; ; ====================================== [section .func] [bits 32] FUNCTION_SEGMENT: ; ds:ebp --> string address ; bx --> attribute ; dx --> dh : row, dl : col PrintStringFunc: push ebp push eax push edi push cx push dx print: mov cl, [ds:ebp] cmp cl, 0 je end mov eax, 80 mul dh add al, dl shl eax, 1 mov edi, eax mov ah, bl mov al, cl mov [gs:edi], ax inc ebp inc dl jmp print end: pop dx pop cx pop edi pop eax pop ebp retf PrintString equ PrintStringFunc - $$ FunctionSegLen equ $ - FUNCTION_SEGMENT ; ================================== ; ; Task A Code Segment ; ;=================================== [section .task-a-ldt] ; Task A LDT definition ; ¶Î»ùÖ· ¶ÎœçÏÞ ¶ÎÊôÐÔ TASK_A_LDT_ENTRY: TASK_A_CODE32_DESC : Descriptor 0, TaskACode32SegLen - 1, DA_C + DA_32 + DA_DPL3 TASK_A_DATA32_DESC : Descriptor 0, TaskAData32SegLen - 1, DA_DR + DA_32 + DA_DPL3 TASK_A_STACK32_DESC : Descriptor 0, TaskAStack32SegLen - 1, DA_DRW + DA_32 + DA_DPL3 TaskALdtLen equ $ - TASK_A_LDT_ENTRY ; Task A LDT Selector TaskACode32Selector equ (0x0000 << 3) + SA_TIL + SA_RPL3 TaskAData32Selector equ (0x0001 << 3) + SA_TIL + SA_RPL3 TaskAStack32Selector equ (0x0002 << 3) + SA_TIL + SA_RPL3 [section .task-a-dat] [bits 32] TASK_A_DATA32_SEGMENT: TASK_A_STRING db "This is Task A", 0 TASK_A_STRING_OFFSET equ TASK_A_STRING - $$ TaskAData32SegLen equ $ - TASK_A_DATA32_SEGMENT [section .task-a-gs] [bits 32] TASK_A_STACK32_SEGMENT: times 1024 db 0 TaskAStack32SegLen equ $ - TASK_A_STACK32_SEGMENT TaskATopOfStack32 equ TaskAStack32SegLen - 1 [section .task-a-s32] [bits 32] TASK_A_CODE32_SEGMENT: mov ax, TaskAData32Selector mov ds, ax mov ebp, TASK_A_STRING_OFFSET mov bx, 0x0c mov dh, 14 mov dl, 29 call FuncPrintStringSelector : 0 jmp $ TaskACode32SegLen equ $ - TASK_A_CODE32_SEGMENT
第19行添加了调用门的描述符,偏移位置是PrintString,第39行添加了调用门的选择子。
然后我们在TASKA任务段模拟内核函数的调用,也就是在第281行这里开始,先将任务段中的数据段加载进数据段寄存器ds。
第284行将字符串的偏移放到ebp寄存器里面,这相当于先在用户空间把参数准备好,第289行即通过调用门执行了这个调用,但是实验结果显示,程序崩溃了。
这是为什么呢?
特权级转移的时候栈会变化。
因为从低特权级到高特权级的跳转需要将栈切换到高特权级的栈,这个高特权级的栈去哪里找呢?去TSS段里面去找,这个段里面保存了栈的一些信息,但是现在我们的TSS并没有准备好,所以出错了,对程序进行改进。
TSS段本质也是一段内存。
改进的程序如下:
%include "inc.asm" org 0x9000 jmp ENTRY_SEGMENT [section .gdt] ; GDT definition ; 段基址, 段界限, 段属性 GDT_ENTRY : Descriptor 0, 0, 0 CODE32_DESC : Descriptor 0, Code32SegLen - 1, DA_C + DA_32 + DA_DPL0 VIDEO_DESC : Descriptor 0xB8000, 0x07FFF, DA_DRWA + DA_32 + DA_DPL0 DATA32_DESC : Descriptor 0, Data32SegLen - 1, DA_DR + DA_32 + DA_DPL0 STACK32_DESC : Descriptor 0, TopOfStack32, DA_DRW + DA_32 + DA_DPL0 FUNCTION_DESC : Descriptor 0, FunctionSegLen - 1, DA_C + DA_32 + DA_DPL0 TASK_A_LDT_DESC : Descriptor 0, TaskALdtLen - 1, DA_LDT + DA_DPL0 TSS_DESC : Descriptor 0, TSSLen - 1, DA_386TSS + DA_DPL0 ; call Gate ; selector offset canshugeshu attr FUNC_PRINTSTRING_DESC : Gate FunctionSelector, PrintString, 0, DA_386CGate + DA_DPL3 ; GDT end GdtLen equ $ - GDT_ENTRY GdtPtr: dw GdtLen - 1 dd 0 ; GDT Selector Code32Selector equ (0x0001 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 VideoSelector equ (0x0002 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 Data32Selector equ (0x0003 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 Stack32Selector equ (0x0004 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 FunctionSelector equ (0x0005 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 TaskALdtSelector equ (0x0006 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 TSSSelector equ (0x0007 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL0 ; Gate selector FuncPrintStringSelector equ (0x0008 << 3) + SA_TIG + SA_RPL3 ; end of [section .gdt] [section .tss] [bits 32] TSS_SEGMENT: dd 0 dd TopOfStack32 ; 0 dd Stack32Selector ; dd 0 ; 1 dd 0 ; dd 0 ; 2 dd 0 ; times 4*18 dd 0 dw 0 dw $ - TSS_SEGMENT + 2 db 0xFF TSSLen equ $ - TSS_SEGMENT TopOfStack16 equ 0x7c00 [section .s16] [bits 16] ENTRY_SEGMENT: mov ax, cs mov ds, ax mov es, ax mov ss, ax mov sp, TopOfStack16 ; initialize GDT for 32 bits code segment mov esi, CODE32_SEGMENT mov edi, CODE32_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, DATA32_SEGMENT mov edi, DATA32_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, STACK32_SEGMENT mov edi, STACK32_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, FUNCTION_SEGMENT mov edi, FUNCTION_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, TASK_A_LDT_ENTRY mov edi, TASK_A_LDT_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, TASK_A_DATA32_SEGMENT mov edi, TASK_A_DATA32_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, TASK_A_CODE32_SEGMENT mov edi, TASK_A_CODE32_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, TASK_A_STACK32_SEGMENT mov edi, TASK_A_STACK32_DESC call InitDescItem mov esi, TSS_SEGMENT mov edi, TSS_DESC call InitDescItem ; initialize GDT pointer struct mov eax, 0 mov ax, ds shl eax, 4 add eax, GDT_ENTRY mov dword [GdtPtr + 2], eax ; 1. load GDT lgdt [GdtPtr] ; 2. close interrupt cli ; 3. open A20 in al, 0x92 or al, 00000010b out 0x92, al ; 4. enter protect mode mov eax, cr0 or eax, 0x01 mov cr0, eax ; 5. jump to 32 bits code jmp dword Code32Selector : 0 ; esi --> code segment label ; edi --> descriptor label InitDescItem: push eax mov eax, 0 mov ax, cs shl eax, 4 add eax, esi mov word [edi + 2], ax shr eax, 16 mov byte [edi + 4], al mov byte [edi + 7], ah pop eax ret [section .dat] [bits 32] DATA32_SEGMENT: DTOS db "D.T.OS!", 0 DTOS_OFFSET equ DTOS - $$ Data32SegLen equ $ - DATA32_SEGMENT [section .s32] [bits 32] CODE32_SEGMENT: mov ax, VideoSelector mov gs, ax mov ax, Data32Selector mov ds, ax mov ax, Stack32Selector mov ss, ax mov eax, TopOfStack32 mov esp, eax mov ebp, DTOS_OFFSET mov bx, 0x0c mov dh, 12 mov dl, 33 call FunctionSelector : PrintString mov ax, TSSSelector ltr ax mov ax, TaskALdtSelector lldt ax push TaskAStack32Selector push TaskATopOfStack32 push TaskACode32Selector push 0 retf Code32SegLen equ $ - CODE32_SEGMENT [section .gs] [bits 32] STACK32_SEGMENT: times 1024 * 4 db 0 Stack32SegLen equ $ - STACK32_SEGMENT TopOfStack32 equ Stack32SegLen - 1 ; ====================================== ; ; Global Function Segment ; ; ====================================== [section .func] [bits 32] FUNCTION_SEGMENT: ; ds:ebp --> string address ; bx --> attribute ; dx --> dh : row, dl : col PrintStringFunc: push ebp push eax push edi push cx push dx print: mov cl, [ds:ebp] cmp cl, 0 je end mov eax, 80 mul dh add al, dl shl eax, 1 mov edi, eax mov ah, bl mov al, cl mov [gs:edi], ax inc ebp inc dl jmp print end: pop dx pop cx pop edi pop eax pop ebp retf PrintString equ PrintStringFunc - $$ FunctionSegLen equ $ - FUNCTION_SEGMENT ; ================================== ; ; Task A Code Segment ; ;=================================== [section .task-a-ldt] ; Task A LDT definition ; ¶Î»ùÖ· ¶ÎœçÏÞ ¶ÎÊôÐÔ TASK_A_LDT_ENTRY: TASK_A_CODE32_DESC : Descriptor 0, TaskACode32SegLen - 1, DA_C + DA_32 + DA_DPL3 TASK_A_DATA32_DESC : Descriptor 0, TaskAData32SegLen - 1, DA_DR + DA_32 + DA_DPL3 TASK_A_STACK32_DESC : Descriptor 0, TaskAStack32SegLen - 1, DA_DRW + DA_32 + DA_DPL3 TaskALdtLen equ $ - TASK_A_LDT_ENTRY ; Task A LDT Selector TaskACode32Selector equ (0x0000 << 3) + SA_TIL + SA_RPL3 TaskAData32Selector equ (0x0001 << 3) + SA_TIL + SA_RPL3 TaskAStack32Selector equ (0x0002 << 3) + SA_TIL + SA_RPL3 [section .task-a-dat] [bits 32] TASK_A_DATA32_SEGMENT: TASK_A_STRING db "This is Task A", 0 TASK_A_STRING_OFFSET equ TASK_A_STRING - $$ TaskAData32SegLen equ $ - TASK_A_DATA32_SEGMENT [section .task-a-gs] [bits 32] TASK_A_STACK32_SEGMENT: times 1024 db 0 TaskAStack32SegLen equ $ - TASK_A_STACK32_SEGMENT TaskATopOfStack32 equ TaskAStack32SegLen - 1 [section .task-a-s32] [bits 32] TASK_A_CODE32_SEGMENT: mov ax, TaskAData32Selector mov ds, ax mov ebp, TASK_A_STRING_OFFSET mov bx, 0x0c mov dh, 14 mov dl, 29 call FuncPrintStringSelector : 0 jmp $ TaskACode32SegLen equ $ - TASK_A_CODE32_SEGMENT
TSS段本质也是一段内存,因此在44-59行我们定义了这个段,在这个段中,我们只定义了特权级0的栈的信息,特权级1和2的栈的信息赋值为0。
第17行定义了这个段的段描述符,第38行定义了这个段的选择子。
此外第20行的调用门的描述符的DPL要定义成3。
第40行的调用门的选择子的RPL也要定义成3。
在程序运行的时候不要忘了TSS段的段基址的初始化,这是在113-116行完成的。
在程序还在核心态特权级0的时候,还要将TSS加载进处理器内部的特殊寄存器中,194-196正是完成了这个操作,用到的指令时ltr。
进行完这些修改之后,我们再次执行程序,发现程序还是崩溃,进行单步执行操作:
首先使用如下指令进行反汇编:
ndisasm -b 32 -o 0x9000 loader > loader.txt
找到lldt后面的那个retf所在的位置:
位置为0x92DB。
打断点再次单步执行:
上图中马上要经过调用门了,继续单步执行:
通过调用门调用之后可以看到cs的值为0x0028,最后两位是00,到了核心态特权级0。
调用门之后程序到了232行的PrintStringFunc处,继续单步执行:
在第250行的程序之前程序还没有出错,继续单步执行第250行:
这时候程序崩溃了,产生了上图中的错误。
第250行的程序的本质是内存赋值,即从ax指向的内存复制到gs代表的内存,ax代表的内存由DS寄存器获得,上图中可以看到DS的rpl为3,而GS的rpl为0,这相当于从用户态向内核态赋值数据,这是一个很危险的操作,错误就出在了这里。
为了解决这个错误,我们将Vedio段描述符的dpl改为3:
选择子的rpl也改为3:
再次执行程序结果如下:
程序可以正常的执行了。
RPL究竟是什么?有什么用?
RPL的意义:
位置意义:
选择子或者段寄存器的最低两位。
请求意义:
资源请求的特权级(不同于当前特权级CPL)。
请求特权级表明了,请求这个资源的时候所使用的特权级是什么。
如果当前执行的代码段的CPL为0,那么是不是就可以访问任意的内存了呢?
这时候还取决于资源的请求特权级也即RPL,即使这时候CPL为0,但是如果RPL很低也是不能请求对应的资源的。
资源请求时:
CPL、RPL、DPL共同确定请求是否合法。
当前代码(CPL)-> 选择子(RPL) -> 数据段(DPL)。
小结:
TSS是通过调用门转移到高特权级的关键。
TSS是处理器的硬件数据结构,用于实现多任务。
TSS的结构遵循保护模式下的内存使用规则。
RPL在请求资源时是合法性判断的依据之一。
处理器使用CPL、RPL、DPL共同确定合法性。