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  • Oracle12c版本中未归档隐藏参数

    In this post, I will give a list of all undocumented parameters in Oracle 12.1.0.1c. Here is a query to see all the parameters (documented and undocumented) which contain the string you enter when prompted:

    – Enter name of the parameter when prompted

    SET linesize 235
    col Parameter FOR a50
    col SESSION FOR a28
    col Instance FOR a55
    col S FOR a1
    col I FOR a1
    col D FOR a1
    col Description FOR a90
    
    SELECT 
      a.ksppinm  "Parameter",
      decode(p.isses_modifiable,'FALSE',NULL,NULL,NULL,b.ksppstvl) "Session",
      c.ksppstvl "Instance",
      decode(p.isses_modifiable,'FALSE','F','TRUE','T') "S",
      decode(p.issys_modifiable,'FALSE','F','TRUE','T','IMMEDIATE','I','DEFERRED','D') "I",
      decode(p.isdefault,'FALSE','F','TRUE','T') "D",
      a.ksppdesc "Description"
    FROM x$ksppi a, x$ksppcv b, x$ksppsv c, v$parameter p
    WHERE a.indx = b.indx AND a.indx = c.indx
      AND p.name(+) = a.ksppinm
      AND UPPER(a.ksppinm) LIKE UPPER('%&1%')
    ORDER BY a.ksppinm;
    
    Enter value for 1:

    Here is the list of all (2984) undocumented parameters in Oracle 12.1.0.1c  :

    SQL>     col parameter for a15 word_wrapped
    col Description for a55 word_wrapped
    set pagesize 50000
    set linesize 80
    select upper(KSPPINM) parameter,   ' : ',
    KSPPDESC Description from x$ksppi
    where substr(ksppinm,1,1) = '_'order by 1,3;

    PARAMETER                     DESCRIPTION
    —————                        ——————————————————-
    _4030_DUMP_BITV  :  bitvec to specify dumps prior to 4030 error
    EC

    _4031_DUMP_BITV  :  bitvec to specify dumps prior to 4031 error
    EC

    _4031_DUMP_INTE  :  Dump 4031 error once for each n-second interval
    RVAL

    _4031_MAX_DUMPS  :  Maximum number of 4031 dumps for this process
    _4031_SGA_DUMP_  :  Dump 4031 SGA heapdump error once for each n-second
    INTERVAL            interval

    _4031_SGA_MAX_D  :  Maximum number of SGA heapdumps
    UMPS

    _ABORT_ON_MRP_C  :  abort database instance when MRP crashes
    RASH

    _ABORT_RECOVERY  :  if TRUE, abort recovery on join reconfigurations
    _ON_JOIN

    _ACCEPT_VERSION  :  List of parameters for rolling operation
    S

    _ACTIVE_INSTANC  :  number of active instances in the cluster database
    E_COUNT

    _ACTIVE_SESSION  :  active session idle limit
    _IDLE_LIMIT

    _ACTIVE_SESSION  :  active session legacy behavior
    _LEGACY_BEHAVIO
    R

    _ACTIVE_STANDBY  :  if TRUE optimize dlm reconfiguration for active/standby
    _FAST_RECONFIGU     OPS
    RATION

    _AC_ENABLE_DSCN  :  Enable Dependent Commit SCN tracking
    _IN_RAC

    _ADAPTIVE_DIREC  :  Adaptive Direct Read
    T_READ

    _ADAPTIVE_DIREC  :  Adaptive Direct Write
    T_WRITE

    _ADAPTIVE_FETCH  :  enable/disable adaptive fetch in parallel group by
    _ENABLED

    _ADAPTIVE_LOG_F  :  Threshold for frequent log file sync mode switches (per
    ILE_SYNC_HIGH_S     minute)
    WITCH_FREQ_THRE
    SHOLD

    _ADAPTIVE_LOG_F  :  Polling interval selection bias (conservative=0,
    ILE_SYNC_POLL_A     aggressive=100)
    GGRESSIVENESS

    _ADAPTIVE_LOG_F  :  Window (in seconds) for measuring average scheduling
    ILE_SYNC_SCHED_     delay
    DELAY_WINDOW

    _ADAPTIVE_LOG_F  :  Ratio of redo synch time to expected poll time as a
    ILE_SYNC_USE_PO     percentage
    LLING_THRESHOLD

    _ADAPTIVE_LOG_F  :  Percentage of foreground load from when post/wait was
    ILE_SYNC_USE_PO     last used
    STWAIT_THRESHOL
    D

    _ADAPTIVE_SCALA  :  Percentage of overlap across multiple outstanding
    BLE_LOG_WRITER_     writes
    DISABLE_WORKER_
    THRESHOLD

    _ADAPTIVE_SCALA  :  Increase in redo generation rate as a percentage
    BLE_LOG_WRITER_
    ENABLE_WORKER_T
    HRESHOLD

    _ADAPTIVE_WINDO  :  enable/disable adaptive window consolidator PX plan
    W_CONSOLIDATOR_
    ENABLED

    _ADDM_AUTO_ENAB  :  governs whether ADDM gets run automatically after every
    LE                  AWR snapshot

    _ADDM_SKIPRULES  :  comma-separated list of ADDM nodes to skip
    _ADDM_VERSION_C  :  governs whether ADDM checks the input AWR snapshot
    HECK                version

    _ADD_COL_OPTIM_  :  Allows new add column optimization
    ENABLED

    _ADD_NULLABLE_C  :  Allows add of a nullable column with default
    OLUMN_WITH_DEFA     optimization
    ULT_OPTIM

    _ADD_STALE_MV_T  :  add stale mv to dependency list
    O_DEPENDENCY_LI
    ST

    _ADD_TRIM_FOR_N  :  add trimming for fixed char semantics
    LSSORT

    _ADG_BUFFER_WAI  :  Active Dataguard buffer wait time in cs
    T_TIMEOUT

    _ADG_INSTANCE_R  :  enable ADG instance recovery
    ECOVERY

    _ADJUST_LITERAL  :  If TRUE, we will adjust the SQL/PLUS output
    _REPLACEMENT

    _ADR_MIGRATE_RU  :  Enable/disable ADR Migrate Runonce action
    NONCE

    _ADVANCED_INDEX  :  advanced index compression options
    _COMPRESSION_OP
    TIONS

    _ADVANCED_INDEX  :  advanced index compression options2
    _COMPRESSION_OP
    TIONS_VALUE

    _ADVANCED_INDEX  :  advanced index compression trace
    _COMPRESSION_TR
    ACE

    _AFFINITY_ON     :  enable/disable affinity at run time
    _AGED_OUT_CURSO  :  number of seconds an aged out session cached cursor
    R_CACHE_TIME        stay in cache

    _AGGREGATION_OP  :  settings for aggregation optimizations
    TIMIZATION_SETT
    INGS

    _AIOWAIT_TIMEOU  :  Number of aiowait timeouts before error is reported
    TS

    _ALERT_EXPIRATI  :  seconds before an alert message is moved to exception
    ON                  queue

    _ALERT_MESSAGE_  :  Enable Alert Message Cleanup
    CLEANUP

    _ALERT_MESSAGE_  :  Enable Alert Message Purge
    PURGE

    _ALERT_POST_BAC  :  Enable Background Alert Posting
    KGROUND

    _ALLOCATE_CREAT  :  should files be examined in creation order during
    ION_ORDER           allocation

    _ALLOCATION_UPD  :  interval at which successful search in L1 should be
    ATE_INTERVAL        updated

    _ALLOW_CELL_SMA  :  Allow checking smart_scan_capable Attr
    RT_SCAN_ATTR

    _ALLOW_COMMUTAT  :  allow for commutativity of +, * when comparing
    IVITY               expressions

    _ALLOW_COMPATIB  :  allow advancing DB compatibility with guaranteed
    ILITY_ADV_W_GRP     restore points

    _ALLOW_DROP_SNA  :  Allow dropping snapshot standby guaranteed restore
    PSHOT_STANDBY_G     point
    RSP

    _ALLOW_DROP_TS_  :  Allow drop Tablespace with guaranteed restore points
    WITH_GRP

    _ALLOW_ERROR_SI  :  Allow error simulation for testing
    MULATION

    _ALLOW_FILE_1_O  :  don’t signal ORA-1245 due to file 1 being offline
    FFLINE_ERROR_12
    45

    _ALLOW_LEVEL_WI  :  allow level without connect by
    THOUT_CONNECT_B
    Y

    _ALLOW_READ_ONL  :  allow read-only open even if database is corrupt
    Y_CORRUPTION

    _ALLOW_RESETLOG  :  allow resetlogs even if it will cause corruption
    S_CORRUPTION

    _ALLOW_TERMINAL  :  Finish terminal recovery even if it may cause
    _RECOVERY_CORRU     corruption
    PTION

    _ALL_SHARED_DBL  :  treat all dblinks as shared
    INKS

    _ALTERNATE_IOT_  :  enable alternate index-organized table leaf-block
    LEAF_BLOCK_SPLI     split-points
    T_POINTS

    _ALTER_COMMON_U  :  allow local user to create objects in common schema
    SER_SCHEMA

    _ALWAYS_ANTI_JO  :  always use this method for anti-join when possible
    IN

    _ALWAYS_SEMI_JO  :  always use this method for semi-join when possible
    IN

    _ALWAYS_STAR_TR  :  always favor use of star transformation
    ANSFORMATION

    _AM_CONTAINER_F  :  allocation unit size for non-ASM containers
    ILESYSTEM_AUSIZ
    E

    _AM_MAX_CONTAIN  :  maximum number of containers
    ERS

    _AM_MAX_GROUPS   :  maximum number of containers
    _AM_MAX_SEG_BYT  :  maximum number of bytes per array segment
    ES

    _AM_TIMEOUTS_EN  :  enable timeouts
    ABLED

    _AM_TRACE_BUFFE  :  size of per-process I/O trace buffer
    R_SIZE

    _AND_PRUNING_EN  :  allow partition pruning based on multiple mechanisms
    ABLED

    _APPQOS_CDB_SET  :  QoSM CDB Performance Class Setting
    TING

    _APPQOS_PO_MULT  :  Multiplier for PC performance objective value
    IPLIER

    _APPQOS_QT       :  System Queue time retrieval interval
    _AQSHARDED_CACH  :  Limit for cached enqueue/dequeue operations
    E_LIMIT

    _AQ_DISABLE_X    :  AQ – Disable new cross processes at an instance
    _AQ_DQ_SESSIONS  :  Deq session count
    _AQ_EQ_SESSIONS  :  Enq session count
    _AQ_INIT_SHARDS  :  Minimum enqueue shards per queue at an instance
    _AQ_MAX_SCAN_DE  :  Maximum allowable scan delay for AQ indexes and IOTs
    LAY

    _AQ_PRECRT_PART  :  Precreate Partitions
    ITIONS

    _AQ_PT_PROCESSE  :  Partition background processes
    S

    _AQ_STOP_BACKGR  :  Stop all AQ background processes
    OUNDS

    _AQ_SUBSHARD_SI  :  Sub Shard Size
    ZE

    _AQ_TM_DEQCOUNT  :  dequeue count interval for Time Managers to cleanup DEQ
    INTERVAL            IOT BLOCKS

    _AQ_TM_SCANLIMI  :  scan limit for Time Managers to clean up IOT
    T

    _AQ_TM_STATISTI  :  statistics collection window duration
    CS_DURATION

    _ARCH_COMPRESSI  :  archive compression enabled
    ON

    _ARCH_COMPRESS_  :  enable/disable row checksums for archive compressed
    CHECKSUMS           blocks

    _ARCH_COMP_DBG_  :  archive compression scan debug
    SCAN

    _ARCH_COMP_DEC_  :  decompress archive compression blocks for checking and
    BLOCK_CHECK_DUM     dumping
    P

    _ARCH_IO_SLAVES  :  ARCH I/O slaves
    _ARCH_SIM_MODE   :  Change behavior of local archiving
    _ARRAY_CDB_VIEW  :  array mode enabled for CDB views
    _ENABLED

    _ARRAY_UPDATE_V  :  Enable array update vector read
    ECTOR_READ_ENAB
    LED

    _ASH_COMPRESSIO  :  To enable or disable string compression in ASH
    N_ENABLE

    _ASH_DISK_FILTE  :  Ratio of the number of in-memory samples to the number
    R_RATIO             of samples actually written to disk

    _ASH_DISK_WRITE  :  To enable or disable Active Session History flushing
    _ENABLE

    _ASH_DUMMY_TEST  :  Oracle internal dummy ASH parameter used ONLY for
    _PARAM              testing!

    _ASH_EFLUSH_TRI  :  The percentage above which if the in-memory ASH is full
    GGER                the emergency flusher will be triggered

    _ASH_ENABLE      :  To enable or disable Active Session sampling and
    flushing

    _ASH_MIN_MMNL_D  :  Minimum Time interval passed to consider MMNL Dump
    UMP

    _ASH_SAMPLE_ALL  :  To enable or disable sampling every connected session
    including ones waiting for idle waits

    _ASH_SAMPLING_I  :  Time interval between two successive Active Session
    NTERVAL             samples in millisecs

    _ASH_SIZE        :  To set the size of the in-memory Active Session History
    buffers

    _ASMSID          :  ASM instance id
    _ASM_ACCESS      :  ASM File access mechanism
    _ASM_ACD_CHUNKS  :  initial ACD chunks created
    _ASM_ADMIN_WITH  :  Does the sysdba role have administrative privileges on
    _SYSDBA             ASM?

    _ASM_ALLOWDEGEN  :  Allow force-mounts of DGs w/o proper quorum
    ERATEMOUNTS

    _ASM_ALLOW_APPL  :  Allow DROP DISK/FAILUREGROUP NOFORCE on ASM Appliances
    IANCE_DROPDISK_
    NOFORCE

    _ASM_ALLOW_LVM_  :  Enable disk resilvering for external redundancy
    RESILVERING

    _ASM_ALLOW_ONLY  :  Discovery only raw devices
    _RAW_DISKS

    _ASM_ALLOW_SYST  :  if system alias renaming is allowed
    EM_ALIAS_RENAME

    _ASM_ALLOW_UNSA  :  attempt unsafe reconnect to ASM
    FE_RECONNECT

    _ASM_APPLIANCE_  :  Appliance configuration file name
    CONFIG_FILE

    _ASM_AUSIZE      :  allocation unit size
    _ASM_AUTOMATIC_  :  automatically rebalance free space across zones
    REZONE

    _ASM_AVOID_PST_  :  Avoid PST Scans
    SCANS

    _ASM_BLKSIZE     :  metadata block size
    _ASM_CHECK_FOR_  :  check for misbehaving CF-holding clients
    MISBEHAVING_CF_
    CLIENTS

    _ASM_COMPATIBIL  :  default ASM compatibility level
    ITY

    _ASM_DBA_BATCH   :  ASM Disk Based Allocation Max Batch Size
    _ASM_DBA_SPCCHK  :  ASM Disk Based Allocation Space Check Threshold
    _THLD

    _ASM_DBA_THRESH  :  ASM Disk Based Allocation Threshold
    OLD

    _ASM_DBMSDG_NOH  :  dbms_diskgroup.checkfile does not check block headers
    DRCHK

    _ASM_DIAG_DEAD_  :  diagnostics for dead clients
    CLIENTS

    _ASM_DIRECT_CON  :  Expire time for idle direct connection to ASM instance
    _EXPIRE_TIME

    _ASM_DISABLE_AM  :  Disable AMDU dump
    DU_DUMP

    _ASM_DISABLE_AS  :  disable async intra-instance messaging
    YNC_MSGS

    _ASM_DISABLE_MU  :  Disable checking for multiple ASM instances on a given
    LTIPLE_INSTANCE     node
    _CHECK

    _ASM_DISABLE_PR  :  disable profile query for discovery
    OFILEDISCOVERY

    _ASM_DISABLE_SM  :  Do Not create smr
    R_CREATION

    _ASM_DISABLE_UF  :  disable ufg member kill
    GMEMBERKILL

    _ASM_DISABLE_UF  :  disable terminated umbilicus diagnostic
    G_DUMP

    _ASM_DISKERR_TR  :  Number of read/write errors per disk a process can
    ACES                trace

    _ASM_DISKGROUPS  :  disk groups to mount automatically set 2
    2

    _ASM_DISKGROUPS  :  disk groups to mount automatically set 3
    3

    _ASM_DISKGROUPS  :  disk groups to mount automatically set 4
    4

    _ASM_DISK_REPAI  :  seconds to wait before dropping a failing disk
    R_TIME

    _ASM_EMULATE_NF  :  Emulate NFS disk test event
    S_DISK

    _ASM_EMULMAX     :  max number of concurrent disks to emulate I  /O errors
    _ASM_EMULTIMEOU  :  timeout before emulation begins (in 3s ticks)
    T

    _ASM_ENABLE_XRO  :  Enable XROV capability
    V

    _ASM_EVENREAD    :  ASM Even Read level
    _ASM_EVENREAD_A  :  ASM Even Read Alpha
    LPHA

    _ASM_EVENREAD_A  :  ASM Even Read Second Alpha
    LPHA2

    _ASM_EVENREAD_F  :  ASM Even Read Fast Start Threshold
    ASTSTART

    _ASM_FAIL_RANDO  :  Randomly fail some RX enqueue gets
    M_RX

    _ASM_FOB_TAC_FR  :  Timeout frequency for FOB cleanup
    EQUENCY

    _ASM_FORCE_QUIE  :  Force diskgroup quiescing
    SCE

    _ASM_GLOBAL_DUM  :  System state dump level for ASM asserts
    P_LEVEL

    _ASM_HBEATIOWAI  :  number of secs to wait for PST Async Hbeat IO return
    T

    _ASM_HBEATWAITQ  :  quantum used to compute time-to-wait for a PST Hbeat
    UANTUM              check

    _ASM_HEALTHCHEC  :  seconds until health check takes action
    K_TIMEOUT

    _ASM_IMBALANCE_  :  hundredths of a percentage of inter-disk imbalance to
    TOLERANCE           tolerate

    _ASM_INSTLOCK_Q  :  ASM Instance Lock Quota
    UOTA

    _ASM_IOSTAT_LAT  :  ASM I/O statistics latch count
    CH_COUNT

    _ASM_KFDPEVENT   :  KFDP event
    _ASM_KILL_UNRES  :  kill unresponsive ASM clients
    PONSIVE_CLIENTS

    _ASM_LIBRARIES   :  library search order for discovery
    _ASM_LOG_SCALE_  :  Rebalance power uses logarithmic scale
    REBALANCE

    _ASM_LSOD_BUCKE  :  ASM lsod bucket size
    T_SIZE

    _ASM_MAXIO       :  Maximum size of individual I/O request
    _ASM_MAX_COD_ST  :  maximum number of COD strides
    RIDES

    _ASM_MAX_REDO_B  :  asm maximum redo buffer size
    UFFER_SIZE

    _ASM_NETWORKS    :  ASM network subnet addresses
    _ASM_NETWORK_TI  :  Keepalive timeout for ASM network connections
    MEOUT

    _ASM_NODEKILL_E  :  secs until escalating to nodekill if fence incomplete
    SCALATE_TIME

    _ASM_NOEVENREAD  :  List of disk groups having even read disabled
    _DISKGROUPS

    _ASM_PARTNER_TA  :  target maximum number of disk partners for repartnering
    RGET_DISK_PART

    _ASM_PARTNER_TA  :  target maximum number of failure group relationships
    RGET_FG_REL         for repartnering

    _ASM_PRIMARY_LO  :  Number of cycles/extents to load for non-mirrored files
    AD

    _ASM_PRIMARY_LO  :  True if primary load is in cycles, false if extent
    AD_CYCLES           counts

    _ASM_PROCS_TRAC  :  Number of processes allowed to trace a disk failure
    E_DISKERR

    _ASM_PROXY_STAR  :  Maximum time to wait for ASM proxy connection
    TWAIT

    _ASM_RANDOM_ZON  :  Random zones for new files
    E

    _ASM_REBALANCE_  :  maximum rebalance work unit
    PLAN_SIZE

    _ASM_REBALANCE_  :  number of out of space errors allowed before aborting
    SPACE_ERRORS        rebalance

    _ASM_REMOTE_CLI  :  timeout before killing disconnected remote clients
    ENT_TIMEOUT

    _ASM_REPAIRQUAN  :  quantum (in 3s) used to compute elapsed time for disk
    TUM                 drop

    _ASM_RESERVE_SL  :  reserve ASM slaves for CF txns
    AVES

    _ASM_RESYNCCKPT  :  number of extents to resync before flushing checkpoint
    _ASM_ROOT_DIREC  :  ASM default root directory
    TORY

    _ASM_RUNTIME_CA  :  runtime capability for volume support returns supported
    PABILITY_VOLUME
    _SUPPORT

    _ASM_SCRUB_LIMI  :  ASM disk scrubbing power
    T

    _ASM_SECONDARY_  :  Number of cycles/extents to load for mirrored files
    LOAD

    _ASM_SECONDARY_  :  True if secondary load is in cycles, false if extent
    LOAD_CYCLES         counts

    _ASM_SERIALIZE_  :  Serialize volume rebalance
    VOLUME_REBALANC
    E

    _ASM_SHADOW_CYC  :  Inverse shadow cycle requirement
    LE

    _ASM_SKIP_DISKV  :  skip client side discovery for disk revalidate
    AL_CHECK

    _ASM_SKIP_RENAM  :  skip the checking of the clients for s/w compatibility
    E_CHECK             for rename

    _ASM_SKIP_RESIZ  :  skip the checking of the clients for s/w compatibility
    E_CHECK             for resize

    _ASM_STORAGEMAY  :  PST Split Possible
    SPLIT

    _ASM_STRIPESIZE  :  ASM file stripe size
    _ASM_STRIPEWIDT  :  ASM file stripe width
    H

    _ASM_SYNC_REBAL  :  Rebalance uses sync I/O
    ANCE

    _ASM_TRACE_LIMI  :  Time-out in milliseconds to reset the number of traces
    T_TIMEOUT           per disk and the number of processes allowed to trace

    _ASM_USD_BATCH   :  ASM USD Update Max Batch Size
    _ASM_WAIT_TIME   :  Max/imum time to wait before asmb exits
    _ASSM_DEFAULT    :  ASSM default
    _ASSM_FORCE_FET  :  enable metadata block fetching in ASSM segment scan
    CHMETA

    _ASSM_HIGH_GSP_  :  Number of blocks rejected before growing segment
    THRESHOLD

    _ASSM_LOW_GSP_T  :  Number of blocks rejected before collecting stats
    HRESHOLD

    _ASYNC_RECOVERY  :  if TRUE, issue recovery claims asynchronously
    _CLAIMS

    _ASYNC_RECOVERY  :  if TRUE, issue recovery reads asynchronously
    _READS

    _ASYNC_TS_THRES  :  check tablespace thresholds asynchronously
    HOLD

    _AUTOMATIC_MAIN  :  Enable AUTOTASK Test Mode
    TENANCE_TEST

    _AUTOMEMORY_BRO  :  memory broker statistics gathering interval for auto
    KER_INTERVAL        memory

    _AUTOTASK_MAX_W  :  Maximum Logical Maintenance Window Length in minutes
    INDOW

    _AUTOTASK_MIN_W  :  Minimum Maintenance Window Length in minutes
    INDOW

    _AUTOTASK_TEST_  :  Name of current Autotask Test (or test step)
    NAME

    _AUTOTUNE_GTX_I  :  idle time to trigger auto-shutdown a gtx background
    DLE_TIME            process

    _AUTOTUNE_GTX_I  :  interval to autotune global transaction background
    NTERVAL             processes

    _AUTOTUNE_GTX_T  :  auto-tune threshold for degree of global transaction
    HRESHOLD            concurrency

    _AUTO_ASSIGN_CG  :  auto assign CGs for sessions
    _FOR_SESSIONS

    _AUTO_BMR        :  enable/disable Auto BMR
    _AUTO_BMR_BG_TI  :  Auto BMR Process Run Time
    ME

    _AUTO_BMR_FC_TI  :  Auto BMR Flood Control Time
    ME

    _AUTO_BMR_PUB_T  :  Auto BMR Publish Timeout
    IMEOUT

    _AUTO_BMR_REQ_T  :  Auto BMR Requester Timeout
    IMEOUT

    _AUTO_BMR_SESS_  :  Auto BMR Request Session Threshold
    THRESHOLD

    _AUTO_BMR_SYS_T  :  Auto BMR Request System Threshold
    HRESHOLD

    _AUTO_MANAGE_EN  :  perodically check for OFFLINE disks and attempt to
    ABLE_OFFLINE_CH     ONLINE
    ECK

    _AUTO_MANAGE_EX  :  Automate Exadata disk management
    ADATA_DISKS

    _AUTO_MANAGE_IN  :  TEST: Set infrequent timeout action to run at this
    FREQ_TOUT           interval, unit is seconds

    _AUTO_MANAGE_IO  :  oss_ioctl buffer size, to read and respond to cell
    CTL_BUFSZ           notifications

    _AUTO_MANAGE_MA  :  Max. attempts to auto ONLINE an ASM disk
    X_ONLINE_TRIES

    _AUTO_MANAGE_NU  :  Max. number of out-standing msgs in the KXDAM pipe
    M_PIPE_MSGS

    _AUTO_MANAGE_NU  :  Num. tries before giving up on a automation operation
    M_TRIES

    _AUTO_MANAGE_ON  :  Allow Max. attempts to auto ONLINE an ASM disk after
    LINE_TRIES_EXPI     lapsing this time (unit in seconds)
    RE_TIME

    _AUX_DFC_KEEP_T  :  auxiliary datafile copy keep time in minutes
    IME

    _AVAILABLE_CORE  :  number of cores for this instance
    _COUNT

    _AVOID_PREPARE   :  if TRUE, do not prepare a buffer when the master is
    local

    _AWR_CDBPERF_TH  :  Setting for AWR CDBPERF Threshold
    RESHOLD

    _AWR_CORRUPT_MO  :  AWR Corrupt Mode
    DE

    _AWR_DISABLED_F  :  Disable flushing of specified AWR tables
    LUSH_TABLES

    _AWR_FLUSH_THRE  :  Enable/Disable Flushing AWR Threshold Metrics
    SHOLD_METRICS

    _AWR_FLUSH_WORK  :  Enable/Disable Flushing AWR Workload Metrics
    LOAD_METRICS

    _AWR_MMON_CPUUS  :  Enable/disable AWR MMON CPU Usage Tracking
    AGE

    _AWR_MMON_DEEP_  :  Allows deep purge to purge AWR data for all expired
    PURGE_ALL_EXPIR     snapshots
    ED

    _AWR_MMON_DEEP_  :  Set extent of rows to check each deep purge run
    PURGE_EXTENT

    _AWR_MMON_DEEP_  :  Set interval for deep purge of AWR contents
    PURGE_INTERVAL

    _AWR_MMON_DEEP_  :  Set max number of rows per table to delete each deep
    PURGE_NUMROWS       purge run

    _AWR_PDB_REGIST  :  Parameter to enable/disable AWR PDB Registration
    RATION_ENABLED

    _AWR_REMOTE_TAR  :  AWR Remote Target DBLink for Flushing
    GET_DBLINK

    _AWR_RESTRICT_M  :  AWR Restrict Mode
    ODE

    _AWR_SQL_CHILD_  :  Setting for AWR SQL Child Limit
    LIMIT

    _BACKUP_ALIGN_W  :  align backup write I/Os
    RITE_IO

    _BACKUP_AUTOMAT  :  automatic retry on backup write errors
    IC_RETRY

    _BACKUP_DISK_BU  :  number of buffers used for DISK channels
    FCNT

    _BACKUP_DISK_BU  :  size of buffers used for DISK channels
    FSZ

    _BACKUP_DISK_IO  :  BACKUP Disk I/O slaves
    _SLAVES

    _BACKUP_DYNAMIC  :  dynamically compute backup/restore buffer sizes
    _BUFFERS

    _BACKUP_ENCRYPT  :  specifies encryption block optimization mode
    _OPT_MODE

    _BACKUP_FILE_BU  :  number of buffers used for file access
    FCNT

    _BACKUP_FILE_BU  :  size of buffers used for file access
    FSZ

    _BACKUP_IO_POOL  :  memory to reserve from the large pool
    _SIZE

    _BACKUP_KGC_BLK  :  specifies buffer size to be used by HIGH compression
    SIZ

    _BACKUP_KGC_BUF  :  specifies buffer size to be used by BASIC compression
    SZ

    _BACKUP_KGC_MEM  :  specifies memory level for MEDIUM compression
    LEVEL

    _BACKUP_KGC_NIT  :  specifies number of iterations done by BASIC
    ERS                 compression

    _BACKUP_KGC_PER  :  specifies compression (performance) level for MEDIUM
    FLEVEL              compression

    _BACKUP_KGC_SCH  :  specifies compression scheme
    EME

    _BACKUP_KGC_TYP  :  specifies compression type used by kgc BASIC
    E                   compression

    _BACKUP_KGC_WIN  :  specifies window size for MEDIUM compression
    DOWBITS

    _BACKUP_KSFQ_BU  :  number of buffers used for backup/restore
    FCNT

    _BACKUP_KSFQ_BU  :  maximum amount of memory (in bytes) used for buffers
    FMEM_MAX            for backup/restore

    _BACKUP_KSFQ_BU  :  size of buffers used for backup/restore
    FSZ

    _BACKUP_LZO_SIZ  :  specifies buffer size for LOW compression
    E

    _BACKUP_MAX_GAP  :  largest gap in an incremental/optimized backup buffer,
    _SIZE               in bytes

    _BACKUP_MIN_CT_  :  mimimun size in bytes of change tracking to apply
    UNUSED_OPTIM        unused space optimuzation

    _BACKUP_SEQ_BUF  :  number of buffers used for non-DISK channels
    CNT

    _BACKUP_SEQ_BUF  :  size of buffers used for non-DISK channels
    SZ

    _BCT_BITMAPS_PE  :  number of bitmaps to store for each datafile
    R_FILE

    _BCT_BUFFER_ALL  :  maximum size of all change tracking buffer allocations,
    OCATION_MAX         in bytes

    _BCT_BUFFER_ALL  :  mininum number of extents to allocate per buffer
    OCATION_MIN_EXT     allocation
    ENTS

    _BCT_BUFFER_ALL  :  size of one change tracking buffer allocation, in bytes
    OCATION_SIZE

    _BCT_CHUNK_SIZE  :  change tracking datafile chunk size, in bytes
    _BCT_CRASH_RESE  :  change tracking reserved crash recovery SGA space, in
    RVE_SIZE            bytes

    _BCT_FILE_BLOCK  :  block size of change tracking file, in bytes
    _SIZE

    _BCT_FILE_EXTEN  :  extent size of change tracking file, in bytes
    T_SIZE

    _BCT_FIXTAB_FIL  :  change tracking file for fixed tables
    E

    _BCT_HEALTH_CHE  :  CTWR health check interval (seconds), zero to disable
    CK_INTERVAL

    _BCT_INITIAL_PR  :  initial number of entries in the private change
    IVATE_DBA_BUFFE     tracking dba buffers
    R_SIZE

    _BCT_MRP_TIMEOU  :  CTWR MRP wait timeout (seconds), zero to wait forever
    T

    _BCT_PUBLIC_DBA  :  allow dynamic resizing of public dba buffers, zero to
    _BUFFER_DYNRESI     disable
    ZE

    _BCT_PUBLIC_DBA  :  max buffer size permitted for public dba buffers, in
    _BUFFER_MAXSIZE     bytes

    _BCT_PUBLIC_DBA  :  total size of all public change tracking dba buffers,
    _BUFFER_SIZE        in bytes

    _BG_SPAWN_DIAG_  :  background processes spawn diagnostic options
    OPTS

    _BITMAP_OR_IMPR  :  controls extensions to partition pruning for general
    OVEMENT_ENABLED     predicates

    _BLOCKING_SESS_  :  blocking session graph cache size in bytes
    GRAPH_CACHE_SIZ
    E

    _BLOCKS_PER_CAC  :  number of consecutive blocks per global cache server
    HE_SERVER

    _BLOCK_LEVEL_OF  :  High Latency Threshold for Block Level Offload
    FLOAD_HIGH_LAT_     operations
    THRESH

    _BLOCK_SAMPLE_R  :  controls readahead value during block sampling
    EADAHEAD_PROB_T
    HRESHOLD

    _BLOOM_FILTER_D  :  debug level for bloom filtering
    EBUG

    _BLOOM_FILTER_E  :  enables or disables bloom filter
    NABLED

    _BLOOM_FILTER_S  :  bloom filter vector size (in KB)
    IZE

    _BLOOM_FOLDING_  :  bloom filter folding density lower bound
    DENSITY

    _BLOOM_FOLDING_  :  Enable folding of bloom filter
    ENABLED

    _BLOOM_FOLDING_  :  bloom filter folding size lower bound (in KB)
    MIN

    _BLOOM_MAX_SIZE  :  maximum bloom filter size (in KB)
    _BLOOM_MINMAX_E  :  enable or disable bloom min max filtering
    NABLED

    _BLOOM_PREDICAT  :  enables or disables bloom filter predicate pushdown
    E_ENABLED

    _BLOOM_PREDICAT  :  enables or disables bloom filter predicate offload to
    E_OFFLOAD           cells

    _BLOOM_PRUNING_  :  Enable partition pruning using bloom filtering
    ENABLED

    _BLOOM_PUSHING_  :  bloom filter pushing size upper bound (in KB)
    MAX

    _BLOOM_PUSHING_  :  bloom filter combined pushing size upper bound (in KB)
    TOTAL_MAX

    _BLOOM_RM_FILTE  :  remove bloom predicate in favor of zonemap join pruning
    R                   predicate

    _BLOOM_SM_ENABL  :  enable bloom filter optimization using slave mapping
    ED

    _BRANCH_TAGGING  :  enable branch tagging for distributed transaction
    _BROADCAST_SCN_  :  broadcast-on-commit scn mode
    MODE

    _BROADCAST_SCN_  :  broadcast-on-commit scn wait timeout in centiseconds
    WAIT_TIMEOUT

    _BSLN_ADAPTIVE_  :  Adaptive Thresholds Enabled
    THRESHOLDS_ENAB
    LED

    _BT_MMV_QUERY_R  :  allow rewrites with multiple MVs and base tables
    EWRITE_ENABLED

    _BUFFERED_MESSA  :  Buffered message spill age
    GE_SPILL_AGE

    _BUFFERED_PUBLI  :  Flow control threshold for buffered publishers except
    SHER_FLOW_CONTR     capture
    OL_THRESHOLD

    _BUFFER_BUSY_WA  :  buffer busy wait time in centiseconds
    IT_TIMEOUT

    _BUFQ_STOP_FLOW  :  Stop enforcing flow control for buffered queues
    _CONTROL

    _BUILD_DEFERRED  :  DEFERRED MV creation skipping MV log setup update
    _MV_SKIPPING_MV
    LOG_UPDATE

    _BUMP_HIGHWATER  :  how many blocks should we allocate per free list on
    _MARK_COUNT         advancing HWM

    _BWR_FOR_FLUSHE  :  if TRUE, generate a BWR for a flushed PI
    D_PI

    _BYPASS_SRL_FOR  :  bypass SRL for S/O EOR logs
    _SO_EOR

    _BYPASS_XPLATFO  :  bypass datafile header cross-platform-compliance errors
    RM_ERROR

    _B_TREE_BITMAP_  :  enable the use of bitmap plans for tables w. only
    PLANS               B-tree indexes

    _CACHE_ORL_DURI  :  cache online logs
    NG_OPEN

    _CACHE_STATS_MO  :  if TRUE, enable cache stats monitoring
    NITOR

    _CAPTURE_BUFFER  :  To set the size of the PGA I/O recording buffers
    _SIZE

    _CAPTURE_PUBLIS  :  Flow control threshold for capture publishers
    HER_FLOW_CONTRO
    L_THRESHOLD

    _CASE_SENSITIVE  :  case sensitive logon enabled
    _LOGON

    _CAUSAL_STANDBY  :  Causal standby wait timeout
    _WAIT_TIMEOUT

    _CDB_COMPATIBLE  :  CDB Compatible
    _CDB_RAC_AFFINI  :  rac affinity for parallel cdb operations
    TY

    _CDC_SUBSCRIPTI  :  Change Data Capture subscription_owner
    ON_OWNER

    _CDMP_DIAGNOSTI  :  cdmp directory diagnostic level
    C_LEVEL

    _CELL_FAST_FILE  :  Allow optimized file creation path for Cells
    _CREATE

    _CELL_FAST_FILE  :  Allow optimized rman restore for Cells
    _RESTORE

    _CELL_FILE_FORM  :  Cell file format chunk size in MB
    AT_CHUNK_SIZE

    _CELL_INDEX_SCA  :  enable CELL processing of index FFS
    N_ENABLED

    _CELL_MATERIALI  :  Force materialization of all offloadable expressions on
    ZE_ALL_EXPRESSI     the cells
    ONS

    _CELL_MATERIALI  :  enable offload of expressions underlying virtual
    ZE_VIRTUAL_COLU     columns to cells
    MNS

    _CELL_OBJECT_EX  :  flashcache object expiration timeout
    PIRATION_HOURS

    _CELL_OFFLOAD_C  :  specifies capability table to load
    APABILITIES_ENA
    BLED

    _CELL_OFFLOAD_C  :  enable complex SQL processing offload to cells
    OMPLEX_PROCESSI
    NG

    _CELL_OFFLOAD_E  :  enable offload of expressions to cells
    XPRESSIONS

    _CELL_OFFLOAD_H  :  Query offloading of hybrid columnar compressed tables
    YBRIDCOLUMNAR       to exadata

    _CELL_OFFLOAD_P  :  enable out-of-order SQL processing offload to cells
    REDICATE_REORDE
    RING_ENABLED

    _CELL_OFFLOAD_S  :  enable offload of SYS_CONTEXT evaluation to cells
    YS_CONTEXT

    _CELL_OFFLOAD_T  :  enable timezone related SQL processing offload to cells
    IMEZONE

    _CELL_OFFLOAD_V  :  enable offload of predicates on virtual columns to
    IRTUAL_COLUMNS      cells

    _CELL_RANGE_SCA  :  enable CELL processing of index range scans
    N_ENABLED

    _CELL_STORIDX_M  :  Cell Storage Index mode
    ODE

    _CGS_ALLGROUP_P  :  CGS DBALL group polling interval in milli-seconds
    OLL_TIME

    _CGS_COMM_READI  :  CGS communication readiness check
    NESS_CHECK

    _CGS_DBALL_GROU  :  CGS DBALL group registration type
    P_REGISTRATION

    _CGS_DBGROUP_PO  :  CGS DB group polling interval in milli-seconds
    LL_TIME

    _CGS_HEALTH_CHE  :  CGS health check during reconfiguration
    CK_IN_RECONFIG

    _CGS_MEMBERKILL  :  allow a RIM instance to issue a CSS member kill
    _FROM_RIM_INSTA
    NCE

    _CGS_MSG_BATCHI  :  CGS message batching
    NG

    _CGS_MSG_BATCH_  :  CGS message batch size in bytes
    SIZE

    _CGS_NODE_KILL_  :  CGS node kill escalation to CSS
    ESCALATION

    _CGS_NODE_KILL_  :  CGS wait time to escalate node kill to CSS in seconds
    ESCALATION_WAIT

    _CGS_RECONFIG_E  :  CGS reconfiguration extra wait time for CSS in seconds
    XTRA_WAIT

    _CGS_RECONFIG_T  :  CGS reconfiguration timeout interval
    IMEOUT

    _CGS_SEND_TIMEO  :  CGS send timeout value
    UT

    _CGS_TICKETS     :  CGS messaging tickets
    _CGS_TICKET_SEN  :  CGS ticket active sendback percentage threshold
    DBACK

    _CGS_ZOMBIE_MEM  :  CGS zombie member kill wait time in seconds
    BER_KILL_WAIT

    _CHANGE_VECTOR_  :  Number of change vector buffers for media recovery
    BUFFERS

    _CHECK_BLOCK_AF  :  perform block check after checksum if both are turned
    TER_CHECKSUM        on

    _CHECK_BLOCK_NE  :  check block new invariant for flashback
    W_INVARIANT_FOR
    _FLASHBACK

    _CHECK_COLUMN_L  :  check column length
    ENGTH

    _CHECK_PDBID_IN  :  Enable checking of pluggable database ID in redo
    _REDO

    _CHECK_TS_THRES  :  check tablespace thresholds
    HOLD

    _CLEANOUT_SHRCU  :  if TRUE, cleanout shrcur buffers
    R_BUFFERS

    _CLEANUP_ROLLBA  :  no. of undo entries to apply per transaction cleanup
    CK_ENTRIES

    _CLEANUP_TIMEOU  :  timeout value for PMON cleanup
    T

    _CLEANUP_TIMEOU  :  flags for PMON cleanup timeout
    T_FLAGS

    _CLEAR_BUFFER_B  :  Always zero-out buffer before reuse for security
    EFORE_REUSE

    _CLIENT_ENABLE_  :  enable automatic unregister after a send fails with
    AUTO_UNREGISTER     timeout

    _CLIENT_NTFN_CL  :  interval after which dead client registration cleanup
    EANUP_INTERVAL      task repeats

    _CLIENT_NTFN_PI  :  time between pings to unreachable notification clients
    NGINTERVAL

    _CLIENT_NTFN_PI  :  number of times to ping unreachable notification
    NGRETRIES           clients

    _CLIENT_NTFN_PI  :  timeout to connect to unreachable notification clients
    NGTIMEOUT

    _CLIENT_RESULT_  :  bypass the client result cache
    CACHE_BYPASS

    _CLIENT_TSTZ_ER  :  Should Client give error for suspect Timestamp with
    ROR_CHECK           Timezone operations

    _CLI_CACHEBKTAL  :  Percentage of memory to allocate
    LOC

    _CLONE_ONE_PDB_  :  Recover ROOT and only one PDB in clone database
    RECOVERY

    _CLOSE_CACHED_O  :  close cursors cached by PL/SQL at each commit
    PEN_CURSORS

    _CLOSE_DEQ_BY_C  :  Close Dequeue By Condition Cursors
    OND_CURS

    _CLOUD_NAME      :  gsm cloud name
    _CLUSTERWIDE_GL  :  enable/disable clusterwide global transactions
    OBAL_TRANSACTIO
    NS

    _CLUSTER_LIBRAR  :  cluster library selection
    Y

    _COLLAPSE_WAIT_  :  collapse wait history
    HISTORY

    _COLLECT_TEMPUN  :  Collect Statistics v$tempundostat
    DO_STATS

    _COLLECT_UNDO_S  :  Collect Statistics v$undostat
    TATS

    _COLUMN_COMPRES  :  Column compression ratio
    SION_FACTOR

    _COLUMN_ELIMINA  :  turn off predicate-only column elimination
    TION_OFF

    _COLUMN_TRACKIN  :  column usage tracking
    G_LEVEL

    _COMMON_DATA_VI  :  common objects returned through dictionary views
    EW_ENABLED

    _COMMON_USER_PR  :  Enforce restriction on a prefix of a Common
    EFIX                User/Role/Profile name

    _COMPILATION_CA  :  Size of the compilation call heaps extents
    LL_HEAP_EXTENT_
    SIZE

    _COMPLEX_VIEW_M  :  enable complex view merging
    ERGING

    _COMPRESSION_AB  :  number of recompression above cache for sanity check
    OVE_CACHE

    _COMPRESSION_AD  :  Compression advisor
    VISOR

    _COMPRESSION_CH  :  percentage of chained rows allowed for Compression
    AIN

    _COMPRESSION_CO  :  Compression compatability
    MPATIBILITY

    _CONCURRENCY_CH  :  what is the chosen value of concurrency
    OSEN

    _CONNECTION_BRO  :  connection broker host for listen address
    KER_HOST

    _CONNECT_BY_USE  :  use union all for connect by
    _UNION_ALL

    _CONTROLFILE_AU  :  time delay (in seconds) for performing controlfile
    TOBACKUP_DELAY      autobackups

    _CONTROLFILE_BA  :  enable check of the copied blocks during controlfile
    CKUP_COPY_CHECK     backup copy

    _CONTROLFILE_BL  :  control file block size in bytes
    OCK_SIZE

    _CONTROLFILE_CE  :  Flash cache hint for control file accesses
    LL_FLASH_CACHIN
    G

    _CONTROLFILE_EN  :  dump the system states after controlfile enqueue
    QUEUE_DUMP          timeout

    _CONTROLFILE_EN  :  control file enqueue max holding time in seconds
    QUEUE_HOLDING_T
    IME

    _CONTROLFILE_EN  :  control file enqueue holding time tracking size
    QUEUE_HOLDING_T
    IME_TRACKING_SI
    ZE

    _CONTROLFILE_EN  :  control file enqueue timeout in seconds
    QUEUE_TIMEOUT

    _CONTROLFILE_SE  :  control file initial section size
    CTION_INIT_SIZE

    _CONTROLFILE_SE  :  control file max expansion rate
    CTION_MAX_EXPAN
    D

    _CONTROLFILE_UP  :  controlfile update sanity check
    DATE_CHECK

    _CONVERT_SET_TO  :  enables conversion of set operator to join
    _JOIN

    _COORD_MESSAGE_  :  parallel recovery coordinator side extra message buffer
    BUFFER              size

    _CORRUPTED_ROLL  :  corrupted undo segment list
    BACK_SEGMENTS

    _COST_EQUALITY_  :  enables costing of equality semi-join
    SEMI_JOIN

    _CPU_EFF_THREAD  :  CPU effective thread multiplier
    _MULTIPLIER

    _CPU_TO_IO       :  divisor for converting CPU cost to I/O cost
    _CP_NUM_HASH_LA  :  connection pool number of hash latches
    TCHES

    _CRASH_DOMAIN_O  :  allow domain to exit for exceptions in any thread
    N_EXCEPTION

    _CREATE_STAT_SE  :  create ilm statistics segment
    GMENT

    _CREATE_TABLE_I  :  allow creation of table in a cluster not owned by the
    N_ANY_CLUSTER       user

    _CR_GRANT_GLOBA  :  if TRUE, grant lock for CR requests when block is in
    L_ROLE              global role

    _CR_GRANT_LOCAL  :  turn 3-way CR grants off, make it automatic, or turn it
    _ROLE               on

    _CR_GRANT_ONLY   :  if TRUE, grant locks when possible and do not send the
    block

    _CR_SERVER_LOG_  :  if TRUE, flush redo log before serving a CR buffer
    FLUSH

    _CR_TRC_BUF_SIZ  :  size of cr trace buffer
    E

    _CTX_DOC_POLICY  :  enable ctx_doc.policy_stems api
    _STEMS

    _CURSOR_BIND_CA  :  maximum size of the cursor bind capture area
    PTURE_AREA_SIZE

    _CURSOR_BIND_CA  :  interval (in seconds) between two bind capture for a
    PTURE_INTERVAL      cursor

    _CURSOR_CACHE_T  :  number of seconds a session cached cursor stay in
    IME                 cache.

    _CURSOR_DB_BUFF  :  additional number of buffers a cursor can pin at once
    ERS_PINNED

    _CURSOR_FEATURE  :  Shared cursor features enabled bits.
    S_ENABLED

    _CURSOR_OBSOLET  :  Number of cursors per parent before obsoletion.
    E_THRESHOLD

    _CURSOR_PLAN_EN  :  enable collection and display of cursor plans
    ABLED

    _CURSOR_PLAN_HA  :  version of cursor plan hash value
    SH_VERSION

    _CURSOR_PLAN_UN  :  enables/disables using unparse to build
    PARSE_ENABLED       projection/predicates

    _CURSOR_RELOAD_  :  Number of failed reloads before marking cursor unusable
    FAILURE_THRESHO
    LD

    _CURSOR_RUNTIME  :  Shared cursor runtime heap memory limit
    HEAP_MEMLIMIT

    _CURSOR_STATS_E  :  Enable cursor stats
    NABLED

    _CU_ROW_LOCKING  :  CU row level locking
    _CVMAP_BUFFERS   :  Number of change vector buffers for multi instance
    media recovery

    _CVW_ENABLE_WEA  :  enable weak view checking
    K_CHECKING

    _DATAFILE_COW    :  Use copy on write snapshot for the renamed file
    _DATAFILE_WRITE  :  datafile write errors crash instance
    _ERRORS_CRASH_I
    NSTANCE

    _DATAPUMP_COMPR  :  specifies buffer size for BASIC compression algorithm
    ESSBAS_BUFFER_S
    IZE

    _DATAPUMP_METAD  :  specifies buffer size for metadata file I/O
    ATA_BUFFER_SIZE

    _DATAPUMP_TABLE  :  specifies buffer size for table data file I/O
    DATA_BUFFER_SIZ
    E

    _DATA_TRANSFER_  :  Percentange * 100 of buffer cache to transfer to data
    CACHE_BC_PERC_X     transfer cache
    100

    _DATA_TRANSFER_  :  Size of data transfer cache
    CACHE_SIZE

    _DATA_WAREHOUSI  :  if TRUE, enable data warehousing scan buffers
    NG_SCAN_BUFFERS

    _DBFS_MODIFY_IM  :  DBFS Link allows implicit fetch on modify – only on
    PLICIT_FETCH        SecureFiles

    _DBG_PROC_START  :  debug process startup
    UP

    _DBG_SCAN        :  generic scan debug
    _DBMS_SQL_SECUR  :  Security level in DBMS_SQL
    ITY_LEVEL

    _DBOP_ENABLED    :  Any positive number enables automatic DBOP monitoring.
    0 is disabled

    _DBPOOL_NAME     :  gsm database pool name
    _DBRM_DYNAMIC_T  :  DBRM dynamic threshold setting
    HRESHOLD

    _DBRM_NUM_RUNNA  :  Resource Manager number of runnable list per NUMA node
    BLE_LIST

    _DBRM_QUANTUM    :  DBRM quantum
    _DBRM_RUNCHK     :  Resource Manager Diagnostic Running Thread Check
    _DBRM_SHORT_WAI  :  Resource Manager short wait length
    T_US

    _DBWR_ASYNC_IO   :  Enable dbwriter asynchronous writes
    _DBWR_SCAN_INTE  :  dbwriter scan interval
    RVAL

    _DBWR_TRACING    :  Enable dbwriter tracing
    _DB_16K_FLASH_C  :  flash cache file for 16k block size
    ACHE_FILE

    _DB_16K_FLASH_C  :  flash cache size for _db_16k_flash_cache_file
    ACHE_SIZE

    _DB_2K_FLASH_CA  :  flash cache file for 2k block size
    CHE_FILE

    _DB_2K_FLASH_CA  :  flash cache size for _db_2k_flash_cache_file
    CHE_SIZE

    _DB_32K_FLASH_C  :  flash cache file for 32k block size
    ACHE_FILE

    _DB_32K_FLASH_C  :  flash cache size for _db_32k_flash_cache_file
    ACHE_SIZE

    _DB_4K_FLASH_CA  :  flash cache file for 4k block size
    CHE_FILE

    _DB_4K_FLASH_CA  :  flash cache size for _db_4k_flash_cache_file
    CHE_SIZE

    _DB_8K_FLASH_CA  :  flash cache file for 8k block size
    CHE_FILE

    _DB_8K_FLASH_CA  :  flash cache size for _db_8k_flash_cache_file
    CHE_SIZE

    _DB_AGING_COOL_  :  Touch count set when buffer cooled
    COUNT

    _DB_AGING_FREEZ  :  Make CR buffers always be too cold to keep in cache
    E_CR

    _DB_AGING_HOT_C  :  Touch count which sends a buffer to head of replacement
    RITERIA             list

    _DB_AGING_STAY_  :  Touch count set when buffer moved to head of
    COUNT               replacement list

    _DB_AGING_TOUCH  :  Touch count which sends a buffer to head of replacement
    _TIME               list

    _DB_ALWAYS_CHEC  :  Always perform block check and checksum for System
    K_SYSTEM_TS         tablespace

    _DB_BLOCKS_PER_  :  Number of blocks per hash latch
    HASH_LATCH

    _DB_BLOCK_ADJCH  :  adjacent cache buffer checks – low blkchk overwrite
    ECK                 parameter

    _DB_BLOCK_ADJCH  :  adjacent cache buffer check level
    K_LEVEL

    _DB_BLOCK_ALIGN  :  Align Direct Reads
    _DIRECT_READ

    _DB_BLOCK_BAD_W  :  enable bad write checks
    RITE_CHECK

    _DB_BLOCK_BUFFE  :  Number of database blocks cached in memory: hidden
    RS                  parameter

    _DB_BLOCK_CACHE  :  Always clone data blocks on get (for debugging)
    _CLONE

    _DB_BLOCK_CACHE  :  buffer header tracing (non-zero only when debugging)
    _HISTORY

    _DB_BLOCK_CACHE  :  buffer header tracing level
    _HISTORY_LEVEL

    _DB_BLOCK_CACHE  :  buffer header tracing for lru operations
    _HISTORY_LRU

    _DB_BLOCK_CACHE  :  number of unmapped buffers (for tracking swap calls on
    _NUM_UMAP           blocks)

    _DB_BLOCK_CACHE  :  protect database blocks (true only when debugging)
    _PROTECT

    _DB_BLOCK_CACHE  :  protect database blocks (for strictly internal use
    _PROTECT_INTERN     only)
    AL

    _DB_BLOCK_CHECK  :  Check more and dump block before image for debugging
    _FOR_DEBUG

    _DB_BLOCK_CHECK  :  check objd and typ on cache disk read
    _OBJTYP

    _DB_BLOCK_CHUNK  :  chunkify noncontig multi block reads
    IFY_NCMBR

    _DB_BLOCK_CORRU  :  threshold number of block recovery attempts
    PTION_RECOVERY_
    THRESHOLD

    _DB_BLOCK_DO_FU  :  do full block read even if some blocks are in cache
    LL_MBREADS

    _DB_BLOCK_HASH_  :  Number of database block hash buckets
    BUCKETS

    _DB_BLOCK_HASH_  :  Number of database block hash latches
    LATCHES

    _DB_BLOCK_HEADE  :  number of extra buffer headers to use as guard pages
    R_GUARD_LEVEL

    _DB_BLOCK_HI_PR  :  Fraction of writes for high priority reasons
    IORITY_BATCH_SI
    ZE

    _DB_BLOCK_KNOWN  :  Initial Percentage of buffers to maintain known clean
    _CLEAN_PCT

    _DB_BLOCK_LRU_L  :  number of lru latches
    ATCHES

    _DB_BLOCK_MAX_C  :  Maximum Allowed Number of CR buffers per dba
    R_DBA

    _DB_BLOCK_MAX_S  :  Percentage of buffers to inspect when looking for free
    CAN_PCT

    _DB_BLOCK_MED_P  :  Fraction of writes for medium priority reasons
    RIORITY_BATCH_S
    IZE

    _DB_BLOCK_NUMA   :  Number of NUMA nodes
    _DB_BLOCK_PREFE  :  Batched IO enable fast longjumps
    TCH_FAST_LONGJU
    MPS_ENABLED

    _DB_BLOCK_PREFE  :  Prefetch limit in blocks
    TCH_LIMIT

    _DB_BLOCK_PREFE  :  Prefetch force override in blocks
    TCH_OVERRIDE

    _DB_BLOCK_PREFE  :  Batched IO enable private cache
    TCH_PRIVATE_CAC
    HE_ENABLED

    _DB_BLOCK_PREFE  :  Prefetch quota as a percent of cache size
    TCH_QUOTA

    _DB_BLOCK_PREFE  :  Batched IO enable skip reading buffers
    TCH_SKIP_READIN
    G_ENABLED

    _DB_BLOCK_PREFE  :  Allowed wasted percent threshold of prefetched size
    TCH_WASTED_THRE
    SHOLD_PERC

    _DB_BLOCK_TABLE  :  Size of shared table scan read buffer
    _SCAN_BUFFER_SI
    ZE

    _DB_BLOCK_TEMP_  :  generate redo for temp blocks
    REDO

    _DB_BLOCK_TRACE  :  trace buffer protect calls
    _PROTECT

    _DB_BLOCK_VLM_C  :  check of rvlm mapping leaks (for debugging)
    HECK

    _DB_BLOCK_VLM_L  :  Threshold for allowable vlm leaks
    EAK_THRESHOLD

    _DB_CACHE_ADVIC  :  cache advisory maximum multiple of current size to
    E_MAX_SIZE_FACT     similate
    OR

    _DB_CACHE_ADVIC  :  cache advisory sampling factor
    E_SAMPLE_FACTOR

    _DB_CACHE_ADVIC  :  cache simulation sanity check
    E_SANITY_CHECK

    _DB_CACHE_BLOCK  :  dump short call stack for block reads
    _READ_STACK_TRA
    CE

    _DB_CACHE_CRX_C  :  check for costly crx examination functions
    HECK

    _DB_CACHE_MISS_  :  check LEs after cache miss
    CHECK_LES

    _DB_CACHE_MMAN_  :  check for wait latch get under MMAN ops in kcb
    LATCH_CHECK

    _DB_CACHE_PRE_W  :  Buffer Cache Pre-Warm Enabled : hidden parameter
    ARM

    _DB_CACHE_PROCE  :  maximum number of cr pins a process may have
    SS_CR_PIN_MAX

    _DB_CACHE_WAIT_  :  trace new kslwaits
    DEBUG

    _DB_CHANGE_NOTI  :  enable db change notification
    FICATION_ENABLE

    _DB_CHECK_CELL_  :
    HINTS

    _DB_DISABLE_TEM  :  Disable Temp Encryption for Spills
    P_ENCRYPTION

    _DB_DUMP_FROM_D  :  dump contents from disk and efc
    ISK_AND_EFC

    _DB_DW_SCAN_ADA  :  if TRUE, enable adaptive DW scan cooling
    PTIVE_COOLING

    _DB_DW_SCAN_MAX  :  DW Scan adaptive cooling max shadow count
    _SHADOW_COUNT

    _DB_DW_SCAN_OBJ  :  DW Scan object cooling factor to cool all temperatures
    _COOLING_FACTOR

    _DB_DW_SCAN_OBJ  :  DW Scan object cooling interval in number of scans,
    _COOLING_INTERV     seconds, or pct of cache size
    AL

    _DB_DW_SCAN_OBJ  :  DW scan objtect cooling policy
    _COOLING_POLICY

    _DB_DW_SCAN_OBJ  :  DW Scan object warming increment when an object is
    _WARMING_INCREM     scanned
    ENT

    _DB_FAST_OBJ_CH  :  enable fast object drop sanity check
    ECK

    _DB_FAST_OBJ_CK  :  enable fast object checkpoint
    PT

    _DB_FAST_OBJ_TR  :  enable fast object truncate
    UNCATE

    _DB_FILE_DIRECT  :  Sequential I/O buf size
    _IO_COUNT

    _DB_FILE_EXEC_R  :  multiblock read count for regular clients
    EAD_COUNT

    _DB_FILE_FORMAT  :  Block formatting I/O buf count
    _IO_BUFFERS

    _DB_FILE_NONCON  :  number of noncontiguous db blocks to be prefetched
    TIG_MBLOCK_READ
    _COUNT

    _DB_FILE_OPTIMI  :  multiblock read count for regular clients
    ZER_READ_COUNT

    _DB_FLASHBACK_I  :  Flashback IO Buffer Size
    OBUF_SIZE

    _DB_FLASHBACK_L  :  Minimum flashback database log size in bytes
    OG_MIN_SIZE

    _DB_FLASHBACK_L  :  Minimum flashback database log total space in bytes
    OG_MIN_TOTAL_SP
    ACE

    _DB_FLASHBACK_N  :  Flashback Number of IO buffers
    UM_IOBUF

    _DB_FLASH_CACHE  :  Flash cache force replenish lower limit in buffers
    _FORCE_REPLENIS
    H_LIMIT

    _DB_FLASH_CACHE  :  Flash cache keep buffer upper limit in percentage
    _KEEP_LIMIT

    _DB_FLASH_CACHE  :  Flash cache maximum latency allowed in 10 milliseconds
    _MAX_LATENCY

    _DB_FLASH_CACHE  :  Flash cache maximum outstanding writes allowed
    _MAX_OUTSTANDIN
    G_WRITES

    _DB_FLASH_CACHE  :  Flash cache max read retry
    _MAX_READ_RETRY

    _DB_FLASH_CACHE  :  Flash cache maximum slow io allowed
    _MAX_SLOW_IO

    _DB_FLASH_CACHE  :  Flash cache write buffer upper limit in percentage
    _WRITE_LIMIT

    _DB_HANDLES      :  System-wide simultaneous buffer operations
    _DB_HANDLES_CAC  :  Buffer handles cached each process
    HED

    _DB_HOT_BLOCK_T  :  track hot blocks for hash latch contention
    RACKING

    _DB_INDEX_BLOCK  :  index block checking override parameter
    _CHECKING

    _DB_INITIAL_CAC  :  size of cache created at startup
    HESIZE_CREATE_M
    B

    _DB_L2_TRACING   :  flash cache debug tracing
    _DB_LARGE_DIRTY  :  Number of buffers which force dirty queue to be written
    _QUEUE

    _DB_LOST_WRITE_  :  Enable scn based lost write detection mechanism
    CHECKING

    _DB_LOST_WRITE_  :  Enable _db_lost_write_checking tracing
    TRACING

    _DB_MTTR_ADVICE  :  MTTR advisory
    _DB_MTTR_PARTIT  :  number of partitions for MTTR advisory
    IONS

    _DB_MTTR_SAMPLE  :  MTTR simulation sampling factor
    _FACTOR

    _DB_MTTR_SIM_TA  :  MTTR simulation targets
    RGET

    _DB_MTTR_SIM_TR  :  MTTR simulation trace size
    ACE_SIZE

    _DB_MTTR_TRACE_  :  dump trace entries to alert file
    TO_ALERT

    _DB_NOARCH_DISB  :  Image redo logging (NOARCHIVEMODE)
    LE_OPTIM

    _DB_NUM_EVICT_W  :  number of evict wait events
    AITEVENTS

    _DB_NUM_GSM      :  database number in gsm dbpool
    _DB_OBJ_ENABLE_  :  enable ksr in object checkpoint/reuse
    KSR

    _DB_PERCENT_HOT  :  Percent of default buffer pool considered hot
    _DEFAULT

    _DB_PERCENT_HOT  :  Percent of keep buffer pool considered hot
    _KEEP

    _DB_PERCENT_HOT  :  Percent of recycle buffer pool considered hot
    _RECYCLE

    _DB_PERCPU_CREA  :  size of cache created per cpu in deferred cache create
    TE_CACHESIZE

    _DB_PREFETCH_HI  :  maintain prefetch histogram statistics in x$kcbprfhs
    STOGRAM_STATIST
    ICS

    _DB_RECOVERY_TE  :  default database recovery temporal file location
    MPORAL_FILE_DES
    T

    _DB_REQUIRED_PE  :  percent of fairshare a processor group should always
    RCENT_FAIRSHARE     use
    _USAGE

    _DB_ROW_OVERLAP  :  row overlap checking override parameter for data/index
    _CHECKING           blocks

    _DB_TODEFER_CAC  :  buffer cache deferred create
    HE_CREATE

    _DB_WRITER_CHUN  :  Number of writes DBWR should wait for
    K_WRITES

    _DB_WRITER_COAL  :  Size of memory allocated to dbwriter for coalescing
    ESCE_AREA_SIZE      writes

    _DB_WRITER_COAL  :  Limit on size of coalesced write
    ESCE_WRITE_LIMI
    T

    _DB_WRITER_FLUS  :  If FALSE, DBWR will not downgrade IMU txns for AGING
    H_IMU

    _DB_WRITER_HIST  :  maintain dbwr histogram statistics in x$kcbbhs
    OGRAM_STATISTIC
    S

    _DB_WRITER_MAX_  :  Max number of outstanding DB Writer IOs
    WRITES

    _DB_WRITER_NOME  :  Enable DBWR no-memcopy coalescing
    MCOPY_COALESCE

    _DB_WRITER_VERI  :  Enable lost write detection mechanism
    FY_WRITES

    _DDE_FLOOD_CONT  :  Initialize Flood Control at database open
    ROL_INIT

    _DD_VALIDATE_RE  :  GES deadlock detection validate remote locks
    MOTE_LOCKS

    _DEADLOCK_DIAGN  :  automatic deadlock resolution diagnostics level
    OSTIC_LEVEL

    _DEADLOCK_RECOR  :  record resolved deadlocks to the alert log
    D_TO_ALERT_LOG

    _DEADLOCK_RESOL  :  create incidents when resolving any deadlock?
    UTION_INCIDENTS
    _ALWAYS

    _DEADLOCK_RESOL  :  create incidents during deadlock resolution
    UTION_INCIDENTS
    _ENABLED

    _DEADLOCK_RESOL  :  automatic deadlock resolution level
    UTION_LEVEL

    _DEADLOCK_RESOL  :  the minimum wait timeout required for deadlock
    UTION_MIN_WAIT_     resolution
    TIMEOUT_SECS

    _DEADLOCK_RESOL  :  the amount of time given to process a deadlock
    UTION_SIGNAL_PR     resolution signal
    OCESS_THRESH_SE
    CS

    _DEAD_PROCESS_S  :  PMON dead process scan interval (in seconds)
    CAN_INTERVAL

    _DEDICATED_SERV  :  dedicated server poll count
    ER_POLL_COUNT

    _DEDICATED_SERV  :  dedicated server post/wait
    ER_POST_WAIT

    _DEDICATED_SERV  :  dedicated server post/wait call
    ER_POST_WAIT_CA
    LL

    _DEFAULT_ENCRYP  :  default encryption algorithm
    T_ALG

    _DEFAULT_NON_EQ  :  sanity check on default selectivity for like/range
    UALITY_SEL_CHEC     predicate
    K

    _DEFERRED_CONST  :  Deferred constant folding mode
    ANT_FOLDING_MOD
    E

    _DEFERRED_LOG_D  :  consider deferred log dest as valid for log deletion
    EST_IS_VALID        (TRUE/FALSE)

    _DEFERRED_SEG_I  :  Enable Deferred Segment Creation in Seed
    N_SEED

    _DEFER_EOR_ORL_  :  defer EOR ORL archival for switchover
    ARCH_FOR_SO

    _DEFER_LOG_BOUN  :  defer media recovery checkpoint at log boundary
    DARY_CKPT

    _DEFER_LOG_COUN  :  Number of log boundaries media recovery checkpoint lags
    T                   behind

    _DEFER_RCV_DURI  :  Defer recovery during switchover to standby
    NG_SW_TO_SBY

    _DEFER_SGA_ALLO  :  Chunk size for defer sga allocation
    C_CHUNK_SIZE

    _DEFER_SGA_ENAB  :  Enable deferred shared memory allocation for SGA
    LED

    _DEFER_SGA_MIN_  :  Minimum shared pool size at startup with deferred sga
    SPSZ_AT_STARTUP     enabled

    _DEFER_SGA_MIN_  :  Minimum total deferred segs size for defer sga
    TOTAL_DEFER_SEG     allocation
    S_SZ

    _DEFER_SGA_TEST  :  SA** sleeps for N secs before allocating a deferred
    _ALLOC_INTV         segment

    _DELAY_INDEX_MA  :  delays index maintenance until after MV is refreshed
    INTAIN

    _DELTA_PUSH_SHA  :  enable delta push if greater than the # of share
    RE_BLOCKERS         blockers

    _DEQ_EXECUTE_RE  :  deq execute reset time
    SET_TIME

    _DEQ_HT_CHILD_L  :  deq ht child latches
    ATCHES

    _DEQ_HT_MAX_ELE  :  deq ht max elements
    MENTS

    _DEQ_LARGE_TXN_  :  deq large txn size
    SIZE

    _DEQ_LOG_ARRAY_  :  deq log array size
    SIZE

    _DEQ_MAXWAIT_TI  :  Change wait times between dequeue calls
    ME

    _DEQ_MAX_FETCH_  :  deq max fetch count
    COUNT

    _DESIRED_README  :  The desired percentage of redo reading from memory
    M_RATE

    _DG_BROKER_TRAC  :  data guard broker trace level
    E_LEVEL

    _DG_CF_CHECK_TI  :  Data Guard controlfile check timer
    MER

    _DG_CORRUPT_RED  :  Corrupt redo log validation during archivals
    O_LOG

    _DIAG_ADR_AUTO_  :  Enable/disable ADR MMON Auto Purging
    PURGE

    _DIAG_ADR_ENABL  :  Parameter to enable/disable Diag ADR
    ED

    _DIAG_ADR_TEST_  :  Test parameter for Diagnosability
    PARAM

    _DIAG_ARB_BEFOR  :  dump diagnostics before killing unresponsive ARBs
    E_KILL

    _DIAG_BACKWARD_  :  Backward Compatibility for Diagnosability
    COMPAT

    _DIAG_CC_ENABLE  :  Parameter to enable/disable Diag Call Context
    D

    _DIAG_CONF_CAP_  :  Parameter to enable/disable Diag Configuration Capture
    ENABLED

    _DIAG_CRASHDUMP  :  parameter for systemstate dump level, used by DIAG
    _LEVEL              during crash

    _DIAG_DAEMON     :  start DIAG daemon
    _DIAG_DDE_ASYNC  :  diag dde async actions: message age limit (in seconds)
    _AGE_LIMIT

    _DIAG_DDE_ASYNC  :  diag dde async actions: action cputime limit (in
    _CPUTIME_LIMIT      seconds)

    _DIAG_DDE_ASYNC  :  diag dde async actions: dispatch mode
    _MODE

    _DIAG_DDE_ASYNC  :  diag dde async actions: number of preallocated message
    _MSGS               buffers

    _DIAG_DDE_ASYNC  :  diag dde async actions: message buffer capacity
    _MSG_CAPACITY

    _DIAG_DDE_ASYNC  :  diag dde async actions: message processing rate – per
    _PROCESS_RATE       loop

    _DIAG_DDE_ASYNC  :  diag dde async actions: action runtime limit (in
    _RUNTIME_LIMIT      seconds)

    _DIAG_DDE_ASYNC  :  diag dde async actions: max number of concurrent slave
    _SLAVES             processes

    _DIAG_DDE_ENABL  :  enable DDE handling of critical errors
    ED

    _DIAG_DDE_FC_EN  :  Parameter to enable/disable Diag Flood Control
    ABLED

    _DIAG_DDE_FC_IM  :  Override Implicit Error Flood Control time parameter
    PLICIT_TIME

    _DIAG_DDE_FC_MA  :  Override Macro Error Flood Control time parameter
    CRO_TIME

    _DIAG_DDE_INC_P  :  The minimum delay between two MMON incident sweeps
    ROC_DELAY           (minutes)

    _DIAG_DIAGNOSTI  :  Turn off diag diagnostics
    CS

    _DIAG_DUMP_REQU  :  DIAG dump request debug level (0-2)
    EST_DEBUG_LEVEL

    _DIAG_DUMP_TIME  :  timeout parameter for SYNC dump
    OUT

    _DIAG_ENABLE_ST  :  enable events in instance startup notifiers
    ARTUP_EVENTS

    _DIAG_HM_RC_ENA  :  Parameter to enable/disable Diag HM Reactive Checks
    BLED

    _DIAG_HM_TC_ENA  :  Parameter to enable/disable Diag HM Test(dummy) Checks
    BLED

    _DIAG_PROC_ENAB  :  enable hung process diagnostic API
    LED

    _DIAG_PROC_MAX_  :  hung process diagnostic API max wait time in
    TIME_MS             milliseconds

    _DIAG_PROC_STAC  :  hung process diagnostic API stack capture type
    K_CAPTURE_TYPE

    _DIAG_TEST_SEG_  :  Sets trace segmentation to be in reincarnation mode
    REINC_MODE

    _DIAG_UTS_CONTR  :  UTS control parameter
    OL

    _DIAG_VERBOSE_E  :  Allow verbose error tracing on diag init
    RROR_ON_INIT

    _DIAG_XM_ENABLE  :  If TRUE, DIAG allows message exchanges across DB/ASM
    D                   boundary

    _DIMENSION_SKIP  :  control dimension skip when null feature
    _NULL

    _DIRECT_IO_SKIP  :  Skip current slot on error
    _CUR_SLOT_ON_ER
    ROR

    _DIRECT_IO_SLOT  :  number of slots for direct path I/O
    S

    _DIRECT_IO_WSLO  :  number of write slots for direct path I/O
    TS

    _DIRECT_PATH_IN  :  disable direct path insert features
    SERT_FEATURES

    _DIRECT_READ_DE  :  enable direct read decision based on optimizer
    CISION_STATISTI     statistics
    CS_DRIVEN

    _DISABLE_12751   :  disable policy timeout error (ORA-12751)
    _DISABLE_12CBIG  :  DIsable Storing ILM Statistics in 12cBigFiles
    FILE

    _DISABLE_ACTIVE  :  disable active influx move during parallel media
    _INFLUX_MOVE        recovery

    _DISABLE_ADAPTI  :  adaptive shrunk aggregation
    VE_SHRUNK_AGGRE
    GATION

    _DISABLE_APPLIA  :  Disable appliance-specific code
    NCE_CHECK

    _DISABLE_APPLIA  :  Disable appliance partnering algorithms
    NCE_PARTNERING

    _DISABLE_AUTOTU  :  disable autotune global transaction background
    NE_GTX              processes

    _DISABLE_BLOCK_  :  disable block checking at the session level
    CHECKING

    _DISABLE_CELL_O  :  disable cell optimized backups
    PTIMIZED_BACKUP
    S

    _DISABLE_CPU_CH  :  disable cpu_count check
    ECK

    _DISABLE_CURSOR  :  disable cursor sharing
    _SHARING

    _DISABLE_DATALA  :  disable datalayer sampling
    YER_SAMPLING

    _DISABLE_DIRECT  :  Disable directory link checking
    ORY_LINK_CHECK

    _DISABLE_DUPLEX  :  Turn off connection duplexing
    _LINK

    _DISABLE_FASTOP  :  Do Not Use Fastopen
    EN

    _DISABLE_FAST_A  :  fast aggregation
    GGREGATION

    _DISABLE_FAST_V  :  disable PL/SQL fast validation
    ALIDATE

    _DISABLE_FBA_QR  :  disable flashback archiver query rewrite
    W

    _DISABLE_FBA_WP  :  disable flashback archiver wait for prepared
    R                   transactions

    _DISABLE_FILE_L  :  disable file locks for control, data, redo log files
    OCKS

    _DISABLE_FLASHB  :  disable flashback archiver
    ACK_ARCHIVER

    _DISABLE_FLASHB  :  Don’t use the Flashback Recyclebin optimization
    ACK_RECYCLEBIN_
    OPT

    _DISABLE_FLASHB  :  Disable flashback wait callback
    ACK_WAIT_CALLBA
    CK

    _DISABLE_FUNCTI  :  disable function-based index matching
    ON_BASED_INDEX

    _DISABLE_GVAQ_C  :  Disable cache
    ACHE

    _DISABLE_HEALTH  :  Disable Health Check
    _CHECK

    _DISABLE_HIGHRE  :  disable high-res tick counter
    S_TICKS

    _DISABLE_IMAGE_  :  Disable Oracle executable image checking
    CHECK

    _DISABLE_IMPLIC  :  disable implicit row movement
    IT_ROW_MOVEMENT

    _DISABLE_INCREM  :  Disable incremental checkpoints for thread recovery
    ENTAL_CHECKPOIN
    TS

    _DISABLE_INCREM  :  Disable incremental recovery checkpoint mechanism
    ENTAL_RECOVERY_
    CKPT

    _DISABLE_INDEX_  :  disable index block prefetching
    BLOCK_PREFETCHI
    NG

    _DISABLE_INITIA  :  disable initial block compression
    L_BLOCK_COMPRES
    SION

    _DISABLE_INSTAN  :  disable instance type check for ksp
    CE_PARAMS_CHECK

    _DISABLE_INTERF  :  disable interface checking at startup
    ACE_CHECKING

    _DISABLE_KCBHXO  :  disable kcbh(c)xor OSD functionality
    R_OSD

    _DISABLE_KCBL_F  :  Disable KCBL flashback block new optimization
    LASHBACK_BLOCKN
    EW_OPT

    _DISABLE_KCB_FL  :  Disable KCB flashback block new optimization
    ASHBACK_BLOCKNE
    W_OPT

    _DISABLE_KGGHSH  :  disable kgghshcrc32chk OSD functionality
    CRC32_OSD

    _DISABLE_LATCH_  :  disable latch-free SCN writes using 32-bit compare &
    FREE_SCN_WRITES     swap
    _VIA_32CAS

    _DISABLE_LATCH_  :  disable latch-free SCN writes using 64-bit compare &
    FREE_SCN_WRITES     swap
    _VIA_64CAS

    _DISABLE_LOGGIN  :  Disable logging
    G

    _DISABLE_METRIC  :  Disable Metrics Group (or all Metrics Groups)
    S_GROUP

    _DISABLE_MULTIP  :  disable multiple block size support (for debugging)
    LE_BLOCK_SIZES

    _DISABLE_ODM     :  disable odm feature
    _DISABLE_PARALL  :  Disable parallel conventional loads
    EL_CONVENTIONAL
    _LOAD

    _DISABLE_PRIMAR  :  disable primary bitmap switch
    Y_BITMAP_SWITCH

    _DISABLE_READ_O  :  Disable read-only open dictionary check
    NLY_OPEN_DICT_C
    HECK

    _DISABLE_REBALA  :  disable space usage checks for storage reconfiguration
    NCE_SPACE_CHECK

    _DISABLE_RECOVE  :  Disable the read optimization during media recovery
    RY_READ_SKIP

    _DISABLE_ROLLIN  :  Disable Rolling Patch Feature
    G_PATCH

    _DISABLE_SAMPLE  :  disable row sampling IO optimization
    _IO_OPTIM

    _DISABLE_SAVEPO  :  disable the fix for bug 1402161
    INT_RESET

    _DISABLE_SELFTU  :  Disable self-tune checkpointing
    NE_CHECKPOINTIN
    G

    _DISABLE_STORAG  :  Disable storage type checks
    E_TYPE

    _DISABLE_STREAM  :  streams diagnostics
    S_DIAGNOSTICS

    _DISABLE_STREAM  :  disable streams pool auto tuning
    S_POOL_AUTO_TUN
    ING

    _DISABLE_SUN_RS  :  Disable IPC OSD support for Sun RSMAPI
    M

    _DISABLE_SYSTEM  :  disable system state dump
    _STATE

    _DISABLE_SYSTEM  :  Disable system state dump – wait samples
    _STATE_WAIT_SAM
    PLES

    _DISABLE_TEMP_T  :  disable tablespace alerts for TEMPORARY tablespaces
    ABLESPACE_ALERT
    S

    _DISABLE_THREAD  :  Disable thread internal disable feature
    _INTERNAL_DISAB
    LE

    _DISABLE_THREAD  :  Thread snapshot
    _SNAPSHOT

    _DISABLE_TXN_AL  :  disable txn layer alert
    ERT

    _DISABLE_UNDO_T  :  disable tablespace alerts for UNDO tablespaces
    ABLESPACE_ALERT
    S

    _DISABLE_WAIT_S  :  Disable wait state
    TATE

    _DISCRETE_TRANS  :  enable OLTP mode
    ACTIONS_ENABLED

    _DISKMON_PIPE_N  :  DiSKMon skgznp pipe name
    AME

    _DISK_SECTOR_SI  :  if TRUE, OSD sector size could be overridden
    ZE_OVERRIDE

    _DISPATCHER_RAT  :  scale to display rate statistic (100ths of a second)
    E_SCALE

    _DISPATCHER_RAT  :  time-to-live for rate statistic (100ths of a second)
    E_TTL

    _DISTINCT_VIEW_  :  enables unnesting of in subquery into distinct view
    UNNESTING

    _DISTRIBUTED_RE  :  number of seconds RECO holds outbound connections open
    COVERY_CONNECTI
    ON_HOLD_TIME

    _DLMTRACE        :  Trace string of global enqueue type(s)
    _DML_BATCH_ERRO  :  number or error handles allocated for DML in batch mode
    R_LIMIT

    _DML_FREQUENCY_  :  Control DML frequency tracking
    TRACKING

    _DML_FREQUENCY_  :  Control automatic advance and broadcast of DML
    TRACKING_ADVANC     frequencies
    E

    _DML_FREQUENCY_  :  Number of slots to use for DML frequency tracking
    TRACKING_SLOTS

    _DML_FREQUENCY_  :  Time length of each slot for DML frequency tracking
    TRACKING_SLOT_T
    IME

    _DML_MONITORING  :  enable modification monitoring
    _ENABLED

    _DM_DMF_DETAILS  :  set dm dmf details compatibility version
    _COMPATIBILITY

    _DM_ENABLE_LEGA  :  revert dmf output types to pre-12.1.0.1
    CY_DMF_OUTPUT_T
    YPES

    _DM_MAX_SHARED_  :  max percentage of the shared pool to use for a mining
    POOL_PCT            model

    _DNFS_RDMA_ENAB  :  Enable dNFS RDMA transfers
    LE

    _DNFS_RDMA_MAX   :  Maximum size of dNFS RDMA transfer
    _DNFS_RDMA_MIN   :  Minimum size of dNFS RDMA transfer
    _DOMAIN_INDEX_B  :  maximum number of rows from one call to domain index
    ATCH_SIZE           fetch routine

    _DOMAIN_INDEX_D  :  maximum number of rows for one call to domain index dml
    ML_BATCH_SIZE       routines

    _DRA_BMR_NUMBER  :  Maximum number of BMRs that can be done to a file
    _THRESHOLD

    _DRA_BMR_PERCEN  :  Maximum percentage of blocks in a file that can be
    T_THRESHOLD         BMR-ed

    _DRA_ENABLE_OFF  :  Enable the periodic creation of the offline dictionary
    LINE_DICTIONARY     for DRA

    _DRM_PARALLEL_F  :  if TRUE enables parallel drm freeze
    REEZE

    _DROP_FLASHBACK  :  Drop logical operations enqueue immediately during
    _LOGICAL_OPERAT     flashback marker generation
    IONS_ENQ

    _DROP_STAT_SEGM  :  drop ilm statistics segment
    ENT

    _DROP_TABLE_GRA  :  drop_table_granule
    NULE

    _DROP_TABLE_OPT  :  reduce SGA memory use during drop of a partitioned
    IMIZATION_ENABL     table
    ED

    _DSC_FEATURE_LE  :  controls the feature level for deferred segment
    VEL                 creation

    _DSKM_HEALTH_CH  :  DiSKMon health check counter
    ECK_CNT

    _DSS_CACHE_FLUS  :  enable full cache flush for parallel execution
    H

    _DS_ENABLE_AUTO  :  Dynamic Sampling Service Autonomous Transaction control
    _TXN                parameter

    _DS_IOCOUNT_IOS  :  Dynamic Sampling Service defaults: #IOs and IO Size
    IZE

    _DS_PARSE_MODEL  :  Dynamic Sampling Service Parse Model control parameter
    _DTREE_AREA_SIZ  :  size of Decision Tree Classification work area
    E

    _DTREE_BINNING_  :  Decision Tree Binning Enabled
    ENABLED

    _DTREE_BINTEST_  :  Decision Tree Binning Test ID
    ID

    _DTREE_COMPRESS  :  Decision Tree Using Compressed Bitmaps Enabled
    BMP_ENABLED

    _DTREE_MAX_SURR  :  maximum number of surrogates
    OGATES

    _DTREE_PRUNING_  :  Decision Tree Pruning Enabled
    ENABLED

    _DUMMY_INSTANCE  :  dummy instance started by RMAN
    _DUMP_10261_LEV  :  Dump level for event 10261, 1=>minimal dump 2=>top pga
    EL                  dump

    _DUMP_COMMON_SU  :  dump common subexpressions
    BEXPRESSIONS

    _DUMP_CONNECT_B  :  dump connect by loop error message into trc file
    Y_LOOP_DATA

    _DUMP_CURSOR_HE  :  dump comp/exec heap sizes to tryace file
    AP_SIZES

    _DUMP_INTERVAL_  :  trace dump time interval limit (in seconds)
    LIMIT

    _DUMP_MAX_LIMIT  :  max number of dump within dump interval
    _DUMP_QBC_TREE   :  dump top level query parse tree to trace
    _DUMP_RCVR_IPC   :  if TRUE enables IPC dump at instance eviction time
    _DUMP_SCN_INCRE  :  Dumps scn increment stack per session
    MENT_STACK

    _DUMP_SYSTEM_ST  :  scope of sysstate dump during instance termination
    ATE_SCOPE

    _DUMP_TRACE_SCO  :  scope of trace dump during a process crash
    PE

    _DYNAMIC_RLS_PO  :  rls policies are dynamic
    LICIES

    _DYNAMIC_STATS_  :  delay threshold (in seconds) between sending statistics
    THRESHOLD           messages

    _EIGHTEENTH_SPA  :  eighteenth spare parameter – string
    RE_PARAMETER

    _EIGHTH_SPARE_P  :  eighth spare parameter – integer
    ARAMETER

    _ELEVENTH_SPARE  :  eleventh spare parameter – integer
    _PARAMETER

    _ELIMINATE_COMM  :  enables elimination of common sub-expressions
    ON_SUBEXPR

    _EMON_MAX_ACTIV  :  maximum open connections to clients per emon
    E_CONNECTIONS

    _EMON_OUTBOUND_  :  timeout for completing connection set up to clients
    CONNECT_TIMEOUT

    _EMON_POOL_INC   :  increment in EMON slaves per pool type
    _EMON_POOL_MAX   :  maximum number of EMON slaves per pool type
    _EMON_POOL_MIN   :  minimum number of EMON slaves per pool type
    _EMON_REGULAR_N  :  number of EMON slaves doing regular database
    TFN_SLAVES          notifications

    _EMON_SEND_TIME  :  send timeout after which the client is unregistered
    OUT

    _EMX_CONTROL     :  EM Express control (internal use only)
    _EMX_MAX_SESSIO  :  Maximum number of sessions in the EM Express cache
    NS

    _EMX_SESSION_TI  :  Session timeout (sec) in the EM Express cache
    MEOUT

    _ENABLE_12G_BFT  :  enable 12g bigfile tablespace
    _ENABLE_ASYNCVI  :  enable asynch vectored I/O
    O

    _ENABLE_AUTOMAT  :  if 1, Automated Maintenance Is Enabled
    IC_MAINTENANCE

    _ENABLE_AUTOMAT  :  Automatic SQL Tuning Advisory enabled parameter
    IC_SQLTUNE

    _ENABLE_BLOCK_L  :  enable block level recovery
    EVEL_TRANSACTIO
    N_RECOVERY

    _ENABLE_CHECK_T  :  enable checking of corruption caused by canceled
    RUNCATE             truncate

    _ENABLE_COLUMNA  :  Enable Columnar Flash Cache Rewrite
    R_CACHE

    _ENABLE_CSCN_CA  :  enable commit SCN caching for all transactions
    CHING

    _ENABLE_DDL_WAI  :  use this to turn off ddls with wait semantics
    T_LOCK

    _ENABLE_DEFAULT  :  enable default implementation of hard affinity osds
    _AFFINITY

    _ENABLE_DEFAULT  :  Enable Default Tablespace Utilization Threshold for
    _TEMP_THRESHOLD     UNDO Tablespaces

    _ENABLE_DEFAULT  :  Enable Default Tablespace Utilization Threshold for
    _UNDO_THRESHOLD     TEMPORARY Tablespaces

    _ENABLE_DML_LOC  :  enable dml lock escalation against partitioned tables
    K_ESCALATION        if TRUE

    _ENABLE_EDITION  :  enable editions for all users
    S_FOR_USERS

    _ENABLE_EXCHANG  :  use check constraints on the table for validation
    E_VALIDATION_US
    ING_CHECK

    _ENABLE_FAST_RE  :  enable fast refresh after move tablespace
    F_AFTER_MV_TBS

    _ENABLE_FFW      :  FAL FORWARDING
    _ENABLE_FLASH_L  :  Enable Exadata Smart Flash Logging
    OGGING

    _ENABLE_FRONT_E  :  enable front end view optimization
    ND_VIEW_OPTIMIZ
    ATION

    _ENABLE_HASH_OV  :  TRUE – enable hash cluster overflow based on SIZE
    ERFLOW

    _ENABLE_HEATMAP  :  heatmap related – to be used by oracle dev only
    _INTERNAL

    _ENABLE_HWM_SYN  :  enable HWM synchronization
    C

    _ENABLE_IEE_STA  :  enables IEE stats gathering
    TS

    _ENABLE_ILM_FLU  :  Enable ILM Stats Flush
    SH_STATS

    _ENABLE_ILM_TES  :  Enable Test ILM Stats Flush
    TFLUSH_STATS

    _ENABLE_KQF_PUR  :  Enable KQF fixed runtime table purge
    GE

    _ENABLE_LGPG_DE  :  Enable LGPG debug mode
    BUG

    _ENABLE_LIST_IO  :  Enable List I/O
    _ENABLE_MIDTIER  :  enable midtier affinity metrics processing
    _AFFINITY

    _ENABLE_MINSCN_  :  enable/disable minscn optimization for CR
    CR

    _ENABLE_NATIVEN  :  Enable skgxp driver usage for native net
    ET_TCPIP

    _ENABLE_NUMA_IN  :  Enable NUMA interleave mode
    TERLEAVE

    _ENABLE_NUMA_OP  :  Enable NUMA specific optimizations
    TIMIZATION

    _ENABLE_NUMA_SU  :  Enable NUMA support and optimizations
    PPORT

    _ENABLE_OBJ_QUE  :  enable object queues
    UES

    _ENABLE_OFFLOAD  :  Enable offloaded writes for Unit Test
    ED_WRITES

    _ENABLE_ONLINE_  :  Allow online index creation algorithm without S DML
    INDEX_WITHOUT_S     lock
    _LOCKING

    _ENABLE_PLUGGAB  :  Enable Pluggable Database
    LE_DATABASE

    _ENABLE_QUERY_R  :  mv rewrite on remote table/view
    EWRITE_ON_REMOT
    E_OBJS

    _ENABLE_REDO_GL  :  LGWR post globally on write
    OBAL_POST

    _ENABLE_REFRESH  :  enable or disable MV refresh scheduling (revert to 9.2
    _SCHEDULE           behavior)

    _ENABLE_RELIABL  :  Enable reliable latch waits
    E_LATCH_WAITS

    _ENABLE_RENAME_  :  enable RENAME-clause using ALTER USER statement
    USER

    _ENABLE_RLB      :  enable RLB metrics processing
    _ENABLE_ROW_SHI  :  use the row shipping optimization for wide table
    PPING               selects

    _ENABLE_SB_DETE  :  Split Brain Detection
    CTION

    _ENABLE_SCHEMA_  :  enable DDL operations (e.g. creation) involving schema
    SYNONYMS            synonyms

    _ENABLE_SCN_WAI  :  use this to turn off scn wait interface in kta
    T_INTERFACE

    _ENABLE_SECUREF  :  Enable securefile flashback optimization
    ILE_FLASHBACK_O
    PT

    _ENABLE_SEPARAB  :  enable/disable separable transactions
    LE_TRANSACTIONS

    _ENABLE_SHARED_  :  temporary to disable/enable kgh policy
    POOL_DURATIONS

    _ENABLE_SHARED_  :  Enable shared server vector I/O
    SERVER_VECTOR_I
    O

    _ENABLE_SPACEBG  :  enable space management background task
    _ENABLE_SPACE_P  :  enable space pre-allocation
    REALLOCATION

    _ENABLE_TABLESP  :  enable tablespace alerts
    ACE_ALERTS

    _ENABLE_TYPE_DE  :  enable type dependent selectivity estimates
    P_SELECTIVITY

    _ENDPROT_CHUNK_  :  chunk comment for selective overrun protection
    COMMENT

    _ENDPROT_HEAP_C  :  heap comment for selective overrun protection
    OMMENT

    _ENDPROT_SUBHEA  :  selective overrun protection for subeheaps
    PS

    _ENQUEUE_DEADLO  :  enable deadlock detection on all global enqueues
    CK_DETECT_ALL_G
    LOBAL_LOCKS

    _ENQUEUE_DEADLO  :  deadlock scan interval
    CK_SCAN_SECS

    _ENQUEUE_DEADLO  :  requests with timeout <= this will not have deadlock
    CK_TIME_SEC         detection

    _ENQUEUE_DEBUG_  :  debug enqueue multi instance
    MULTI_INSTANCE

    _ENQUEUE_HASH    :  enqueue hash table length
    _ENQUEUE_HASH_C  :  enqueue hash chain latches
    HAIN_LATCHES

    _ENQUEUE_LOCKS   :  locks for managed enqueues
    _ENQUEUE_PARANO  :  enable enqueue layer advanced debugging checks
    IA_MODE_ENABLED

    _ENQUEUE_RESOUR  :  resources for enqueues
    CES

    _ENQUEUE_SYNC_R  :  max number of times the bg process to retry synchronous
    ETRY_ATTEMPTS       enqueue open if it failed because master could not
    allocate memory

    _ENQUEUE_SYNC_S  :  simulate master instance running out of memory when
    IM_MEM_ERROR        synchronously getting a remotely mastered enqueue

    _EVOLVE_PLAN_BA  :  Level of detail to show in plan verification/evolution
    SELINE_REPORT_L     report
    EVEL

    _EVT_SYSTEM_EVE  :  disable system event propagation
    NT_PROPAGATION

    _EXPAND_AGGREGA  :  expand aggregates
    TES

    _EXPLAIN_REWRIT  :  allow additional messages to be generated during
    E_MODE              explain rewrite

    _EXTENDED_PRUNI  :  do runtime pruning in iterator if set to TRUE
    NG_ENABLED

    _EXTERNAL_SCN_L  :  High delta SCN threshold in seconds
    OGGING_THRESHOL
    D_SECONDS

    _EXTERNAL_SCN_R  :  external SCN rejection delta threshold in minutes
    EJECTION_DELTA_
    THRESHOLD_MINUT
    ES

    _EXTERNAL_SCN_R  :  Lag in hours between max allowed SCN and an external
    EJECTION_THRESH     SCN
    OLD_HOURS

    _FAIRNESS_THRES  :  number of times to CR serve before downgrading lock
    HOLD

    _FAIR_REMOTE_CV  :  if TRUE enables fair remote convert
    T

    _FASTPIN_ENABLE  :  enable reference count based fast pins
    _FAST_CURSOR_RE  :  use more memory in order to get faster execution
    EXECUTE

    _FAST_DUAL_ENAB  :  enable/disable fast dual
    LED

    _FAST_FULL_SCAN  :  enable/disable index fast full scan
    _ENABLED

    _FAST_INDEX_MAI  :  fast global index maintenance during PMOPs
    NTENANCE

    _FAST_PSBY_CONV  :  Enable fast physical standby conversion
    ERSION

    _FBDA_BUSY_PERC  :  flashback archiver busy percentage
    ENTAGE

    _FBDA_DEBUG_ASS  :  flashback archiver debug assert for testing
    ERT

    _FBDA_DEBUG_MOD  :  flashback archiver debug event for testing
    E

    _FBDA_GLOBAL_BS  :  flashback archiver global barrier scn lag
    CN_LAG

    _FBDA_INLINE_PE  :  flashback archiver inline percentage
    RCENTAGE

    _FBDA_RAC_INACT  :  flashback archiver rac inactive limit
    IVE_LIMIT

    _FG_IORM_SLAVES  :  ForeGround I/O slaves for IORM
    _FG_LOG_CHECKSU  :  Checksum redo in foreground process
    M

    _FG_SYNC_SLEEP_  :  Log file sync via usleep
    USECS

    _FIC_ALGORITHM_  :  Set Frequent Itemset Counting Algorithm
    SET

    _FIC_AREA_SIZE   :  size of Frequent Itemset Counting work area
    _FIC_MAX_LENGTH  :  Frequent Itemset Counting Maximum Itemset Length
    _FIC_MIN_BMSIZE  :  Frequent Itemset Counting Minimum BITMAP Size
    _FIC_OUTOFMEM_C  :  Frequent Itemset Counting Out Of Memory Candidates
    ANDIDATES           Generation

    _FIFTEENTH_SPAR  :  fifteenth spare parameter – integer
    E_PARAMETER

    _FIFTH_SPARE_PA  :  fifth spare parameter – integer
    RAMETER

    _FILEMAP_DIR     :  FILEMAP directory
    _FILE_SIZE_INCR  :  Amount of file size increase increment, in bytes
    EASE_INCREMENT

    _FIRST_K_ROWS_D  :  enable the use of dynamic proration of join
    YNAMIC_PRORATIO     cardinalities
    N

    _FIRST_SPARE_PA  :  first spare parameter – integer
    RAMETER

    _FIX_CONTROL     :  bug fix control parameter
    _FLASHBACK_11.1  :  use 11.1 flashback block new optimization scheme
    _BLOCK_NEW_OPT

    _FLASHBACK_ALLO  :  Allow enabling flashback on noarchivelog database
    W_NOARCHIVELOG

    _FLASHBACK_ARCH  :  flashback archiver table partition size
    IVER_PARTITION_
    SIZE

    _FLASHBACK_BARR  :  Flashback barrier interval in seconds
    IER_INTERVAL

    _FLASHBACK_COPY  :  Number of flashback copy latches
    _LATCHES

    _FLASHBACK_DATA  :  Run Flashback Database in test mode
    BASE_TEST_ONLY

    _FLASHBACK_DELE  :  Amount of flashback log (in MB) to delete in one
    TE_CHUNK_MB         attempt

    _FLASHBACK_DYNA  :  enable flashback enable code path
    MIC_ENABLE

    _FLASHBACK_DYNA  :  Simulate failures during dynamic enable
    MIC_ENABLE_FAIL
    URE

    _FLASHBACK_ENAB  :  Flashback enable read ahead
    LE_RA

    _FLASHBACK_FORM  :  Chunk mega-bytes for formatting flashback logs using
    AT_CHUNK_MB         sync write

    _FLASHBACK_FORM  :  Chunk mega-bytes for formatting flashback logs using
    AT_CHUNK_MB_DWR     delayed write
    ITE

    _FLASHBACK_FUZZ  :  Use flashback fuzzy barrier
    Y_BARRIER

    _FLASHBACK_GENE  :  flashback generation buffer size
    RATION_BUFFER_S
    IZE

    _FLASHBACK_HINT  :  Flashback hint barrier percent
    _BARRIER_PERCEN
    T

    _FLASHBACK_LOGF  :  flashback logfile enqueue timeout for opens
    ILE_ENQUEUE_TIM
    EOUT

    _FLASHBACK_LOG_  :  Specify Flashback log I/O error behavior
    IO_ERROR_BEHAVI
    OR

    _FLASHBACK_LOG_  :  Minimum flashback log size
    MIN_SIZE

    _FLASHBACK_LOG_  :  flashback log rac balance factor
    RAC_BALANCE_FAC
    TOR

    _FLASHBACK_LOG_  :  Flashback log size
    SIZE

    _FLASHBACK_MARK  :  Enable flashback database marker cache
    ER_CACHE_ENABLE
    D

    _FLASHBACK_MARK  :  Size of flashback database marker cache
    ER_CACHE_SIZE

    _FLASHBACK_MAX_  :  Maximum flashback log size in bytes (OS limit)
    LOG_SIZE

    _FLASHBACK_MAX_  :  Maximum number of flashback logs per flashback thread
    N_LOG_PER_THREA
    D

    _FLASHBACK_MAX_  :  Maximum time span between standby recovery sync for
    STANDBY_SYNC_SP     flashback
    AN

    _FLASHBACK_N_LO  :  Desired number of flashback logs per flashback thread
    G_PER_THREAD

    _FLASHBACK_PREP  :  Prepare Flashback logs in the background
    ARE_LOG

    _FLASHBACK_SIZE  :  Size new flashback logs based on average redo log size
    _BASED_ON_REDO

    _FLASHBACK_STAN  :  Flashback standby barrier interval in seconds
    DBY_BARRIER_INT
    ERVAL

    _FLASHBACK_VALI  :  validate flashback pointers in controlfile for 11.2.0.2
    DATE_CONTROLFIL     database
    E

    _FLASHBACK_VERB  :  Print verbose information about flashback database
    OSE_INFO

    _FLASHBACK_WRIT  :  Flashback writer loop limit before it returns
    E_MAX_LOOP_LIMI
    T

    _FLUSH_ILM_STAT  :  flush ilm stats
    S

    _FLUSH_PLAN_IN_  :  Plan is being flushed from an AWR flush SQL
    AWR_SQL

    _FLUSH_REDO_TO_  :  Flush redo to standby test event parameter
    STANDBY

    _FLUSH_UNDO_AFT  :  if TRUE, flush undo buffers after TX recovery
    ER_TX_RECOVERY

    _FORCE_ARCH_COM  :  Archive Compress all newly created compressed tables
    PRESS

    _FORCE_DATEFOLD  :  force use of trunc for datefolding rewrite
    _TRUNC

    _FORCE_HASH_JOI  :  force hash join to spill to disk
    N_SPILL

    _FORCE_HSC_COMP  :  compress all newly created tables
    RESS

    _FORCE_LOGGING_  :  force logging during upgrade mode
    IN_UPGRADE

    _FORCE_OLTP_COM  :  OLTP Compress all newly created compressed tables
    PRESS

    _FORCE_OLTP_UPD  :  OLTP Compressed row optimization on update
    ATE_OPT

    _FORCE_RCV_INFO  :  Force recovery info ping to stdby
    _PING

    _FORCE_REWRITE_  :  control new query rewrite features
    ENABLE

    _FORCE_SLAVE_MA  :  Force slave mapping for intra partition loads
    PPING_INTRA_PAR
    T_LOADS

    _FORCE_SYS_COMP  :  Sys compress
    RESS

    _FORCE_TEMPTABL  :  executes concatenation of rollups using temp tables
    ES_FOR_GSETS

    _FORCE_TMP_SEGM  :  Force tmp segment loads
    ENT_LOADS

    _FORWARDED_2PC_  :  auto-tune threshold for two-phase commit rate across
    THRESHOLD           RAC instances

    _FOURTEENTH_SPA  :  fourteenth spare parameter – integer
    RE_PARAMETER

    _FOURTH_SPARE_P  :  fourth spare parameter – integer
    ARAMETER

    _FRAME_CACHE_TI  :  number of seconds a cached frame page stay in cache.
    ME

    _FULL_DIAG_ON_R  :  rim nodes have full DIA* function
    IM

    _FULL_PWISE_JOI  :  enable full partition-wise join when TRUE
    N_ENABLED

    _FUSION_SECURIT  :  Fusion Security
    Y

    _GBY_HASH_AGGRE  :  enable group-by and aggregation using hash scheme
    GATION_ENABLED

    _GBY_ONEKEY_ENA  :  enable use of one comparison of all group by keys
    BLED

    _GCR_CPU_MIN_FR  :  minimum amount of free CPU to flag an anomaly
    EE

    _GCR_ENABLE_HIG  :  if TRUE, GCR may kill foregrounds under high load
    H_CPU_KILL

    _GCR_ENABLE_HIG  :  if TRUE, GCR may enable a RM plan under high load
    H_CPU_RM

    _GCR_ENABLE_HIG  :  if TRUE, GCR may boost bg priority under high load
    H_CPU_RT

    _GCR_ENABLE_HIG  :  if TRUE, GCR may kill foregrounds under high memory
    H_MEMORY_KILL       load

    _GCR_ENABLE_NEW  :  if FALSE, revert to old drm load metric
    _DRM_CHECK

    _GCR_ENABLE_STA  :  if FALSE, revert to old cpu load metric
    TISTICAL_CPU_CH
    ECK

    _GCR_HIGH_CPU_T  :  minimum amount of CPU process must consume to be kill
    HRESHOLD            target

    _GCR_HIGH_MEMOR  :  minimum amount of Memory process must consume to be
    Y_THRESHOLD         kill target

    _GCR_MAX_RT_PRO  :  maximum number of RT DLM processes allowed by GCR
    CS

    _GCR_MEM_MIN_FR  :  minimum amount of free memory to flag an anomaly
    EE

    _GCR_USE_CSS     :  if FALSE, GCR wont register with CSS nor use any CSS
    feature

    _GCS_DISABLE_RE  :  disable remote client/shadow handles
    MOTE_HANDLES

    _GCS_DISABLE_SK  :  if TRUE, disable skip close optimization in remastering
    IP_CLOSE_REMAST
    ERING

    _GCS_DISABLE_SW  :  if TRUE, disable switching to local role with a writer
    ITCH_ROLE_WITH_
    WRITER

    _GCS_FAST_RECON  :  if TRUE, enable fast reconfiguration for gcs locks
    FIG

    _GCS_LATCHES     :  number of gcs resource hash latches to be allocated per
    LMS process

    _GCS_MIN_SLAVES  :  if non zero, it enables the minimum number of gcs
    slaves

    _GCS_PKEY_HISTO  :  number of pkey remastering history
    RY

    _GCS_PROCESS_IN  :  if TRUE, process gcs requests during instance recovery
    _RECOVERY

    _GCS_RESERVED_R  :  allocate the number of reserved resources in
    ESOURCES            reconfiguration

    _GCS_RESERVED_S  :  allocate the number of reserved shadows in
    HADOWS              reconfiguration

    _GCS_RESOURCES   :  number of gcs resources to be allocated
    _GCS_RES_HASH_B  :  number of gcs resource hash buckets to be allocated
    UCKETS

    _GCS_RES_PER_BU  :  number of gcs resource per hash bucket
    CKET

    _GCS_SHADOW_LOC  :  number of pcm shadow locks to be allocated
    KS

    _GCS_TESTING     :  GCS testing parameter
    _GC_AFFINITY_AC  :  if TRUE, save the time we acquired an affinity lock
    QUIRE_TIME

    _GC_AFFINITY_LO  :  if TRUE, enable object affinity
    CKING

    _GC_AFFINITY_LO  :  if TRUE, get affinity locks
    CKS

    _GC_AFFINITY_RA  :  dynamic object affinity ratio
    TIO

    _GC_ASYNC_SEND   :  send blocks asynchronously
    _GC_BYPASS_READ  :  if TRUE, modifications bypass readers
    ERS

    _GC_CHECK_BSCN   :  if TRUE, check for stale blocks
    _GC_COALESCE_RE  :  if TRUE, coalesce recovery reads
    COVERY_READS

    _GC_CPU_TIME     :  if TRUE, record the gc cpu time
    _GC_CR_SERVER_R  :  if TRUE, cr server waits for a read to complete
    EAD_WAIT

    _GC_DEFER_PING_  :  if TRUE, restrict deferred ping to index blocks only
    INDEX_ONLY

    _GC_DEFER_TIME   :  how long to defer pings for hot buffers in milliseconds
    _GC_DELTA_PUSH_  :  if delta >= K bytes, compress before push
    COMPRESSION

    _GC_DELTA_PUSH_  :  max delta level for delta push
    MAX_LEVEL

    _GC_DELTA_PUSH_  :  objects which use delta push
    OBJECTS

    _GC_DISABLE_S_L  :  if TRUE, disable S lock BRR ping check for lost write
    OCK_BRR_PING_CH     protect
    ECK

    _GC_DOWN_CONVER  :  if TRUE, down-convert lock after recovery
    T_AFTER_KEEP

    _GC_ELEMENT_PER  :  global cache element percent
    CENT

    _GC_ESCALATE_BI  :  if TRUE, escalates create a bid
    D

    _GC_FG_MERGE     :  if TRUE, merge pi buffers in the foreground
    _GC_FG_SPIN_TIM  :  foreground msgq spin time
    E

    _GC_FLUSH_DURIN  :  if TRUE, flush during affinity
    G_AFFINITY

    _GC_FUSION_COMP  :  compress fusion blocks if there is free space
    RESSION

    _GC_GLOBAL_CHEC  :  if TRUE, enable global checkpoint scn
    KPOINT_SCN

    _GC_GLOBAL_CPU   :  global cpu checks
    _GC_GLOBAL_LRU   :  turn global lru off, make it automatic, or turn it on
    _GC_GLOBAL_LRU_  :  global lru touch count
    TOUCH_COUNT

    _GC_GLOBAL_LRU_  :  global lru touch time in seconds
    TOUCH_TIME

    _GC_INTEGRITY_C  :  set the integrity check level
    HECKS

    _GC_KEEP_RECOVE  :  if TRUE, make single instance crash recovery buffers
    RY_BUFFERS          current

    _GC_LATCHES      :  number of latches per LMS process
    _GC_LOG_FLUSH    :  if TRUE, flush redo log before a current block transfer
    _GC_LONG_QUERY_  :  threshold for long running query
    THRESHOLD

    _GC_MAXIMUM_BID  :  maximum number of bids which can be prepared
    S

    _GC_MAX_DOWNCVT  :  maximum downconverts to process at one time
    _GC_NO_FAIRNESS  :  if TRUE, no fairness if we serve a clone
    _FOR_CLONES

    _GC_OBJECT_QUEU  :  maximum length for an object queue
    E_MAX_LENGTH

    _GC_OVERRIDE_FO  :  if TRUE, try to override force-cr requests
    RCE_CR

    _GC_PERSISTENT_  :  if TRUE, enable persistent read-mostly locking
    READ_MOSTLY

    _GC_POLICY_MINI  :  dynamic object policy minimum activity per minute
    MUM

    _GC_POLICY_TIME  :  how often to make object policy decisions in minutes
    _GC_READ_MOSTLY  :  if TRUE, optimize flushes for read mostly objects
    _FLUSH_CHECK

    _GC_READ_MOSTLY  :  if TRUE, enable read-mostly locking
    _LOCKING

    _GC_SANITY_CHEC  :  if TRUE, sanity check CR buffers
    K_CR_BUFFERS

    _GC_SAVE_CLEANO  :  if TRUE, save cleanout to apply later
    UT

    _GC_SPLIT_FLUSH  :  if TRUE, flush index split redo before rejecting bast
    _GC_STATISTICS   :  if TRUE, kcl statistics are maintained
    _GC_TEMP_AFFINI  :  if TRUE, enable global temporary affinity
    TY

    _GC_TRANSFER_RA  :  dynamic object read-mostly transfer ratio
    TIO

    _GC_UNDO_AFFINI  :  if TRUE, enable undo affinity
    TY

    _GC_UNDO_BLOCK_  :  if TRUE, enable undo block disk reads
    DISK_READS

    _GC_VECTOR_READ  :  if TRUE, vector read current buffers
    _GENERALIZED_PR  :  controls extensions to partition pruning for general
    UNING_ENABLED       predicates

    _GES_DD_DEBUG    :  if 1 or higher enables GES deadlock detection debug
    diagnostics

    _GES_DEFAULT_LM  :  default lmds for enqueue hashing
    DS

    _GES_DESIGNATED  :  designated master for GES and GCS resources
    _MASTER

    _GES_DIAGNOSTIC  :  if TRUE enables GES diagnostics
    S

    _GES_DIAGNOSTIC  :  systemstate level on global enqueue diagnostics blocked
    S_ASM_DUMP_LEVE     by ASM
    L

    _GES_DIRECT_FRE  :  if TRUE, free each resource directly to the freelist
    E

    _GES_DIRECT_FRE  :  string of resource types(s) to directly free to the
    E_RES_TYPE          freelist

    _GES_DUMP_OPEN_  :  if TRUE, dump open locks for the LCK process during
    LOCKS               shutdown

    _GES_FGGL        :  DLM fg grant lock on/off
    _GES_FREEABLE_R  :  if TRUE, free dynamic resource chunks which are
    ES_CHUNK_FREE       freeable

    _GES_FREEABLE_R  :  time interval for freeing freeable dynamic resource
    ES_CHUNK_FREE_I     chunks
    NTERVAL

    _GES_GATHER_RES  :  if TRUE, gather resource reuse statistics
    _REUSE_STATS

    _GES_HASH_GROUP  :  enqueue hash table groups
    S

    _GES_HEALTH_CHE  :  if greater than 0 enables GES system health check
    CK

    _GES_LMD_MAPPIN  :  enqueue to lmd mapping
    G

    _GES_NRES_DIVID  :  how to divide number of enqueue resources among hash
    E                   tables

    _GES_NUM_BLOCKE  :  number of blockers to be killed for hang resolution
    RS_TO_KILL

    _GES_RESOURCE_M  :  enable different level of ges res memory optimization
    EMORY_OPT

    _GES_SERVER_PRO  :  number of background global enqueue server processes
    CESSES

    _GLOBALINDEX_PN  :  enables filter for global index with partition extended
    UM_FILTER_ENABL     syntax
    ED

    _GLOBAL_HANG_AN  :  the interval at which global hang analysis is run
    ALYSIS_INTERVAL
    _SECS

    _GRANT_SECURE_R  :  Disallow granting of SR to NSR
    OLE

    _GROUPBY_NOPUSH  :  groupby nopushdown cut ratio
    DOWN_CUT_RATIO

    _GROUPBY_ORDERB  :  groupby/orderby don’t combine threshold
    Y_COMBINE

    _GSM             :  GSM descriptions
    _GSM_CONFIG_VER  :  version of gsm config
    S

    _GSM_CPU_THRESH  :  CPU busy threshold
    _GSM_DRV_INTERV  :  metric derived values interval
    AL

    _GSM_MAX_INSTAN  :  maximum number of instances per database in gsm cloud
    CES_PER_DB

    _GSM_MAX_NUM_RE  :  maximum number of regions in gsm cloud
    GIONS

    _GSM_REGION_LIS  :  List of GSM Regions
    T

    _GSM_SRLAT_THRE  :  Single block read latency threshold
    SH

    _GSM_THRESH_RES  :  threshold resource percentage
    PCT

    _GSM_THRESH_ZON  :  threshold zone
    E

    _GS_ANTI_SEMI_J  :  enable anti/semi join for the GS query
    OIN_ALLOWED

    _GWM_SPARE1      :  gsm spare 1
    _GWM_SPARE2      :  gsm spare 2
    _GWM_SPARE3      :  gsm spare 3
    _HANG_ANALYSIS_  :  hang analysis num call stacks
    NUM_CALL_STACKS

    _HANG_BASE_FILE  :  Number of trace files for the normal base trace file
    _COUNT

    _HANG_BASE_FILE  :  File space limit for current normal base trace file
    _SPACE_LIMIT

    _HANG_BOOL_SPAR  :  Hang Management 1
    E1

    _HANG_CROSS_BOU  :  Hang Management Cross Boundary detection
    NDARY_HANG_DETE
    CTION_ENABLED

    _HANG_DELAY_RES  :  Hang Management delays hang resolution for library
    OLUTION_FOR_LIB     cache
    CACHE

    _HANG_DETECTION  :  Hang Management detection
    _ENABLED

    _HANG_DETECTION  :  Hang Management detection interval in seconds
    _INTERVAL

    _HANG_HANG_ANAL  :  if TRUE hang manager outputs hang analysis hang chains
    YZE_OUTPUT_HANG
    _CHAINS

    _HANG_HILOAD_PR  :  Hang Management high load or promoted ignored hang
    OMOTED_IGNORED_     count
    HANG_COUNT

    _HANG_HIPRIOR_S  :  Hang Management high priority session attribute list
    ESSION_ATTRIBUT
    E_LIST

    _HANG_IGNORED_H  :  Time in seconds ignored hangs must persist after
    ANGS_INTERVAL       verification

    _HANG_IGNORED_H  :  Hang Management ignored hang count
    ANG_COUNT

    _HANG_INT_SPARE  :  Hang Management 2
    2

    _HANG_LOG_VERIF  :  Hang Management log verified hangs to alert log
    IED_HANGS_TO_AL
    ERT

    _HANG_LONG_WAIT  :  Long session wait time threshold in seconds
    _TIME_THRESHOLD

    _HANG_LWS_FILE_  :  Number of trace files for long waiting sessions
    COUNT

    _HANG_LWS_FILE_  :  File space limit for current long waiting session trace
    SPACE_LIMIT         file

    _HANG_MONITOR_A  :  Time in seconds ignored hangs must persist after
    RCHIVING_RELATE     verification
    D_HANG_INTERVAL

    _HANG_MSG_CHECK  :  enable hang graph message checksum
    SUM_ENABLED

    _HANG_RESOLUTIO  :  Hang Management hang resolution allow archiving issue
    N_ALLOW_ARCHIVI     termination
    NG_ISSUE_TERMIN
    ATION

    _HANG_RESOLUTIO  :  Hang Management hang resolution confidence promotion
    N_CONFIDENCE_PR
    OMOTION

    _HANG_RESOLUTIO  :  Hang Management hang resolution global hang confidence
    N_GLOBAL_HANG_C     promotion
    ONFIDENCE_PROMO
    TION

    _HANG_RESOLUTIO  :  Hang Management hang resolution policy
    N_POLICY

    _HANG_RESOLUTIO  :  Hang Management hang resolution promote process
    N_PROMOTE_PROCE     termination
    SS_TERMINATION

    _HANG_RESOLUTIO  :  Hang Management hang resolution scope
    N_SCOPE

    _HANG_SIGNATURE  :  Hang Signature List matched output frequency
    _LIST_MATCH_OUT
    PUT_FREQUENCY

    _HANG_STATISTIC  :  Hang Management statistics collection interval in
    S_COLLECTION_IN     seconds
    TERVAL

    _HANG_STATISTIC  :  Hang Management statistics collection moving average
    S_COLLECTION_MA     alpha
    _ALPHA

    _HANG_STATISTIC  :  Hang Management statistics high IO percentage threshold
    S_HIGH_IO_PERCE
    NTAGE_THRESHOLD

    _HANG_TERMINATE  :  Hang Management terminates sessions allowing replay
    _SESSION_REPLAY
    _ENABLED

    _HANG_VERIFICAT  :  Hang Management verification interval in seconds
    ION_INTERVAL

    _HARD_PROTECTIO  :  if TRUE enable H.A.R.D specific format changes
    N

    _HASHOPS_PREFET  :  maximum no of rows whose relevant memory locations are
    CH_SIZE             prefetched

    _HASH_JOIN_ENAB  :  enable/disable hash join
    LED

    _HASH_MULTIBLOC  :  number of blocks hash join will read/write at once
    K_IO_COUNT

    _HB_REDO_MSG_IN  :  BOC HB redo message interval in ms
    TERVAL

    _HEATMAP_FORMAT  :  heatmap related – to be used by oracle dev only
    _1BLOCK

    _HEATMAP_MIN_MA  :  Internal testing only
    XSIZE

    _HEUR_DEADLOCK_  :  the heuristic wait time per node for deadlock
    RESOLUTION_SECS     resolution

    _HIGHRES_DRIFT_  :  allowed highres timer drift for VKTM
    ALLOWED_SEC

    _HIGHTHRESHOLD_  :  high threshold undo_retention in seconds
    UNDORETENTION

    _HIGH_PRIORITY_  :  High Priority Process Name Mask
    PROCESSES

    _HIGH_SERVER_TH  :  high server thresholds
    RESHOLD

    _HJ_BIT_FILTER_  :  hash-join bit filtering threshold (0 always enabled)
    THRESHOLD

    _HM_ANALYSIS_OR  :  the oradebug system state level for hang manager hang
    ADEBUG_SYS_DUMP     analysis
    _LEVEL

    _HM_XM_ENABLED   :  If TRUE, DIA0 allows message exchanges across DB/ASM
    boundary

    _HWM_SYNC_THRES  :  HWM synchronization threshold in percentage
    HOLD

    _IDLE_SESSION_K  :  enables or disables resource manager session idle limit
    ILL_ENABLED         checks

    _IDL_CONVENTION  :  enable conventional index maintenance for insert direct
    AL_INDEX_MAINTE     load
    NANCE

    _IDXRB_ROWINCR   :  proportionality constant for dop vs. rows in index
    rebuild

    _IGNORE_DESC_IN  :  ignore DESC in indexes, sort those columns ascending
    _INDEX              anyhow

    _IGNORE_EDITION  :  ignore schema’s edition-enabled status during EV
    _ENABLED_FOR_EV     creation
    _CREATION

    _IGNORE_FG_DEPS  :  ignore fine-grain dependencies during invalidation
    _ILMFLUSH_STAT_  :  ILM flush statistics limit – Internal testing only
    LIMIT

    _ILMSET_STAT_LI  :  ILM set statistics limit – Internal testing only
    MIT

    _ILMSTAT_MEMLIM  :  Percentage of shared pool for use by ILM Statistics
    IT

    _ILM_FILTER_TIM  :  Upper filter time for ILM block compression
    E

    _ILM_FILTER_TIM  :  Lower filter time for ILM block compression
    E_LOWER

    _ILM_MEM_LIMIT   :  percentage of the max shared pool heat-map can use –
    internal

    _ILM_POLICY_NAM  :  User specified ILM policy name
    E

    _IMAGE_REDO_GEN  :  Image redo generation delay in centi-seconds (direct
    _DELAY              write mode)

    _IMMEDIATE_COMM  :  if TRUE, propagate commit SCN immediately
    IT_PROPAGATION

    _IMPROVED_OUTER  :  improved outer-join cardinality calculation
    JOIN_CARD

    _IMPROVED_ROW_L  :  enable the improvements for computing the average row
    ENGTH_ENABLED       length

    _IMR_ACTIVE      :  Activate Instance Membership Recovery feature
    _IMR_AVOID_DOUB  :  Avoid device voting for CSS reconfig during IMR
    LE_VOTING

    _IMR_CONTROLFIL  :  IMR controlfile access wait time in seconds
    E_ACCESS_WAIT_T
    IME

    _IMR_DEVICE_TYP  :  Type of device to be used by IMR
    E

    _IMR_DISKVOTE_I  :  IMR disk voting implementation method
    MPLEMENTATION

    _IMR_DISK_VOTIN  :  Maximum wait for IMR disk voting (seconds)
    G_INTERVAL

    _IMR_EVICTED_ME  :  IMR issue evicted member kill after a wait
    MBER_KILL

    _IMR_EVICTED_ME  :  IMR evicted member kill wait time in seconds
    MBER_KILL_WAIT

    _IMR_EXTRA_RECO  :  Extra reconfiguration wait in seconds
    NFIG_WAIT

    _IMR_HIGHLOAD_T  :  IMR system highload threshold
    HRESHOLD

    _IMR_MAX_RECONF  :  Maximum Reconfiguration delay (seconds)
    IG_DELAY

    _IMR_RR_HOLDER_  :  IMR max time instance is allowed to hold RR lock in
    KILL_TIME           seconds

    _IMR_SPLITBRAIN  :  Maximum wait for split-brain resolution (seconds)
    _RES_WAIT

    _IMR_SYSTEMLOAD  :  Perform the system load check during IMR
    _CHECK

    _IMU_POOLS       :  in memory undo pools
    _INCREMENTAL_RE  :  minimum number of writes for incremental recovery ckpt
    COVERY_CKPT_MIN     every second
    _BATCH

    _INDEX_JOIN_ENA  :  enable the use of index joins
    BLED

    _INDEX_LOAD_BUF  :  index load buf oltp sacrifice pct
    _OLTP_SACRIFICE
    _PCT

    _INDEX_LOAD_BUF  :  index load buf and comp oltp under-estimation pct
    _OLTP_UNDER_PCT

    _INDEX_MAX_INC_  :  max itl expand percentage soft limit during index
    TRANS_PCT           insert

    _INDEX_PARTITIO  :  Enables large extent allocation for partitioned indices
    N_LARGE_EXTENTS

    _INDEX_PREFETCH  :  index prefetching factor
    _FACTOR

    _INDEX_SCAN_CHE  :  check and skip corrupt blocks during index scans
    CK_SKIP_CORRUPT

    _INDEX_SCAN_CHE  :  check stopkey during index range scans
    CK_STOPKEY

    _INIT_GRANULE_I  :  number of granules to process for deferred cache
    NTERVAL

    _INIT_SQL_FILE   :  File containing SQL statements to execute upon database
    creation

    _INJECT_STARTUP  :  inject fault in the startup code
    _FAULT

    _INLINE_SQL_IN_  :  inline SQL in PL/SQL
    PLSQL

    _INPLACE_UPDATE  :  inplace update retry for ora1551
    _RETRY

    _INQUIRY_RETRY_  :  if greater than 0 enables inquiry retry after specified
    INTERVAL            interval

    _INSERT_ENABLE_  :  during parallel inserts high water marks are brokered
    HWM_BROKERED

    _INST_LOCKING_P  :  period an instance can retain a newly acquired level1
    ERIOD               bitmap

    _INTERCONNECT_C  :  if TRUE, checksum interconnect blocks
    HECKSUM

    _INTRAPART_PDML  :  Enable intra-partition updates/deletes
    _ENABLED

    _INTRAPART_PDML  :  Enable intra-partition updates/deletes with random
    _RANDOMLOCAL_EN     local dist
    ABLED

    _IN_MEMORY_TBS_  :  FALSE – disable fast path for alter tablespace read
    SEARCH              only

    _IN_MEMORY_UNDO  :  Make in memory undo for top level transactions
    _IOCALIBRATE_IN  :  iocalibrate init I/Os per process
    IT_IOS

    _IOCALIBRATE_MA  :  iocalibrate max I/Os per process
    X_IOS

    _IOQ_FANIN_MULT  :  IOQ miss count before a miss exception
    IPLIER

    _IORM_TOUT       :  IORM scheduler timeout value in msec
    _IOR_SERIALIZE_  :  inject fault in the ior serialize code
    FAULT

    _IOSLAVE_BATCH_  :  Per attempt IOs picked
    COUNT

    _IOSLAVE_ISSUE_  :  IOs issued before completion check
    COUNT

    _IO_INTERNAL_TE  :  I/O internal testing parameter
    ST

    _IO_OSD_PARAM    :  OSD specific parameter
    _IO_OUTLIER_THR  :  Latency threshold for io_outlier table
    ESHOLD

    _IO_RESOURCE_MA  :  io resource manager always on
    NAGER_ALWAYS_ON

    _IO_SHARED_POOL  :  Size of I/O buffer pool from SGA
    _SIZE

    _IO_SLAVES_DISA  :  Do not use I/O slaves
    BLED

    _IO_STATISTICS   :  if TRUE, ksfd I/O statistics are collected
    _IPC_FAIL_NETWO  :  Simulate cluster network failer
    RK

    _IPC_TEST_FAILO  :  Test transparent cluster network failover
    VER

    _IPC_TEST_MULT_  :  simulate multiple cluster networks
    NETS

    _IPDDB_ENABLE    :  Enable IPD/DB data collection
    _JOB_QUEUE_INTE  :  Wakeup interval in seconds for job queue co-ordinator
    RVAL

    _K2Q_LATCHES     :  number of k2q latches
    _KA_ALLOW_REENA  :  reenability of kernel accelerator service after disable
    BLE

    _KA_COMPATIBILI  :  kernel accelerator compatibility operation requirement
    TY_REQUIREMENT

    _KA_DOORBELL     :  kernel accelerator doorbell mode
    _KA_LOCKS_PER_S  :  locks per sector in kernel accelerator
    ECTOR

    _KA_MODE         :  kernel accelerator mode
    _KA_MSG_REAP_CO  :  maximum number of KA messages to receive and process
    UNT                 per wait

    _KA_PBATCH_MESS  :  kernel accelerator perform pbatch messages
    AGES

    _KCFIS_AUTOMEM_  :  Set auto memory management control for kcfis memory
    LEVEL               allocation

    _KCFIS_BLOCK_DU  :  Smart IO block dump level
    MP_LEVEL

    _KCFIS_CACHING_  :  enable kcfis intra-scan session caching
    ENABLED

    _KCFIS_CELLOFLS  :  Enable offload server usage for passthru operations
    RV_PASSTHRU_ENA
    BLED

    _KCFIS_CELLOFLS  :  Enable offload server usage for offload operations
    RV_USAGE_ENABLE
    D

    _KCFIS_CELL_PAS  :  Allow dataonly passthru for smart scan
    STHRU_DATAONLY

    _KCFIS_CELL_PAS  :  Do not perform smart IO filtering on the cell
    STHRU_ENABLED

    _KCFIS_CELL_PAS  :  Enable automatic passthru mode when cell CPU util is
    STHRU_FROMCPU_E     too high
    NABLED

    _KCFIS_CONTROL1  :  Kcfis control1
    _KCFIS_CONTROL2  :  Kcfis control2
    _KCFIS_CONTROL3  :  Kcfis control3
    _KCFIS_CONTROL4  :  Kcfis control4
    _KCFIS_CONTROL5  :  Kcfis control5
    _KCFIS_CONTROL6  :  Kcfis control6
    _KCFIS_DISABLE_  :  Don’t use platform-specific decryption on the storage
    PLATFORM_DECRYP     cell
    TION

    _KCFIS_DUMP_COR  :  Dump any corrupt blocks found during smart IO
    RUPT_BLOCK

    _KCFIS_FAST_RES  :  Enable smart scan optimization for fast response (first
    PONSE_ENABLED       rows)

    _KCFIS_FAST_RES  :  Fast response – The size of the first IO in logical
    PONSE_INITIOSIZ     blocks
    E

    _KCFIS_FAST_RES  :  Fast response – (next IO size = current IO size * this
    PONSE_IOSIZEMUL     parameter)
    T

    _KCFIS_FAST_RES  :  Fast response – the number of IOs after which smartIO
    PONSE_THRESHOLD     is used

    _KCFIS_FAULT_CO  :  Fault Injection Control
    NTROL

    _KCFIS_IOREQS_T  :  Enable Smart IO requests throttling
    HROTTLE_ENABLED

    _KCFIS_IO_PREFE  :  Smart IO prefetch size for a cell
    TCH_SIZE

    _KCFIS_KEPT_IN_  :  Enable usage of cellsrv flash cache for kept objects
    CELLFC_ENABLED

    _KCFIS_LARGE_PA  :  enable large payload to be passed to cellsrv
    YLOAD_ENABLED

    _KCFIS_MAX_CACH  :  Sets the maximum number of kcfis sessions cached
    ED_SESSIONS

    _KCFIS_MAX_OUT_  :  Sets the maximum number of outstanding translations in
    TRANSLATIONS        kcfis

    _KCFIS_NONKEPT_  :  Enable use of cellsrv flash cache for non-kept objects
    IN_CELLFC_ENABL
    ED

    _KCFIS_OSS_IO_S  :  KCFIS OSS I/O size
    IZE

    _KCFIS_QM_PRIOR  :  Prioritize Quaranitine Manager system plan
    ITIZE_SYS_PLAN

    _KCFIS_QM_USER_  :  Quaranitine Manager user plan name
    PLAN_NAME

    _KCFIS_RDBMS_BL  :  Use block IO instead of smart IO in the smart IO module
    OCKIO_ENABLED       on RDBMS

    _KCFIS_READ_BUF  :  KCFIS Read Buffer (per session) memory limit in bytes
    FER_LIMIT

    _KCFIS_SPAWN_DE  :  Decides whether to spawn the debugger at kcfis
    BUGGER              initialize

    _KCFIS_STATS_LE  :  sets kcfis stats level
    VEL

    _KCFIS_STORAGEI  :  Debug mode for storage index on the cell
    DX_DIAG_MODE

    _KCFIS_STORAGEI  :  Don’t use storage index optimization on the storage
    DX_DISABLED         cell

    _KCFIS_TEST_CON  :  kcfis tst control1
    TROL1

    _KCFIS_TRACE_BU  :  KCFIS tracing bucket size in bytes
    CKET_SIZE

    _KCL_COMMIT      :  if TRUE, call kjbcommit
    _KCL_CONSERVATI  :  if TRUE, conservatively log flush before CR serving
    VE_LOG_FLUSH

    _KCL_DEBUG       :  if TRUE, record le history
    _KCL_INDEX_SPLI  :  if TRUE, reject pings on blocks in middle of a split
    T

    _KDBL_ENABLE_PO  :  allocate dbas after populating data buffers
    ST_ALLOCATION

    _KDIC_SEGARR_SZ  :  size threshold for segmented arrays for
    seg_info_kdicctx

    _KDIS_REJECT_LE  :  b+tree level to enable rejection limit
    VEL

    _KDIS_REJECT_LI  :  #block rejections in space reclamation before segment
    MIT                 extension

    _KDIS_REJECT_OP  :  enable rejection heuristic for branch splits
    S

    _KDIZOLTP_UNCOM  :  kdizoltp uncomp sentinal frequency
    PSENTINAL_FREQ

    _KDI_AVOID_BLOC  :  avoid index block checking on sensitive opcodes
    K_CHECKING

    _KDLF_READ_FLAG  :  kdlf read flag
    _KDLI_ALLOW_COR  :  allow corrupt filesystem_logging data blocks during
    RUPT                read/write

    _KDLI_BUFFER_IN  :  use buffer injection for CACHE [NO]LOGGING lobs
    JECT

    _KDLI_CACHEABLE  :  minimum lob length for inode cacheability
    _LENGTH

    _KDLI_CACHE_INO  :  cache inode state across calls
    DE

    _KDLI_CACHE_REA  :  minimum lob size for cache->nocache read (0 disables
    D_THRESHOLD         heuristic)

    _KDLI_CACHE_SIZ  :  maximum #entries in inode cache
    E

    _KDLI_CACHE_VER  :  verify cached inode via deserialization
    IFY

    _KDLI_CACHE_WRI  :  minimum lob size for cache->nocache write (0 disables
    TE_THRESHOLD        heuristic)

    _KDLI_CHECKPOIN  :  do not invalidate cache buffers after write
    T_FLUSH

    _KDLI_DBC        :  override db_block_checking setting for securefiles
    _KDLI_DELAY_FLU  :  delay flushing cache writes to direct-write lobs
    SHES

    _KDLI_DESCN_ADJ  :  coalesce extents with deallocation scn adjustment
    _KDLI_FLUSH_CAC  :  flush cache-reads data blocks after load
    HE_READS

    _KDLI_FLUSH_INJ  :  flush injected buffers of CACHE NOLOGGING lobs before
    ECTIONS             commit

    _KDLI_FORCE_CR   :  force CR when reading data blocks of direct-write lobs
    _KDLI_FORCE_CR_  :  force CR when reading metadata blocks of direct-write
    META                lobs

    _KDLI_FORCE_STO  :  force storage settings for all lobs
    RAGE

    _KDLI_FULL_READ  :  maximum lob size for full readahead
    AHEAD_THRESHOLD

    _KDLI_INJECT_AS  :  inject asserts into the inode
    SERT

    _KDLI_INJECT_BA  :  buffer injection batch size [1, KCBNEWMAX]
    TCH

    _KDLI_INJECT_CR  :  inject crashes into the inode
    ASH

    _KDLI_INLINE_XF  :  allow inline transformed lobs
    M

    _KDLI_INODE_PRE  :  inline inode evolution preference (data, headless, lhb)
    FERENCE

    _KDLI_INPLACE_O  :  maximum inplace overwrite size (> chunksize)
    VERWRITE

    _KDLI_ITREE_ENT  :  #entries in lhb/itree blocks (for testing only)
    RIES

    _KDLI_MEMORY_PR  :  trace accesses to inode memory outside kdli API
    OTECT               functions

    _KDLI_MTS_SO     :  use state objects in shared server for asyncIO
    pipelines

    _KDLI_ONEBLK     :  allocate chunks as single blocks
    _KDLI_PREALLOCA  :  preallocation mode for lob growth
    TION_MODE

    _KDLI_PREALLOCA  :  percentage preallocation [0 .. inf) for lob growth
    TION_PCT

    _KDLI_RALC_LENG  :  lob length threshold to trigger rounded allocations
    TH

    _KDLI_RALC_ROUN  :  rounding granularity for rounded allocations
    DING

    _KDLI_RCI_LOBMA  :  #entries in RCI lobmap before migration to lhb
    P_ENTRIES

    _KDLI_READAHEAD  :  shared/cached IO readahead limit
    _LIMIT

    _KDLI_READAHEAD  :  shared/cached IO readahead strategy
    _STRATEGY

    _KDLI_RECENT_SC  :  use recent (not dependent) scns for block
    N                   format/allocation

    _KDLI_RESHAPE    :  reshape an inode to inline or headless on length
    truncation

    _KDLI_SAFE_CALL  :  invoke inode read/write callbacks safely
    BACKS

    _KDLI_SIO_ASYNC  :  asynchronous shared IO
    _KDLI_SIO_BACKO  :  use exponential backoff when attempting SIOP
    FF                  allocations

    _KDLI_SIO_BPS    :  maximum blocks per IO slot
    _KDLI_SIO_DOP    :  degree-of-parallelism in the SIO keep pool
    _KDLI_SIO_FBWRI  :  percentage of buffer used for direct writes in
    TE_PCT              flashback-db

    _KDLI_SIO_FGIO   :  reap asynchronous IO in the foreground
    _KDLI_SIO_FILEO  :  shared IO fileopen mode: datasync vs nodatasync vs
    PEN                 async

    _KDLI_SIO_FLUSH  :  enable shared IO pool operations
    _KDLI_SIO_FREE   :  free IO buffers when not in active use
    _KDLI_SIO_MIN_R  :  shared IO pool read threshold
    EAD

    _KDLI_SIO_MIN_W  :  shared IO pool write threshold
    RITE

    _KDLI_SIO_NBUFS  :  maximum #IO buffers to allocate per session
    _KDLI_SIO_NIODS  :  maximum #IO descriptors to allocate per session
    _KDLI_SIO_ON     :  enable shared IO pool operations
    _KDLI_SIO_PGA    :  use PGA allocations for direct IO
    _KDLI_SIO_PGA_T  :  PGA allocations come from toplevel PGA heap
    OP

    _KDLI_SIO_STRAT  :  shared IO strategy: block vs. extent
    EGY

    _KDLI_SIO_WRITE  :  percentage of buffer used for direct writes
    _PCT

    _KDLI_SMALL_CAC  :  size limit of small inode cache
    HE_LIMIT

    _KDLI_SORT_DBAS  :  sort dbas during chunkification
    _KDLI_SPACE_CAC  :  maximum size of the space cache in #blocks
    HE_LIMIT

    _KDLI_SQUEEZE    :  compact lobmap extents with contiguous dbas
    _KDLI_STOP_BSZ   :  undocumented parameter for internal use only
    _KDLI_STOP_DBA   :  undocumented parameter for internal use only
    _KDLI_STOP_FSZ   :  undocumented parameter for internal use only
    _KDLI_STOP_NIO   :  undocumented parameter for internal use only
    _KDLI_STOP_TSN   :  undocumented parameter for internal use only
    _KDLI_TIMER_DMP  :  dump inode timers on session termination
    _KDLI_TIMER_TRC  :  trace inode timers to uts/tracefile
    _KDLI_TRACE      :  inode trace level
    _KDLI_VLL_DIREC  :  use skip-navigation and direct-positioning in
    T                   vll-domain

    _KDLU_MAX_BUCKE  :  UTS kdlu bucket size
    T_SIZE

    _KDLU_MAX_BUCKE  :  UTS kdlu bucket size for mts
    T_SIZE_MTS

    _KDLU_TRACE_LAY  :  UTS kdlu per-layer trace level
    ER

    _KDLU_TRACE_SYS  :  UTS system dump
    TEM

    _KDLWP_FLUSH_TH  :  WGC flush threshold in bytes
    RESHOLD

    _KDLW_ENABLE_KS  :  enable ksi locking for lobs
    I_LOCKING

    _KDLW_ENABLE_WR  :  enable lob write gathering for sql txns
    ITE_GATHERING

    _KDLXP_CMP_SUBU  :  size of compression sub-unit in bytes
    NIT_SIZE

    _KDLXP_DEDUP_FL  :  deduplication flush threshold in bytes
    USH_THRESHOLD

    _KDLXP_DEDUP_HA  :  secure hash algorithm for deduplication – only on
    SH_ALGO             SecureFiles

    _KDLXP_DEDUP_IN  :  deduplication pct size increase by which inlining
    L_PCTFREE           avoided

    _KDLXP_DEDUP_PR  :  deduplication prefix hash threshold in bytes
    EFIX_THRESHOLD

    _KDLXP_DEDUP_WA  :  deduplication length to allow write-append
    PP_LEN

    _KDLXP_LOBCMPAD  :  enable adaptive compression – only on SecureFiles
    P

    _KDLXP_LOBCMPLE  :  Default securefile compression
    VEL

    _KDLXP_LOBCMPRC  :  Default securefile compression map version
    IVER

    _KDLXP_LOBCOMPR  :  enable lob compression – only on SecureFiles
    ESS

    _KDLXP_LOBDEDUP  :  enable lob deduplication – only on SecureFiles
    LICATE

    _KDLXP_LOBDEDUP  :  enable deduplicate validate – only on SecureFiles
    VALIDATE

    _KDLXP_LOBENCRY  :  enable lob encryption – only on SecureFiles
    PT

    _KDLXP_MINCMP    :  minimum comp ratio in pct – only on SecureFiles
    _KDLXP_MINCMPLE  :  minimum loblen to compress – only on SecureFiles
    N

    _KDLXP_MINXFM_S  :  minimum transformation size in bytes
    IZE

    _KDLXP_SPARE1    :  deduplication spare 1
    _KDLXP_UNCMP     :  lob data uncompressed – only on SecureFiles
    _KDLXP_XFMCACHE  :  enable xfm cache – only on SecureFiles
    _KDTGSP_RETRIES  :  max number of retries in kdtgsp if space returns same
    block

    _KDT_BUFFERING   :  control kdt buffering for conventional inserts
    _KDU_ARRAY_DEPT  :  array update retry recursion depth limits
    H

    _KDZ_HCC_FLAGS   :  Miscellaneous HCC flags
    _KDZ_HCC_TRACK_  :  Enable rowid tracking during updates
    UPD_RIDS

    _KDZ_PRED_NROWS  :  Number of rows to predicate at a time in kdzt
    _KDZ_PROJ_NROWS  :  Number of rows to project at a time in kdzt
    _KD_SYMTAB_CHK   :  enable or disable symbol table integrity block check
    _KEBM_NSTRIKES   :  kebm # strikes to auto suspend an action
    _KEBM_SUSPENSIO  :  kebm auto suspension time in seconds
    N_TIME

    _KECAP_CACHE_SI  :  Workload Replay INTERNAL parameter used to set memory
    ZE                  usage in  Application Replay

    _KEEP_REMOTE_CO  :  remote column size does not get modified
    LUMN_SIZE

    _KERNEL_MESSAGE  :  kernel message network driver
    _NETWORK_DRIVER

    _KES_PARSE_MODE  :  SQL Tune/SPA KES Layer Parse Model control parameter
    L

    _KFFMAP_HASH_SI  :  size of kffmap_hash table
    ZE

    _KFFMLK_HASH_SI  :  size of kffmlk_hash table
    ZE

    _KFFMOP_CHUNKS   :  number of chunks of kffmop’s
    _KFFMOP_HASH_SI  :  size of kffmop_hash table
    ZE

    _KFM_DISABLE_SE  :  disable set fence calls and revert to default (process
    T_FENCE             fence)

    _KGHDSIDX_COUNT  :  max kghdsidx count
    _KGLSIM_MAXMEM_  :  max percentage of shared pool size to be used for KGL
    PERCENT             advice

    _KGL_BUCKET_COU  :  Library cache hash table bucket count
    NT                  (2^_kgl_bucket_count * 256)

    _KGL_CAP_HD_ALO  :  capture stacks for library cache handle allocation
    _STACKS

    _KGL_CLUSTER_LO  :  Library cache support for cluster lock
    CK

    _KGL_CLUSTER_LO  :  Library cache support for cluster lock read mostly
    CK_READ_MOSTLY      optimization

    _KGL_CLUSTER_PI  :  Library cache support for cluster pins
    N

    _KGL_DEBUG       :  Library cache debugging
    _KGL_FIXED_EXTE  :  fixed extent size for library cache memory allocations
    NTS

    _KGL_HASH_COLLI  :  Library cache name hash collision possible
    SION

    _KGL_HEAP_SIZE   :  extent size for library cache heap 0
    _KGL_HOT_OBJECT  :  Number of copies for the hot object
    _COPIES

    _KGL_KQR_CAP_SO  :  capture stacks for library and row cache state objects
    _STACKS

    _KGL_LARGE_HEAP  :  maximum heap size before KGL writes warnings to the
    _WARNING_THRESH     alert log
    OLD

    _KGL_LATCH_COUN  :  number of library cache latches
    T

    _KGL_MESSAGE_LO  :  RAC message lock count
    CKS

    _KGL_MIN_CACHED  :  Minimum cached SO count. If > 1 can help find SO
    _SO_COUNT           corruptions

    _KGL_TIME_TO_WA  :  time to wait for locks and pins before timing out
    IT_FOR_LOCKS

    _KGSB_THRESHOLD  :  threshold size for base allocator
    _SIZE

    _KGX_LATCHES     :  # of mutex latches if CAS is not supported.
    _KILL_CONTROLFI  :  enable killing controlfile enqueue blocker on timeout
    LE_ENQUEUE_BLOC
    KER

    _KILL_DIAGNOSTI  :  timeout delay in seconds before killing enqueue blocker
    CS_TIMEOUT

    _KILL_ENQUEUE_B  :  if greater than 0 enables killing enqueue blocker
    LOCKER

    _KILL_JAVA_THRE  :  Kill Java threads and do sessionspace migration at end
    ADS_ON_EOC          of call

    _KILL_SESSION_D  :  Process dump on kill session immediate
    UMP

    _KJAC_FORCE_OUT  :  if TRUE, enable to run force outcome on the current
    COME_CURRENT_SE     session
    SSION

    _KJDD_CALL_STAC  :  Enables printing of short call stack with the WFG
    K_DUMP_ENABLED

    _KJDD_WFG_DUMP_  :  To control the way Wait-For_Graph is dumped
    CNTRL

    _KJLTMAXGT       :  record latch requests that takes longer than this many
    us

    _KJLTMAXHT       :  record latch reqeust that are held longer than this
    many us

    _KJLTON          :  track DLM latch usage on/off
    _KKFI_TRACE      :  trace expression substitution
    _KKS_FREE_CURSO  :  percentage of cursor stats buckets to scan on each
    R_STAT_PCT          load, in 1/10th of a percent

    _KOKLI_CACHE_SI  :  Size limit of ADT Table Lookup Cache
    ZE

    _KOKLN_CURRENT_  :  Make all LOB reads for this session ‘current’ reads
    READ

    _KOLFUSESLF      :  allow kolf to use slffopen
    _KQDSN_MAX_INST  :  maximum bits used for instance value in sequence
    ANCE_BITS           partition

    _KQDSN_MIN_INST  :  minimum bits used for instance value in sequence
    ANCE_BITS           partition

    _KQDSN_PARTITIO  :  ratio of instance to session bits in sequence partition
    N_RATIO

    _KQL_SUBHEAP_TR  :  tracing level for library cache subheap level pins
    ACE

    _KQR_OPTIMISTIC  :  optimistic reading of row cache objects
    _READS

    _KSB_RESTART_CL  :  process uptime for restarts
    EAN_TIME

    _KSB_RESTART_PO  :  process restart policy times in seconds
    LICY_TIMES

    _KSDXDOCMD_DEFA  :  default timeout for internal oradebug commands
    ULT_TIMEOUT_MS

    _KSDXDOCMD_ENAB  :  if TRUE ksdxdocmd* invocations are enabled
    LED

    _KSDXW_CINI_FLG  :  ksdxw context initialization flag
    _KSDXW_NBUFS     :  ksdxw number of buffers in buffered mode
    _KSDXW_NUM_PGW   :  number of watchpoints on a per-process basis
    _KSDXW_NUM_SGW   :  number of watchpoints to be shared by all processes
    _KSDXW_STACK_DE  :  number of PCs to collect in the stack when watchpoint
    PTH                 is hit

    _KSDX_CHARSET_R  :  ratio between the system and oradebug character set
    ATIO

    _KSD_TEST_PARAM  :  KSD test parmeter
    _KSE_DIE_TIMEOU  :  amount of time a dying process is spared by PMON (in
    T                   centi-secs)

    _KSE_PC_TABLE_S  :  kse pc table cache size
    IZE

    _KSE_SIGNATURE_  :  number of entries in the kse stack signature cache
    ENTRIES

    _KSE_SIGNATURE_  :  number of stack frames to cache per kse signature
    LIMIT

    _KSE_SNAP_RING_  :  should error snap ring entries show a short stack trace
    RECORD_STACK

    _KSE_SNAP_RING_  :  ring buffer to debug internal error 17090
    SIZE

    _KSE_TRACE_INT_  :  enables soft assert of KGECLEAERERROR is cleares an
    MSG_CLEAR           interrupt message

    _KSFD_VERIFY_WR  :  verify asynchronous writes issued through ksfd
    ITE

    _KSIPC_LIBIPC_P  :  over-ride default location of libipc
    ATH

    _KSIPC_MODE      :  ksipc mode
    _KSIPC_SPARE_PA  :  ksipc spare param 1
    RAM1

    _KSIPC_SPARE_PA  :  ksipc spare param 2
    RAM2

    _KSIPC_WAIT_FLA  :  tune ksipcwait
    GS

    _KSI_CLIENTLOCK  :  if TRUE, DLM-clients can provide the lock memory
    S_ENABLED

    _KSI_TRACE       :  KSI trace string of lock type(s)
    _KSI_TRACE_BUCK  :  memory tracing: use ksi-private or rdbms-shared bucket
    ET

    _KSI_TRACE_BUCK  :  size of the KSI trace bucket
    ET_SIZE

    _KSMB_DEBUG      :  ksmb debug flags
    _KSMD_PROTECT_M  :  KSMD protect mode for catching stale access
    ODE

    _KSMG_GRANULE_L  :  granule locking status
    OCKING_STATUS

    _KSMG_GRANULE_S  :  granule size in bytes
    IZE

    _KSMG_LOCK_CHEC  :  timeout action interval in minutes
    K_INTERVAL

    _KSMG_LOCK_REAC  :  repeat count for acquisition of locks
    QUIRE_COUNT

    _KSMLSAF         :  KSM log alloc and free
    _KSM_POST_SGA_I  :  seconds to delay instance startup at sga initialization
    NIT_NOTIF_DELAY     (post)
    _SECS

    _KSM_PRE_SGA_IN  :  seconds to delay instance startup at sga initialization
    IT_NOTIF_DELAY_     (pre)
    SECS

    _KSPOL_TAC_TIME  :  timeouts for TAC registerd by kspol
    OUT

    _KSR_UNIT_TEST_  :  number of ksr unit test processes
    PROCESSES

    _KSS_CALLSTACK_  :  state object callstack trace type
    TYPE

    _KSS_QUIET       :  if TRUE access violations during kss dumps are not
    recorded

    _KSUITM_ADDON_T  :  command to execute when dead processes don’t go away
    RCCMD

    _KSUITM_DONT_KI  :  delay inst. termination to allow processes to dump
    LL_DUMPER

    _KSU_DIAG_KILL_  :  number of seconds ksuitm waits before killing diag
    TIME

    _KSVPPKTMODE     :  ksv internal pkt test
    _KSV_DYNAMIC_FL  :  ksv dynamic flags 1 – override default behavior
    AGS1

    _KSV_MAX_SPAWN_  :  bg slave spawn failure limit
    FAIL_LIMIT

    _KSV_POOL_HANG_  :  bg slave pool terminate timeout
    KILL_TO

    _KSV_POOL_WAIT_  :  bg slave pool wait limit
    TIMEOUT

    _KSV_SLAVE_EXIT  :  slave exit timeout
    _TIMEOUT

    _KSV_SPAWN_CONT  :  control all spawning of background slaves
    ROL_ALL

    _KSV_STATIC_FLA  :  ksv static flags 1 – override default behavior
    GS1

    _KSXP_COMPAT_FL  :  ksxp compat flags
    AGS

    _KSXP_CONTROL_F  :  modify ksxp behavior
    LAGS

    _KSXP_DIAGMODE   :  set to OFF to disable automatic slowsend diagnostics
    _KSXP_DISABLE_C  :  disable CLSS interconnects
    LSS

    _KSXP_DISABLE_D  :  disable dynamic loadin of lib skgxp
    YNAMIC_LOADING

    _KSXP_DISABLE_I  :  disable ipc statistics
    PC_STATS

    _KSXP_DISABLE_R  :  disable possibility of starting rolling migration
    OLLING_MIGRATIO
    N

    _KSXP_DUMP_TIME  :  set timeout for kjzddmp request
    OUT

    _KSXP_DYNAMIC_S  :  dynamic skgxp parameters
    KGXP_PARAM

    _KSXP_IF_CONFIG  :  ksxp if config flags
    _KSXP_INIT_STAT  :  initial number arrays for ipc statistics
    S_BKTS

    _KSXP_LWIPC_ENA  :  enable lwipc for KSXP
    BLED

    _KSXP_MAX_STATS  :  max. arrays for ipc statistics
    _BKTS

    _KSXP_PING_ENAB  :  disable dynamic loadin of lib skgxp
    LE

    _KSXP_PING_POLL  :  max. arrays for ipc statistics
    ING_TIME

    _KSXP_REAPING    :  tune ksxp layer reaping limit
    _KSXP_REPORTING  :  reporting process for KSXP
    _PROCESS

    _KSXP_SEND_TIME  :  set timeout for sends queued with the inter-instance
    OUT                 IPC

    _KSXP_SKGXPG_LA  :  last defined skgxpg parameter – ksxp
    ST_PARAMETER

    _KSXP_SKGXP_ANT  :  SKGXP ANT options
    _OPTIONS

    _KSXP_SKGXP_COM  :  over-ride default location of lib skgxp compat
    PAT_LIBRARY_PAT
    H

    _KSXP_SKGXP_CTX  :  IPC debug options flags (RAC)
    _FLAGS1

    _KSXP_SKGXP_CTX  :  IPC debug options flags mask (RAC)
    _FLAGS1MASK

    _KSXP_SKGXP_DYN  :  IPC protocol override (RAC)
    AMIC_PROTOCOL       (0/-1=*,2=UDP,3=RDS,!0x1000=ipc_X)

    _KSXP_SKGXP_INE  :  limit SKGXP networks
    TS

    _KSXP_SKGXP_LIB  :  over-ride default location of lib skgxp
    RARY_PATH

    _KSXP_SKGXP_RGN  :  region socket limits (0xFFFFNNXX): F=flags, N=min,
    _PORTS              X=max

    _KSXP_SKGXP_SPA  :  ipc ksxp spare parameter 1
    RE_PARAM1

    _KSXP_SKGXP_SPA  :  ipc ksxp spare parameter 2
    RE_PARAM2

    _KSXP_SKGXP_SPA  :  ipc ksxp spare parameter 3
    RE_PARAM3

    _KSXP_SKGXP_SPA  :  ipc ksxp spare parameter 4
    RE_PARAM4

    _KSXP_SKGXP_SPA  :  ipc ksxp spare parameter 5
    RE_PARAM5

    _KSXP_STATS_MEM  :  limit ipc statistics memory. this parameter is a
    _LMT                percentage value

    _KSXP_TESTING    :  KSXP test parameter
    _KSXP_UNIT_TEST  :  enable byte transformation unit test
    _BYTE_TRANSFORM
    ATION

    _KSXP_WAIT_FLAG  :  tune ksxpwait
    S

    _KTB_DEBUG_FLAG  :  ktb-layer debug flags
    S

    _KTC_DEBUG       :  for ktc debug
    _KTC_LATCHES     :  number of ktc latches
    _KTILMSC_EXP     :  expiration time of ktilm segment cache (in second)
    _KTSLJ_SEGEXT_M  :  segment pre-extension max size in MB (0: unlimited)
    AX_MB

    _KTSLJ_SEGEXT_R  :  segment pre-extension retry
    ETRY

    _KTSLJ_SEGEXT_W  :  segment pre-extension warning threshold in percentage
    ARNING

    _KTSLJ_SEGEXT_W  :  segment pre-extension warning threshold in MB
    ARNING_MB

    _KTSPSRCH_MAXSC  :  maximum segments supported by space search cache
    _KTSPSRCH_MAXSK  :  space search cache rejection skip upper limit
    IP

    _KTSPSRCH_SCCHK  :  cleanout check time of space search cache
    _KTSPSRCH_SCEXP  :  expiration time of space search cache
    _KTST_RSS_MAX    :  maximum temp extents to be released across instance
    _KTST_RSS_MIN    :  minimum temp extents to be released across instance
    _KTST_RSS_RETRY  :  maximum retries of sort segment release
    _KTTEXT_WARNING  :  tablespace pre-extension warning threshold in
    percentage

    _KTU_LATCHES     :  number of KTU latches
    _KU_TRACE        :  datapump trace parameter
    _KXDBIO_CTX_INI  :  initial count of KXDBIO state object
    T_COUNT

    _KXDBIO_DISABLE  :  KXDBIO Disable offload for the set opcodes.  Value is a
    _OFFLOAD_OPCODE     Bitmap of    0x00000001 – disable cell to cell data
    copy offload    0x00000002 – disable disk scrubbing
    offload to cell    0x00000004 – disable offloaded
    writes to cell

    _KXDBIO_ENABLE_  :  KXDBIO Enable Dumb storage simulation for the set
    DS_OPCODE           opcodes.

    _KXDBIO_HCA_LOA  :  HCA loadavg threshold at which writes need to get
    DAVG_THRESH         offloaded

    _KXDBIO_UT_CTL   :  kxdbio unit test controls
    _LARGE_POOL_MIN  :  minimum allocation size in bytes for the large
    _ALLOC              allocation pool

    _LAST_ALLOCATIO  :  period over which an instance can retain an active
    N_PERIOD            level1 bitmap

    _LATCH_CLASSES   :  latch classes override
    _LATCH_CLASS_0   :  latch class 0
    _LATCH_CLASS_1   :  latch class 1
    _LATCH_CLASS_2   :  latch class 2
    _LATCH_CLASS_3   :  latch class 3
    _LATCH_CLASS_4   :  latch class 4
    _LATCH_CLASS_5   :  latch class 5
    _LATCH_CLASS_6   :  latch class 6
    _LATCH_CLASS_7   :  latch class 7
    _LATCH_MISS_STA  :  Sid of process for which to collect latch stats
    T_SID

    _LATCH_WAIT_LIS  :  Time to sleep on latch wait list until getting priority
    T_PRI_SLEEP_SEC
    S

    _LDR_IO_SIZE     :  size of write IOs used during a load operation
    _LDR_IO_SIZE2    :  size of write IOs used during a load operation of EHCC
    with HWMB

    _LDR_PGA_LIM     :  pga limit, beyond which new partition loads are delayed
    _LDR_TEMPSEG_TH  :  amount to buffer prior to allocating temp segment
    RESHOLD             (extent sizing)

    _LEFT_NESTED_LO  :  enable random distribution method for left of
    OPS_RANDOM          nestedloops

    _LGWR_DELAY_WRI  :  LGWR write delay for debugging
    TE

    _LGWR_IO_OUTLIE  :  LGWR I/O outlier frequency
    R

    _LGWR_IO_SLAVES  :  LGWR I/O slaves
    _LGWR_MAX_NS_WT  :  Maximum wait time for lgwr to allow NetServer to
    progress

    _LGWR_NS_NL_MAX  :  Variable to simulate network latency or buffer
    threshold

    _LGWR_NS_NL_MIN  :  Variable to simulate network latency or buffer
    threshold

    _LGWR_NS_SIM_ER  :  Variable to simulate errors lgwrns
    R

    _LGWR_POSTS_FOR  :  LGWR posts commit waiters for pending broadcasts
    _PENDING_BCASTS

    _LGWR_TA_SIM_ER  :  Variable to simulate errors lgwr true async
    R

    _LIBRARY_CACHE_  :  whether KGL advice should be turned on
    ADVICE

    _LIGHTWEIGHT_HD  :  Lightweight headers for redo
    RS

    _LIKE_WITH_BIND  :  treat LIKE predicate with bind as an equality predicate
    _AS_EQUALITY

    _LIMIT_ITLS      :  limit the number of ITLs in OLTP Compressed Tables
    _LINUX_PREPAGE_  :  prepage large pages during allocation on Linux
    LARGE_PAGES

    _LMN_COMPRESSIO  :  suppl logging for compression enabled
    N

    _LM_ACTIVATE_LM  :  threshold value to activate an additional lms
    S_THRESHOLD

    _LM_ASM_ENQ_HAS  :  if TRUE makes ASM use enqueue master hashing for fusion
    HING                locks

    _LM_BATCH_COMPR  :  GES threshold to start compression on batch messages
    ESSION_THRESHOL
    D

    _LM_BETTER_DDVI  :  GES better deadlock victim
    CTIM

    _LM_BIG_CLUSTER  :  enable certain big cluster optimizations in drm
    _OPTIMIZATIONS

    _LM_BROADCAST_R  :  Enable broadcast of highest held mode of resource.
    ES

    _LM_BROADCAST_R  :  Trace string of resource type(s)
    ESNAME

    _LM_CACHE_ALLOC  :  ratio of cached over allocated resources
    ATED_RES_RATIO

    _LM_CACHE_LVL0_  :  how often to cleanup level 0 cache res (in sec)
    CLEANUP

    _LM_CACHE_RES_C  :  percentage of cached resources should be cleanup
    LEANUP

    _LM_CACHE_RES_C  :  max number of batches of cached resources to free per
    LEANUP_TRIES        cleanup

    _LM_CACHE_RES_O  :  ges resource cache options
    PTIONS

    _LM_CACHE_RES_S  :  multiple of iniital res cache below which cleanup is
    KIP_CLEANUP         skipped

    _LM_CACHE_RES_T  :  cache resource: string of lock types(s)
    YPE

    _LM_CHECKSUM_BA  :  GES checksum batch messages
    TCH_MSG

    _LM_COMM_CHANNE  :  GES communication channel type
    L

    _LM_COMM_MSGQ_B  :  busy wait time in microsecond for msgq
    USYWAIT

    _LM_COMM_REAP_C  :  message reap count for receive
    OUNT

    _LM_COMM_TKTS_A  :  Ticket allocation addition factor
    DD_FACTOR

    _LM_COMM_TKTS_C  :  Weighted average calculation interval length (second)
    ALC_PERIOD_LENG
    TH

    _LM_COMM_TKTS_M  :  Max number of periods used in weighted avearage
    AX_PERIODS          calculation

    _LM_COMM_TKTS_M  :  Time to wait before allowing an allocation decrease
    IN_DECREASE_WAI
    T

    _LM_COMM_TKTS_M  :  Time to wait before allowing an allocation increase
    IN_INCREASE_WAI
    T

    _LM_COMM_TKTS_M  :  Ticket allocation multiplication factor
    ULT_FACTOR

    _LM_COMM_TKTS_N  :  Null request frequency threshold (percentage)
    ULLREQ_THRESHOL
    D

    _LM_COMPRESSION  :  GES compression scheme
    _SCHEME

    _LM_CONTIGUOUS_  :  number of contiguous blocks that will hash to the same
    RES_COUNT           HV bucket

    _LM_DD_IGNORE_N  :  if TRUE nodeadlockwait/nodeadlockblock options are
    ODD                 ignored

    _LM_DD_INTERVAL  :  dd time interval in seconds
    _LM_DD_MAXDUMP   :  max number of locks to be dumped during dd validation
    _LM_DD_MAX_SEAR  :  max dd search time per token
    CH_TIME

    _LM_DD_SCAN_INT  :  dd scan interval in seconds
    ERVAL

    _LM_DD_SEARCH_C  :  number of dd search per token get
    NT

    _LM_DEFERRED_MS  :  deferred message timeout
    G_TIMEOUT

    _LM_DRMOPT12     :  enable drm scan optimizations in 12
    _LM_DRMOPT12_NO  :  enable drm latching optimizations in 12
    LATCH

    _LM_DRM_BATCH_T  :  time in seconds to wait to batch drm requests
    IME

    _LM_DRM_DISABLE  :  disable drm in different level
    _LM_DRM_HILOAD_  :  drm high load threshold percentage
    PERCENTAGE

    _LM_DRM_LOWLOAD  :  drm low load threshold percentage
    _PERCENTAGE

    _LM_DRM_MAX_REQ  :  dynamic remastering maximum affinity requests processed
    UESTS               together

    _LM_DRM_MIN_INT  :  minimum interval in secs between two consecutive drms
    ERVAL

    _LM_DRM_OBJECT_  :  enable/disable object scan to force full table scan
    SCAN                always

    _LM_DRM_WINDOW   :  dynamic remastering bucket window size
    _LM_DRM_XLATCH   :  dynamic remastering forced exclusive latches
    _LM_DUMP_NULL_L  :  dump null lock in state dump
    OCK

    _LM_DYNAMIC_LMS  :  dynamic lms invocation
    _LM_DYNAMIC_LOA  :  dynamic load adjustment
    D

    _LM_ENABLE_AFF_  :  enables affinity benefit computations if TRUE
    BENEFIT_STATS

    _LM_ENQUEUE_BLO  :  enqueue blocker dump timeout
    CKER_DUMP_TIMEO
    UT

    _LM_ENQUEUE_BLO  :  enqueue blocker dump timeout count
    CKER_DUMP_TIMEO
    UT_CNT

    _LM_ENQUEUE_BLO  :  enqueue blocker kill timeout
    CKER_KILL_TIMEO
    UT

    _LM_ENQUEUE_FRE  :  Number of enqueue freelist
    ELIST

    _LM_ENQUEUE_TIM  :  enqueue suggested min timeout in seconds
    EOUT

    _LM_ENQ_LOCK_FR  :  Number of ges enqueue element freelist
    EELIST

    _LM_ENQ_RCFG     :  if TRUE enables enqueue reconfiguration
    _LM_FDRM_STATS   :  gather full drm statistics
    _LM_FILE_AFFINI  :  mapping between file id and master instance number
    TY

    _LM_FILE_READ_M  :  mapping between read-mostly file id and master instance
    OSTLY               number

    _LM_FREEZE_KILL  :  timeout for killing unfrozen processes in rcfg/drm
    _TIME               freeze step

    _LM_FREE_QUEUE_  :  GES free queue threshold
    THRESHOLD

    _LM_GLOBAL_POST  :  if TRUE deliver global posts to remote nodes
    S

    _LM_HASHTABLE_B  :  High element threshold in hash table bucket
    KT_HIGH

    _LM_HASHTABLE_B  :  Low element threshold in hash table bucket
    KT_LOW

    _LM_HASHTABLE_B  :  Threshold for hash table resizing
    KT_THR

    _LM_HB_ACCEPTAB  :  list of acceptable hang conditions in heartbeat check
    LE_HANG_CONDITI
    ON

    _LM_HB_CALLSTAC  :  hb diagnostic call stack collection time in seconds
    K_COLLECT_TIME

    _LM_HB_DISABLE_  :  list of process names to be disabled in heartbeat check
    CHECK_LIST

    _LM_HB_ENABLE_A  :  to enable the wait analysis with acceptable condition
    CL_CHECK            lists

    _LM_HB_EXPONENT  :  heartbeat exponential hang time multiplier
    IAL_HANG_TIME_F
    ACTOR

    _LM_HB_MAXIMUM_  :  maximum heartbeat hang report count
    HANG_REPORT_COU
    NT

    _LM_HIGH_LOAD_S  :  high watermark system load percentage
    YSLOAD_PERCENTA
    GE

    _LM_HIGH_LOAD_T  :  high load threshold parameter
    HRESHOLD

    _LM_IDLE_CONNEC  :  GES idle connection check
    TION_CHECK

    _LM_IDLE_CONNEC  :  GES idle connection check interval time
    TION_CHECK_INTE
    RVAL

    _LM_IDLE_CONNEC  :  GES idle connection instance check callout
    TION_INSTANCE_C
    HECK_CALLOUT

    _LM_IDLE_CONNEC  :  GES idle connection kill
    TION_KILL

    _LM_IDLE_CONNEC  :  GES idle connection max skip kill request
    TION_KILL_MAX_S
    KIPS

    _LM_IDLE_CONNEC  :  GES maximum idle connection kill request ignore count
    TION_MAX_IGNORE
    _KILL_COUNT

    _LM_IDLE_CONNEC  :  GES idle connection health quorum threshold
    TION_QUORUM_THR
    ESHOLD

    _LM_KILL_FG_ON_  :  GES kill fg on IPC timeout
    TIMEOUT

    _LM_LHUPD_INTER  :  load and health update interval
    VAL

    _LM_LMD_WAITTIM  :  default wait time for lmd in centiseconds
    E

    _LM_LMON_NOWAIT  :  if TRUE makes lmon get nowait latches with timeout loop
    _LATCH

    _LM_LMS          :  number of background gcs server processes to start
    _LM_LMS_OPT_PRI  :  enable freeslot lms priority optimization
    ORITY

    _LM_LMS_PRIORIT  :  frequency of LMS priority decisions in milliseconds
    Y_CHECK_FREQUEN
    CY

    _LM_LMS_PRIORIT  :  enable lms priority modification
    Y_DYNAMIC

    _LM_LMS_RT_THRE  :  maximum number of real time lms processes on machine
    SHOLD

    _LM_LMS_SPIN     :  make lms not sleep
    _LM_LMS_WAITTIM  :  default wait time for lms in centiseconds
    E

    _LM_LOCAL_HP_EN  :  use static file affinity for HP enqueue mastership
    Q

    _LM_LOCKS        :  number of enqueues configured for cluster database
    _LM_LOW_LOAD_PE  :  low watermark percentage for load threshold
    RCENTAGE

    _LM_MASTER_WEIG  :  master resource weight for this instance
    HT

    _LM_MAX_LMS      :  max. number of background global cache server processes
    _LM_MSG_BATCH_S  :  GES batch message size
    IZE

    _LM_MSG_CLEANUP  :  GES message buffer cleanup interval time
    _INTERVAL

    _LM_MSG_POOL_DU  :  GES message pool dump threshold in terms of buffer
    MP_THRESHOLD        count

    _LM_NODE_JOIN_O  :  cluster database node join optimization in reconfig
    PT

    _LM_NON_FAULT_T  :  disable cluster database fault-tolerance mode
    OLERANT

    _LM_NO_LH_CHECK  :  skip load and health check at decision points
    _LM_NO_SYNC      :  skip reconfiguration/drm syncr/synca messaging
    _LM_NUM_BNFT_ST  :  number of buckets in the benefit stats hash table
    ATS_BUCKETS

    _LM_NUM_PT_BUCK  :  number of buckets in the object affinity hash table
    ETS

    _LM_NUM_PT_LATC  :  number of latches in the object affinity hash table
    HES

    _LM_POSTEVENT_B  :  postevent buffer size
    UFFER_SIZE

    _LM_PREREGISTER  :  enqueue type that requires pre-registration to css
    _CSS_RESTYPE

    _LM_PROCESS_BAT  :  GES implicit process batching for IPC messages
    CHING

    _LM_PROCESS_LOC  :  limit on scanning process lock queue instead of
    K_Q_SCAN_LIMIT      resource convert lock queue

    _LM_PROCS        :  number of client processes configured for cluster
    database

    _LM_PROC_FREEZE  :  reconfiguration: process freeze timeout
    _TIMEOUT

    _LM_PSRCFG       :  enable pseudo reconfiguration
    _LM_RAC_SPARE_D  :  rac parameter dp1
    P1

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_D  :  rac parameter dp10
    P10

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_D  :  rac parameter dp2
    P2

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_D  :  rac parameter dp3
    P3

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_D  :  rac parameter dp4
    P4

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_D  :  rac parameter dp5
    P5

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_D  :  rac parameter dp6
    P6

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_D  :  rac parameter dp7
    P7

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_D  :  rac parameter dp8
    P8

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_D  :  rac parameter dp9
    P9

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_P  :  rac parameter p1
    1

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_P  :  rac parameter p10
    10

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_P  :  rac parameter p2
    2

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_P  :  rac parameter p3
    3

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_P  :  rac parameter p4
    4

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_P  :  rac parameter p5
    5

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_P  :  rac parameter p6
    6

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_P  :  rac parameter p7
    7

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_P  :  rac parameter p8
    8

    _LM_RAC_SPARE_P  :  rac parameter p9
    9

    _LM_RCFG_TIMEOU  :  dlm reconfiguration timeout
    T

    _LM_RCVINST      :  designated instance to do instance recovery
    _LM_RCVR_HANG_A  :  receiver hang allow time in seconds
    LLOW_TIME

    _LM_RCVR_HANG_C  :  to kill receiver hang at control file IO
    FIO_KILL

    _LM_RCVR_HANG_C  :  receiver hang check frequency in seconds
    HECK_FREQUENCY

    _LM_RCVR_HANG_C  :  examine system load when check receiver health
    HECK_SYSTEM_LOA
    D

    _LM_RCVR_HANG_K  :  to kill receiver hang
    ILL

    _LM_RCVR_HANG_S  :  systemstate dump level upon receiver hang
    YSTEMSTATE_DUMP
    _LEVEL

    _LM_RESEND_OPEN  :  timeout in secs before resubmitting the open-convert
    _CONVERT_TIMEOU
    T

    _LM_RESS         :  number of resources configured for cluster database
    _LM_RES_HASH_BU  :  number of resource hash buckets
    CKET

    _LM_RES_PART     :  number of resource partition configured for gcs
    _LM_RES_TM_HASH  :  number of extra TM resource hash buckets
    _BUCKET

    _LM_RM_SLAVES    :  if non zero, it enables remastering slaves
    _LM_SENDPROXY_R  :  GES percentage of send proxy reserve of send tickets
    ESERVE

    _LM_SEND_MODE    :  GES send mode
    _LM_SEND_QUEUE_  :  GES send queue message batching
    BATCHING

    _LM_SEND_QUEUE_  :  GES send queue maximum length
    LENGTH

    _LM_SHARE_LOCK_  :  if TRUE enables share lock optimization
    OPT

    _LM_SINGLE_INST  :  enable single instance affinity lock optimization
    _AFFINITY_LOCK

    _LM_SPARE_THREA  :  number of spare threads to be created by the GPnP
    DS                  master

    _LM_SPARE_UNDO   :  number of spare undo tablespaces to be created by GPnP
    master

    _LM_SQ_BATCH_FA  :  GES send queue minimum batching factor
    CTOR

    _LM_SQ_BATCH_TY  :  GES send queue batching mechanism
    PE

    _LM_SQ_BATCH_WA  :  GES send queue batching waittime in tick
    ITTICK

    _LM_SYNC_TIMEOU  :  Synchronization timeout for DLM reconfiguration steps
    T

    _LM_TICKETS      :  GES messaging tickets
    _LM_TICKET_ACTI  :  Flow control ticket active sendback threshold
    VE_SENDBACK

    _LM_TX_DELTA     :  TX lock localization delta
    _LM_USE_GCR      :  use GCR module if TRUE
    _LM_USE_NEW_DEF  :  use new defered msg queue timeout action
    MSGTMO_ACTION

    _LM_USE_TX_TSN   :  use undo tsn affinity master as TX enqueue master
    _LM_VALIDATE_PB  :  GES process batch validation
    ATCH

    _LM_WAIT_PENDIN  :  GES wait on pending send queue
    G_SEND_QUEUE

    _LM_WATCHPOINT_  :  GES number of watchpoints
    MAXIMUM

    _LM_WATCHPOINT_  :  GES maximum time in seconds to keep watchpoint
    TIMEOUT

    _LM_XIDS         :  number of transaction IDs configured for cluster
    database

    _LOAD_WITHOUT_C  :  Load PL/SQL or Database objects without compilation
    OMPILE

    _LOCAL_ARC_ASSE  :  Assert whenever local ORL arch waits for space
    RT_ON_WAIT

    _LOCAL_COMMUNIC  :  enable local communication costing when TRUE
    ATION_COSTING_E
    NABLED

    _LOCAL_COMMUNIC  :  set the ratio between global and local communication
    ATION_RATIO         (0..100)

    _LOCAL_HANG_ANA  :  the interval at which local hang analysis is run
    LYSIS_INTERVAL_
    SECS

    _LOCK_REF_CONST  :  number of nowait attempts to lock referential
    RAINT_COUNT         constraint

    _LOCK_SGA_AREAS  :  Lock specified areas of the SGA in physical memory
    _LOGOUT_STORM_R  :  number of processes that can logout in a second
    ATE

    _LOGOUT_STORM_R  :  maximum retry count for logouts
    ETRYCNT

    _LOGOUT_STORM_T  :  timeout in centi-seconds for time to wait between
    IMEOUT              retries

    _LOG_ARCHIVE_AV  :  log archive avoid memcpy
    OID_MEMCPY

    _LOG_ARCHIVE_BU  :  Number of buffers to allocate for archiving
    FFERS

    _LOG_ARCHIVE_CA  :  archival callout
    LLOUT

    _LOG_ARCHIVE_NE  :  Log archive network redo buffer size used by ARCH
    TWORK_REDO_SIZE

    _LOG_ARCHIVE_PR  :  log archive protection auto demotion
    OT_AUTO_DEMOTE

    _LOG_ARCHIVE_ST  :  log archive security strong auth
    RONG_AUTH

    _LOG_ARCHIVE_TR  :  log archive trace pids parameter
    ACE_PIDS

    _LOG_BLOCKS_DUR  :  log block images when changed during backup
    ING_BACKUP

    _LOG_BUFFERS_CO  :  corrupt redo buffers before write
    RRUPT

    _LOG_BUFFERS_DE  :  debug redo buffers (slows things down)
    BUG

    _LOG_BUFFER_COA  :  Coalescing log buffers for log writes
    LESCE

    _LOG_CHECKPOINT  :  # redo blocks to verify after checkpoint
    _RECOVERY_CHECK

    _LOG_COMMITTIME  :  Log commit-time block cleanout
    _BLOCK_CLEANOUT

    _LOG_DELETION_P  :  archivelog deletion policy for mandatory/all
    OLICY               destination

    _LOG_EVENT_QUEU  :  number of the log writer event queues
    ES

    _LOG_FILE_SYNC_  :  Log file sync timeout (centiseconds)
    TIMEOUT

    _LOG_MAX_OPTIMI  :  maximum number of threads to which log scan
    ZE_THREADS          optimization is applied

    _LOG_PARALLELIS  :  Enable dynamic strands
    M_DYNAMIC

    _LOG_PARALLELIS  :  Maximum number of log buffer strands
    M_MAX

    _LOG_PRIVATE_MU  :  Private strand multiplier for log space preallocation
    L

    _LOG_PRIVATE_PA  :  Active sessions multiplier to deduce number of private
    RALLELISM_MUL       strands

    _LOG_READ_BUFFE  :  Number of log read buffers for media recovery
    RS

    _LOG_READ_BUFFE  :  buffer size for reading log files
    R_SIZE

    _LOG_SIMULTANEO  :  number of simultaneous copies into redo buffer(# of
    US_COPIES           copy latches)

    _LOG_SPACE_ERRO  :  should we report space errors to alert log
    RS

    _LOG_SWITCH_TIM  :  Maximum number of seconds redos in the current log
    EOUT                could span

    _LOG_UNDO_DF_IN  :  generate marker to log file# that belong to undo
    FO                  tablespace

    _LOG_WRITER_WOR  :  LGWR worker DLM health-monitoring heartbeat update
    KER_DLM_HEARBEA     frequency (ms)
    T_UPDATE_FREQ

    _LOG_WRITE_INFO  :  Size of log write info array
    _SIZE

    _LONGOPS_ENABLE  :  longops stats enabled
    D

    _LONG_BCAST_ACK  :  threshold for long bcast ack warning messages in ms
    _WARNING_THRESH
    OLD

    _LONG_LOG_WRITE  :  threshold for long log write warning messages in ms
    _WARNING_THRESH
    OLD

    _LOWRES_DRIFT_A  :  allowed lowres timer drift for VKTM
    LLOWED_SEC

    _LOW_SERVER_THR  :  low server thresholds
    ESHOLD

    _LTC_TRACE       :  tracing level for load table conventional
    _LTHREAD_CLEANU  :  interval for cleaning lightweight threads in secs
    P_INTV_SECS

    _LTHREAD_CLNUP_  :  timeout after hard killing operation for lthread to
    HK_WAIT_SECS        exit

    _LTHREAD_CLNUP_  :  wait timeout for PMON between soft kill and hard kill
    PMON_SOFTKILL_W     of lthreads
    AIT_SECS

    _LTHREAD_CLNUP_  :  timeout for spawner between soft kill and hard kill of
    SPAWNER_SK_WAIT     lthreads
    _SECS

    _LTHREAD_DEBUG   :  Enable Debugging mode for lightweight threads
    _LTHREAD_ENABLE  :  Enable lightweight threads
    D

    _LTHREAD_MAX_SP  :  maximum time interval a spawner will wait for a lthread
    AWN_TIME_CSECS      to get ready

    _LTHREAD_SPAWN_  :  time interval for a spawner to check for spawnee to get
    CHECK_INTV_MS       ready

    _LTHREAD_STEP_D  :  Enable Step wise Debugging mode for lightweight threads
    EBUGGING

    _MAIN_DEAD_PROC  :  PMON main dead process scan interval (in seconds)
    ESS_SCAN_INTERV
    AL

    _MASTER_DIRECT_  :  direct sends for messages from master (DFS)
    SENDS

    _MAV_REFRESH_CO  :  refresh materialized views using consistent read
    NSISTENT_READ       snapshot

    _MAV_REFRESH_DO  :  materialized view MAV refreshes avoid double counting
    UBLE_COUNT_PREV
    ENTED

    _MAV_REFRESH_OP  :  optimizations during refresh of materialized views
    T

    _MAV_REFRESH_UN  :  # tables for union all expansion during materialized
    IONALL_TABLES       view refresh

    _MAX_AQ_PERSIST  :  max aq persistent queue memory
    ENT_QUEUE_MEMOR
    Y

    _MAX_ASYNC_WAIT  :  Switchover wait time for async LNS to catch up in
    _FOR_CATCH_UP       seconds

    _MAX_CLIENTS_PE  :  maximum number of clients per emon
    R_EMON

    _MAX_CR_ROLLBAC  :  Maximum number of CR  rollbacks per block (LMS)
    KS

    _MAX_DATA_TRANS  :  Maximum size of data transfer cache
    FER_CACHE_SIZE

    _MAX_DEFER_GRAN  :  Maximum deferred granules transferred by MMAN atonce
    _XFER_ATONCE

    _MAX_EXPONENTIA  :  max sleep during exponential backoff
    L_SLEEP

    _MAX_FILESTAT_T  :  maximum number of file stat tries
    RIES

    _MAX_FSU_SEGMEN  :  Maximum segments to track for fast space usage
    TS

    _MAX_FSU_STALE_  :  Allowed space usage staleness in seconds
    TIME

    _MAX_INCIDENT_F  :  Maximum size (in KB, MB, GB, Blocks) of incident dump
    ILE_SIZE            file

    _MAX_IO_SIZE     :  Maximum I/O size in bytes for sequential file accesses
    _MAX_KCNIBR_RAN  :  Max number of nonlogged data block ranges
    GES

    _MAX_LARGEPAGE_  :  Maximum number of seconds to spend on largepage
    ALLOC_TIME_SECS     allocation

    _MAX_LARGE_IO    :  IORM:max number of large I/O’s to issue
    _MAX_LNS_SHUTDO  :  Maximum time spent by LNS to archive last log during
    WN_ARCHIVAL_TIM     shutdown
    E

    _MAX_LOG_WRITE_  :  Maximum I/O parallelism within a log write (auto=0)
    IO_PARALLELISM

    _MAX_LOG_WRITE_  :  Maximum parallelism within a log write (auto=0)
    PARALLELISM

    _MAX_OUTSTANDIN  :  Maximum number of outstanding redo log writes
    G_LOG_WRITES

    _MAX_PENDING_SC  :  maximum number of pending SCN broadcasts
    N_BCASTS

    _MAX_PROTOCOL_S  :  Max occurrence protocols supported in a process
    UPPORT

    _MAX_QUEUED_REP  :  Maximum number of report requests that can be queued in
    ORT_REQUESTS        a list

    _MAX_REASONABLE  :  Max reasonable SCN rate
    _SCN_RATE

    _MAX_REPORT_FLU  :  Max no of report requests that can be flushed per cycle
    SHES_PERCYCLE

    _MAX_RWGS_GROUP  :  maximum no of groupings on materialized views
    INGS

    _MAX_SERVICES    :  maximum number of database services
    _MAX_SHRINK_OBJ  :  number of segments for which shrink stats will be
    _STATS              maintained

    _MAX_SLEEP_HOLD  :  max time to sleep while holding a latch
    ING_LATCH

    _MAX_SMALL_IO    :  IORM:max number of small I/O’s to issue
    _MAX_SPACEBG_MS  :  maximum space management interrupt message throttling
    GS_PERCENTAGE

    _MAX_SPACEBG_SL  :  maximum space management background slaves
    AVES

    _MAX_SPACEBG_TA  :  maximum space management background tasks
    SKS

    _MAX_STRING_SIZ  :  controls error checking for the max_string_size
    E_BYPASS            parameter

    _MAX_SYS_NEXT_E  :  Dictionary managed SYSTEM tablespace maximum next
    XTENT               extent size in MB (allowed range [16-4095], 0 if
    unlimited)

    _MEDIA_RECOVERY  :  media recovery block read batch
    _READ_BATCH

    _MEMORY_BROKER_  :  memory broker num stat entries
    LOG_STAT_ENTRIE
    S

    _MEMORY_BROKER_  :  Marginal Utility threshold pct for bc
    MARGINAL_UTILIT
    Y_BC

    _MEMORY_BROKER_  :  Marginal Utility threshold pct for sp
    MARGINAL_UTILIT
    Y_SP

    _MEMORY_BROKER_  :  memory broker allow policy to shrink shared pool
    SHRINK_HEAPS

    _MEMORY_BROKER_  :  memory broker allow policy to shrink java pool
    SHRINK_JAVA_HEA
    PS

    _MEMORY_BROKER_  :  memory broker allow policy to shrink streams pool
    SHRINK_STREAMS_
    POOL

    _MEMORY_BROKER_  :  memory broker policy to timeout shrink shared/java pool
    SHRINK_TIMEOUT

    _MEMORY_BROKER_  :  memory broker statistics gathering interval for auto
    STAT_INTERVAL       sga

    _MEMORY_CHECKIN  :  check inuse time interval
    USE_TIMEINTV

    _MEMORY_IMM_MOD  :  Allow immediate mode without sga/memory target
    E_WITHOUT_AUTOS
    GA

    _MEMORY_INITIAL  :  Initial default sga target percentage with memory
    _SGA_SPLIT_PERC     target

    _MEMORY_MANAGEM  :  trace memory management activity
    ENT_TRACING

    _MEMORY_MAX_TGT  :  counts the times checker increments memory target
    _INC_CNT

    _MEMORY_MGMT_FA  :  always fail immediate mode request
    IL_IMMREQ

    _MEMORY_MGMT_IM  :  time in seconds to time out immediate mode request
    MREQ_TIMEOUT

    _MEMORY_NOCANCE  :  do not cancel deferred sga reqs with auto-memory
    L_DEFSGAREQ

    _MEMORY_SANITY_  :  partial granule sanity check
    CHECK

    _MEM_ANNOTATION  :  private memory annotation collection level
    _PR_LEV

    _MEM_ANNOTATION  :  memory annotation pre-allocation scaling
    _SCALE

    _MEM_ANNOTATION  :  shared memory annotation collection level
    _SH_LEV

    _MEM_ANNOTATION  :  memory annotation in-memory store
    _STORE

    _MEM_STD_EXTENT  :  standard extent size for fixed-size-extent heaps
    _SIZE

    _MESSAGES        :  message queue resources – dependent on # processes & #
    buffers

    _MGD_RCV_HANDLE  :  Managed recovery handle orphan datafile situation
    _ORPHAN_DATAFIL
    ES

    _MIDTIER_AFFINI  :  cluster wait precentage threshold to enter affinity
    TY_CLUSWAIT_PRC
    _THRESHOLD

    _MIDTIER_AFFINI  :  goodness gradient threshold to dissolve affinity
    TY_GOODNESS_THR
    ESHOLD

    _MINFREE_PLUS    :  max percentage of block space + minfree before we mark
    block full

    _MINIMAL_STATS_  :  prohibit stats aggregation at compile/partition
    AGGREGATION         maintenance time

    _MINIMUM_BLOCKS  :  minimum number freeable blocks for shrink to be present
    _TO_SHRINK

    _MINIMUM_DB_FLA  :  Minimum flashback retention
    SHBACK_RETENTIO
    N

    _MINIMUM_EXTENT  :  minimum number freeable extents for shrink to be
    S_TO_SHRINK         present

    _MIN_TIME_BETWE  :  minimum time between PSP0 diagnostic used for flow
    EN_PSP0_DIAG_SE     control
    CS

    _MIRROR_REDO_BU  :  Save buffers for debugging redo corruptions
    FFERS

    _MMV_QUERY_REWR  :  allow rewrites with multiple MVs and/or base tables
    ITE_ENABLED

    _MODIFY_COLUMN_  :  allow ALTER TABLE MODIFY(column) to violate index key
    INDEX_UNUSABLE      length limit

    _MODULE_ACTION_  :  Use module and action old length parameter
    OLD_LENGTH

    _MPMT_ENABLED    :  MPMT mode enabled
    _MPMT_ENABLED_B  :  mpmt enabled backgrounds
    ACKGROUNDS

    _MPMT_FG_ENABLE  :  MPMT mode foreground enabled
    D

    _MPMT_PROCS_PER  :  max procs per osp
    _OSP

    _MULTIPLE_INSTA  :  use multiple instances for media recovery
    NCE_RECOVERY

    _MULTI_INSTANCE  :  force multi instance parallel recovery
    _PMR

    _MULTI_JOIN_KEY  :  TRUE iff multi-join-key table lookup prefetch is
    _TABLE_LOOKUP       enabled

    _MULTI_TRANSACT  :  reduce SGA memory use during create of a partitioned
    ION_OPTIMIZATIO     table
    N_ENABLED

    _MUTEX_SPIN_COU  :  Mutex spin count
    NT

    _MUTEX_WAIT_SCH  :  Mutex wait scheme
    EME

    _MUTEX_WAIT_TIM  :  Mutex wait time
    E

    _MV_ADD_LOG_PLA  :  add log placeholder
    CEHOLDER

    _MV_CLEANUP_ORP  :  cleanup orphaned materialized view metadata
    HANED_METADATA

    _MV_COMPLETE_RE  :  use conventional INSERTs for MV complete refresh
    FRESH_CONVENTIO
    NAL

    _MV_DEFERRED_NO  :  avoid build deferred MV log age validate
    _LOG_AGE_VAL

    _MV_EXPRESSION_  :  MV expression extend size
    EXTEND_SIZE

    _MV_GENERALIZED  :  enable/disable new algorithm for MJV with generalized
    _OJ_REFRESH_OPT     outer joins

    _MV_REFRESH_ANA  :  what percent to analyze after complete/PCT refresh
    _MV_REFRESH_COS  :  refresh decision based on cost or on rules
    TING

    _MV_REFRESH_DEL  :  delta mv as fractional percentage of size of mv
    TA_FRACTION

    _MV_REFRESH_ENH  :  enable enhanced detection of DML types from MV log
    ANCED_DML_DETEC
    TION

    _MV_REFRESH_EUT  :  refresh materialized views using EUT(partition)-based
    algorithm

    _MV_REFRESH_FOR  :  force materialized view refreshes to use parallel query
    CE_PARALLEL_QUE
    RY

    _MV_REFRESH_INS  :  materialized view refresh using insert no append
    ERT_NO_APPEND

    _MV_REFRESH_NEW  :  materialized view MV refresh new setup disabling
    _SETUP_DISABLED

    _MV_REFRESH_NO_  :  avoid index rebuild  as part of the MV refresh
    IDX_REBUILD

    _MV_REFRESH_PKF  :  control MV refresh based on the assumption of PK-FK
    K_DATA_UNITS_OP     data units
    T

    _MV_REFRESH_PKF  :  control MV refresh based on the use of PK-FK
    K_RELATIONSHIP_     relationships
    OPT

    _MV_REFRESH_REB  :  minimum percentage change required in MV to force an
    UILD_PERCENTAGE     indexrebuild

    _MV_REFRESH_SEL  :  create materialized views with selections and fast
    ECTIONS             refresh

    _MV_REFRESH_UPD  :  materialized view refresh using update analysis
    ATE_ANALYSIS

    _MV_REFRESH_USE  :  use hash_sj hint in queries
    _HASH_SJ

    _MV_REFRESH_USE  :  use no_merge hint in queries
    _NO_MERGE

    _MV_REFRESH_USE  :  pass cardinality hints to refresh queries
    _STATS

    _MV_REFSCHED_TI  :  proportionality constant for dop vs. time in MV refresh
    MEINCR

    _MV_ROLLING_INV  :  create/alter mv uses rolling cursor invalidation
    instead of immediate

    _MWIN_SCHEDULE   :  Enable/disable Maintenance Window Schedules
    _NAMESERVICE_CO  :  NameService Consistency check switch
    NSISTENCY_CHECK

    _NCHAR_IMP_CNV   :  NLS allow Implicit Conversion between CHAR and NCHAR
    _NCHAR_IMP_CONV  :  should implicit conversion bewteen clob and nclob be
    allowed

    _NCMB_READAHEAD  :  enable multi-block readahead for an index scan
    _ENABLED

    _NCMB_READAHEAD  :  turn on multi-block readahead tracing
    _TRACING

    _NCOMP_SHARED_O  :  native compilation shared objects dir
    BJECTS_DIR

    _NESTED_LOOP_FU  :  nested loop fudge
    DGE

    _NESTED_MV_FAST  :  nested MV refresh fast on commit allowed
    _ONCOMMIT_ENABL
    ED

    _NET_TIMEOUT_LA  :  NET_TIMEOUT latency
    TENCY

    _NEWSORT_ENABLE  :  controls whether new sorts can be used as system sort
    D

    _NEWSORT_ORDERE  :  controls when new sort avoids sorting ordered input
    D_PCT

    _NEWSORT_TYPE    :  specifies options for the new sort algorithm
    _NEW_INITIAL_JO  :  enable initial join orders based on new ordering
    IN_ORDERS           heuristics

    _NEW_SORT_COST_  :  enables the use of new cost estimate for sort
    ESTIMATE

    _NINETEENTH_SPA  :  nineteenth spare parameter – string
    RE_PARAMETER

    _NINTH_SPARE_PA  :  ninth spare parameter – integer
    RAMETER

    _NLJ_BATCHING_A  :  FAE flag type set after restoring to IO batching buffer
    E_FLAG

    _NLJ_BATCHING_E  :  enable batching of the RHS IO in NLJ
    NABLED

    _NLJ_BATCHING_M  :  enable exceptions for buffer cache misses
    ISSES_ENABLED

    _NLS_PARAMETER_  :  enables or disables updates to v$parameter whenever an
    SYNC_ENABLED        alter session statement modifies various nls parameters

    _NOLOGGING_KCNB  :  Number of nologging buffer hash buckets
    UF_HASH_BUCKETS

    _NOLOGGING_KCNB  :  Number of nologging buffer hash latches
    UF_HASH_LATCHES

    _NOLOGGING_LOAD  :  Nologging standby: direct load buffer size
    _SLOTSZ

    _NOLOGGING_SDCL  :  Nologging standby append sdcl wait time
    _APPEND_WAIT

    _NOLOGGING_SEND  :  Nologging standby: outstanding send buffer ratio
    BUF_RATIO

    _NOLOGGING_TXN_  :  Nologging standby transaction commit wait time
    CMT_WAIT

    _NONCDB_TO_PDB   :  converting a non-cdb to a pdb
    _NOSEG_FOR_UNUS  :  no segments for unusable indexes if set to TRUE
    ABLE_INDEX_ENAB
    LED

    _NOTIFY_CRS      :  notify cluster ready services of startup and shutdown
    _NO_OBJECTS      :  no object features are used
    _NO_OR_EXPANSIO  :  OR expansion during optimization disabled
    N

    _NO_RECOVERY_TH  :  no recovery through this resetlogs operation
    ROUGH_RESETLOGS

    _NO_SMALL_FILE   :  Not to apply new extent scheme for small file temp
    spaces

    _NO_STALE_JOINB  :  No joinbacks if mv is stale
    ACK_REWRITE

    _NS_MAX_FLUSH_W  :  Flush wait time for NetServer to flush oustanding
    T                   writes

    _NS_MAX_SEND_DE  :  Data Loss Time Bound for NetServer
    LAY

    _NUMA_BUFFER_CA  :  Configure NUMA buffer cache stats
    CHE_STATS

    _NUMA_INSTANCE_  :  Set of nodes that this instance should run on
    MAPPING

    _NUMA_POOL_SIZE  :  aggregate size in bytes of NUMA pool
    _NUMA_SHIFT_ENA  :  Enable NUMA shift
    BLED

    _NUMA_SHIFT_VAL  :  user defined value for numa nodes shift
    UE

    _NUMA_TRACE_LEV  :  numa trace event
    EL

    _NUMBER_CACHED_  :  maximum number of cached attributes per instance
    ATTRIBUTES

    _NUMBER_CACHED_  :  maximum number of cached group memberships
    GROUP_MEMBERSHI
    PS

    _NUMBER_GROUP_M  :  maximum number of group memberships per cache line
    EMBERSHIPS_PER_
    CACHE_LINE

    _NUM_LONGOP_CHI  :  number of child latches for long op array
    LD_LATCHES

    _OBJECT_NUMBER_  :  Object number cache size
    CACHE_SIZE

    _OBJECT_REUSE_B  :  if 1 or higher, handle object reuse
    AST

    _OBJECT_STATIST  :  enable the object level statistics collection
    ICS

    _OBJECT_STATS_M  :  Maximum number of entries to be tracked per stat
    AX_ENTRIES

    _OBJ_CKPT_TRACI  :  Enable object checkpoint tracing
    NG

    _ODCI_AGGREGATE  :  trade speed for space in user-defined aggregation
    _SAVE_SPACE

    _OFFLINE_ROLLBA  :  offline undo segment list
    CK_SEGMENTS

    _OGMS_HOME       :  GMS home directory
    _OLAPI_HISTORY_  :  enable olapi history retention
    RETENTION

    _OLAPI_IFACE_OB  :  enable olapi interface object history collection
    JECT_HISTORY

    _OLAPI_IFACE_OB  :  enable olapi interface object history retention
    JECT_HISTORY_RE
    TENTION

    _OLAPI_IFACE_OP  :  enable olapi interface operation history retention
    ERATION_HISTORY
    _RETENTION

    _OLAPI_INTERFAC  :  enable olapi interface operation history collection
    E_OPERATION_HIS
    TORY

    _OLAPI_MEMORY_O  :  enable olapi memory alloc/free history collection
    PERATION_HISTOR
    Y

    _OLAPI_MEMORY_O  :  enable olapi memory alloc/free history collection
    PERATION_HISTOR     pausing
    Y_PAUSE_AT_SEQN
    O

    _OLAPI_MEMORY_O  :  enable olapi memory operation history retention
    PERATION_HISTOR
    Y_RETENTION

    _OLAPI_SESSION_  :  enable olapi session history collection
    HISTORY

    _OLAPI_SESSION_  :  enable olapi session history retention
    HISTORY_RETENTI
    ON

    _OLAP_ADV_COMP_  :  do additional predicate stats analysis for AW rowsource
    STATS_CC_PRECOM
    P

    _OLAP_ADV_COMP_  :  do additional predicate stats analysis for AW rowsource
    STATS_MAX_ROWS

    _OLAP_AGGREGATE  :  OLAP Aggregate max buffer size
    _BUFFER_SIZE

    _OLAP_AGGREGATE  :  OLAP Aggregate debug flags
    _FLAGS

    _OLAP_AGGREGATE  :  OLAP Aggregate function cache enabler
    _FUNCTION_CACHE
    _ENABLED

    _OLAP_AGGREGATE  :  OLAP Aggregate max thread tuples creation
    _MAX_THREAD_TUP
    LES

    _OLAP_AGGREGATE  :  OLAP Aggregate min buffer size
    _MIN_BUFFER_SIZ
    E

    _OLAP_AGGREGATE  :  OLAP Aggregate minimum cardinality of dimensions for
    _MIN_THREAD_STA     thread
    TUS

    _OLAP_AGGREGATE  :  OLAP Aggregate Multi-path Hierarhies enabled
    _MULTIPATH_HIER

    _OLAP_AGGREGATE  :  OLAP Aggregate status array usage threshold
    _STATLEN_THRESH

    _OLAP_AGGREGATE  :  OLAP Aggregate max worklists generated at once
    _WORKLIST_MAX

    _OLAP_AGGREGATE  :  OLAP Aggregate max work parents
    _WORK_PER_THREA
    D

    _OLAP_ALLOCATE_  :  OLAP Allocate Errorlog Format
    ERRORLOG_FORMAT

    _OLAP_ALLOCATE_  :  OLAP Allocate Errorlog Header format
    ERRORLOG_HEADER

    _OLAP_ANALYZE_M  :  OLAP DML ANALYZE command max cells to analyze
    AX

    _OLAP_CONTINUOU  :  OLAP logging definition
    S_TRACE_FILE

    _OLAP_DBGOUTFIL  :  OLAP DbgOutfile copy output to event log (tracefile)
    E_ECHO_TO_EVENT
    LOG

    _OLAP_DIMENSION  :  OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Force
    _COREHASH_FORCE

    _OLAP_DIMENSION  :  OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Large Threshold
    _COREHASH_LARGE

    _OLAP_DIMENSION  :  OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Pressure Threshold
    _COREHASH_PRESS
    URE

    _OLAP_DIMENSION  :  OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Maximum Memory Use
    _COREHASH_SIZE

    _OLAP_EIF_EXPOR  :  OLAP EIF Export BLOB size
    T_LOB_SIZE

    _OLAP_LMGEN_DIM  :  Limitmap generator dimension column size
    _SIZE

    _OLAP_LMGEN_MEA  :  Limitmap generator measure column size
    S_SIZE

    _OLAP_OBJECT_HA  :  OLAP Object Hash Table Class
    SH_CLASS

    _OLAP_PAGE_POOL  :  OLAP Page Pool Expand Rate
    _EXPAND_RATE

    _OLAP_PAGE_POOL  :  OLAP Page Pool High Watermark
    _HI

    _OLAP_PAGE_POOL  :  OLAP Page Pool Hit Target
    _HIT_TARGET

    _OLAP_PAGE_POOL  :  OLAP Page Pool Low Watermark
    _LOW

    _OLAP_PAGE_POOL  :  OLAP Page Pool Pressure Threshold
    _PRESSURE

    _OLAP_PAGE_POOL  :  OLAP Page Pool Shrink Rate
    _SHRINK_RATE

    _OLAP_PARALLEL_  :  OLAP parallel update server count
    UPDATE_SERVER_N
    UM

    _OLAP_PARALLEL_  :  OLAP parallel update threshold for number of small
    UPDATE_SMALL_TH     pagespaces
    RESHOLD

    _OLAP_PARALLEL_  :  OLAP parallel update threshold in pages
    UPDATE_THRESHOL
    D

    _OLAP_ROW_LOAD_  :  OLAP Row Load Time Precision
    TIME_PRECISION

    _OLAP_SESSCACHE  :  OLAP Session Cache knob
    _ENABLED

    _OLAP_SORT_BUFF  :  OLAP Sort Buffer Size Percentage
    ER_PCT

    _OLAP_SORT_BUFF  :  OLAP Sort Buffer Size
    ER_SIZE

    _OLAP_STATBOOL_  :  OLAP Status Boolean max incore bits
    COREBITS

    _OLAP_STATBOOL_  :  OLAP Status Boolean CBM threshold
    THRESHOLD

    _OLAP_TABLE_FUN  :  Specify TRUE to output OLAP table function timed
    CTION_STATISTIC     statistics trace
    S

    _OLAP_WRAP_ERRO  :  Wrap error messages to OLAP outfile
    RS

    _OLD_CONNECT_BY  :  enable/disable old connect by
    _ENABLED

    _OLD_EXTENT_SCH  :  Revert to old extent allocation
    EME

    _OLS_CLEANUP_TA  :  Clean up unnecessary entries in OLS sessinfo table
    SK

    _OLTP_COMPRESSI  :  oltp compression enabled
    ON

    _OLTP_COMPRESSI  :  oltp compression gain
    ON_GAIN

    _OLTP_COMP_DBG_  :  oltp compression scan debug
    SCAN

    _OLTP_SPILL      :  spill rows for oltp compression if loader pga limit is
    exceeded

    _OMF             :  enable/disable OMF
    _OMNI_ENQUEUE_E  :  Enable Omni Enqueue feature (0 = disable, 1 = enable on
    NABLE               ASM (default), 2 = enable)

    _ONESIDE_COLSTA  :  sanity check on default selectivity for like/range
    T_FOR_EQUIJOINS     predicate

    _ONLINE_CTAS_DI  :  controls dumping diagnostic information for online ctas
    AG

    _ONLINE_PATCH_D  :  disable check for function on stack for online patches
    ISABLE_STACK_CH
    ECK

    _OPS_PER_SEMOP   :  the exact number of operations per semop system call
    _OPTIMIZER_ADAP  :  optimizer adaptive cursor sharing
    TIVE_CURSOR_SHA
    RING

    _OPTIMIZER_ADAP  :  enable adaptive plans
    TIVE_PLANS

    _OPTIMIZER_ADAP  :  internal controls for adaptive plans
    TIVE_PLAN_CONTR
    OL

    _OPTIMIZER_ADJU  :  adjust selectivity for null values
    ST_FOR_NULLS

    _OPTIMIZER_ADS_  :  maximum number of tables in a join under ADS
    MAX_TABLE_COUNT

    _OPTIMIZER_ADS_  :  maximum time limit (seconds) under ADS
    TIME_LIMIT

    _OPTIMIZER_ADS_  :  use result cache for ADS queries
    USE_RESULT_CACH
    E

    _OPTIMIZER_ANSI  :  optimization of left/full ansi-joins and lateral views
    _JOIN_LATERAL_E
    NHANCE

    _OPTIMIZER_ANSI  :  re-architecture of ANSI left, right, and full outer
    _REARCHITECTURE     joins

    _OPTIMIZER_AUTO  :  enable/disable auto stats collection job
    STATS_JOB

    _OPTIMIZER_AW_J  :  Enables AW Join Push optimization
    OIN_PUSH_ENABLE
    D

    _OPTIMIZER_AW_S  :  Enables statistcs on AW olap_table table function
    TATS_ENABLED

    _OPTIMIZER_BATC  :  enable table access by ROWID IO batching
    H_TABLE_ACCESS_
    BY_ROWID

    _OPTIMIZER_BETT  :  enable improved costing of index access using
    ER_INLIST_COSTI     in-list(s)
    NG

    _OPTIMIZER_BLOC  :  standard block size used by optimizer
    K_SIZE

    _OPTIMIZER_CACH  :  cost with cache statistics
    E_STATS

    _OPTIMIZER_CART  :  optimizer cartesian join enabled
    ESIAN_ENABLED

    _OPTIMIZER_CBQT  :  cost factor for cost-based query transformation
    _FACTOR

    _OPTIMIZER_CBQT  :  disable cost based transformation query size
    _NO_SIZE_RESTRI     restriction
    CTION

    _OPTIMIZER_CEIL  :  CEIL cost in CBO
    _COST

    _OPTIMIZER_CLUS  :  enable/disable the cluster by rowid feature
    TER_BY_ROWID

    _OPTIMIZER_CLUS  :  internal control for cluster by rowid feature mode
    TER_BY_ROWID_CO
    NTROL

    _OPTIMIZER_COAL  :  consider coalescing of subqueries optimization
    ESCE_SUBQUERIES

    _OPTIMIZER_COMP  :  enable selectivity estimation for builtin functions
    LEX_PRED_SELECT
    IVITY

    _OPTIMIZER_COMP  :  force index stats collection on index creation/rebuild
    UTE_INDEX_STATS

    _OPTIMIZER_CONN  :  use cost-based transformation for whr clause in connect
    ECT_BY_CB_WHR_O     by
    NLY

    _OPTIMIZER_CONN  :  combine no filtering connect by and start with
    ECT_BY_COMBINE_
    SW

    _OPTIMIZER_CONN  :  use cost-based transformation for connect by
    ECT_BY_COST_BAS
    ED

    _OPTIMIZER_CONN  :  allow connect by to eliminate duplicates from input
    ECT_BY_ELIM_DUP
    S

    _OPTIMIZER_CORR  :  force correct computation of subquery selectivity
    ECT_SQ_SELECTIV
    ITY

    _OPTIMIZER_COST  :  enables cost-based query transformation
    _BASED_TRANSFOR
    MATION

    _OPTIMIZER_COST  :  enables  costing of filter predicates in IO cost model
    _FILTER_PRED

    _OPTIMIZER_COST  :  add cost of generating result set when #rows per key >
    _HJSMJ_MULTIMAT     1
    CH

    _OPTIMIZER_COST  :  optimizer cost model
    _MODEL

    _OPTIMIZER_CUBE  :  enable cube join
    _JOIN_ENABLED

    _OPTIMIZER_DEGR  :  force the optimizer to use the same degree of
    EE                  parallelism

    _OPTIMIZER_DIM_  :  use join selectivity in choosing star transformation
    SUBQ_JOIN_SEL       dimensions

    _OPTIMIZER_DISA  :  disable star transformation sanity checks
    BLE_STRANS_SANI
    TY_CHECKS

    _OPTIMIZER_DIST  :  Transforms Distinct Aggregates to non-distinct
    INCT_AGG_TRANSF     aggregates
    ORM

    _OPTIMIZER_DIST  :  Eliminates redundant SELECT DISTNCT’s
    INCT_ELIMINATIO
    N

    _OPTIMIZER_DIST  :  consider distinct placement optimization
    INCT_PLACEMENT

    _OPTIMIZER_DSDI  :  controls optimizer usage of dynamic sampling directives
    R_USAGE_CONTROL

    _OPTIMIZER_DYN_  :  number of blocks for optimizer dynamic sampling
    SMP_BLKS

    _OPTIMIZER_ELIM  :  optimizer filtering join elimination enabled
    INATE_FILTERING
    _JOIN

    _OPTIMIZER_ENAB  :  use improved density computation for selectivity
    LE_DENSITY_IMPR     estimation
    OVEMENTS

    _OPTIMIZER_ENAB  :  use extended statistics for selectivity estimation
    LE_EXTENDED_STA
    TS

    _OPTIMIZER_ENAB  :  consider table lookup by nl transformation
    LE_TABLE_LOOKUP
    _BY_NL

    _OPTIMIZER_ENHA  :  push filters before trying cost-based query
    NCED_FILTER_PUS     transformation
    H

    _OPTIMIZER_EXTE  :  optimizer extended cursor sharing
    NDED_CURSOR_SHA
    RING

    _OPTIMIZER_EXTE  :  optimizer extended cursor sharing for relational
    NDED_CURSOR_SHA     operators
    RING_REL

    _OPTIMIZER_EXTE  :  controls the optimizer usage of extended stats
    NDED_STATS_USAG
    E_CONTROL

    _OPTIMIZER_EXTE  :  join pred pushdown on group-by, distinct,
    ND_JPPD_VIEW_TY     semi-/anti-joined view
    PES

    _OPTIMIZER_FALS  :  optimizer false predicate pull up transformation
    E_FILTER_PRED_P
    ULLUP

    _OPTIMIZER_FAST  :  use fast algorithm to traverse predicates for physical
    _ACCESS_PRED_AN     optimizer
    ALYSIS

    _OPTIMIZER_FAST  :  use fast algorithm to generate transitive predicates
    _PRED_TRANSITIV
    ITY

    _OPTIMIZER_FEED  :  controls the optimizer feedback framework
    BACK_CONTROL

    _OPTIMIZER_FILT  :  use cost-based flter predicate pull up transformation
    ER_PRED_PULLUP

    _OPTIMIZER_FILT  :  enable/disable filter predicate pushdown
    ER_PUSHDOWN

    _OPTIMIZER_FKR_  :  Optimizer index bias over FTS/IFFS under first K rows
    INDEX_COST_BIAS     mode

    _OPTIMIZER_FORC  :  force CBQT transformation regardless of cost
    E_CBQT

    _OPTIMIZER_FREE  :  free transformation subheap after each transformation
    _TRANSFORMATION
    _HEAP

    _OPTIMIZER_FULL  :  enable/disable full outer to left outer join conversion
    _OUTER_JOIN_TO_
    OUTER

    _OPTIMIZER_GATH  :  optimizer gather feedback
    ER_FEEDBACK

    _OPTIMIZER_GATH  :  enable/disable online statistics gathering
    ER_STATS_ON_LOA
    D

    _OPTIMIZER_GENE  :  optimizer generate transitive predicates
    RATE_TRANSITIVE
    _PRED

    _OPTIMIZER_GROU  :  consider group-by placement optimization
    P_BY_PLACEMENT

    _OPTIMIZER_HYBR  :  enable hybrid full partition-wise join when TRUE
    ID_FPWJ_ENABLED

    _OPTIMIZER_IGNO  :  enables the embedded hints to be ignored
    RE_HINTS

    _OPTIMIZER_IMPR  :  improve table and partial overlap join selectivity
    OVE_SELECTIVITY     computation

    _OPTIMIZER_INST  :  force the optimizer to use the specified number of
    ANCE_COUNT          instances

    _OPTIMIZER_INTE  :  interleave join predicate pushdown during CBQT
    RLEAVE_JPPD

    _OPTIMIZER_INVA  :  time window for invalidation of cursors of analyzed
    LIDATION_PERIOD     objects

    _OPTIMIZER_JOIN  :  optimizer join elimination enabled
    _ELIMINATION_EN
    ABLED

    _OPTIMIZER_JOIN  :  use join factorization transformation
    _FACTORIZATION

    _OPTIMIZER_JOIN  :  controls the optimizer join order search algorithm
    _ORDER_CONTROL

    _OPTIMIZER_JOIN  :  enable/disable sanity check for multi-column join
    _SEL_SANITY_CHE     selectivity
    CK

    _OPTIMIZER_MAX_  :  optimizer maximum join permutations per query block
    PERMUTATIONS

    _OPTIMIZER_MIN_  :  set minimum cached blocks
    CACHE_BLOCKS

    _OPTIMIZER_MJC_  :  enable merge join cartesian
    ENABLED

    _OPTIMIZER_MODE  :  force setting of optimizer mode for user recursive SQL
    _FORCE              also

    _OPTIMIZER_MULT  :  generate and run plans using several compilation
    IPLE_CENV           environments

    _OPTIMIZER_MULT  :  control what to report in trace file when run in
    IPLE_CENV_REPOR     multi-plan mode
    T

    _OPTIMIZER_MULT  :  control the types of statements that are run in
    IPLE_CENV_STMT      multi-plan mode

    _OPTIMIZER_MULT  :  consider join-predicate pushdown that requires
    I_LEVEL_PUSH_PR     multi-level pushdown to base table
    ED

    _OPTIMIZER_MULT  :  allows multiple tables on the left of outerjoin
    I_TABLE_OUTERJO
    IN

    _OPTIMIZER_NATI  :  execute full outer join using native implementaion
    VE_FULL_OUTER_J
    OIN

    _OPTIMIZER_NEST  :  number of groups above which we use nested rollup exec
    ED_ROLLUP_FOR_G     for gset
    SET

    _OPTIMIZER_NEW_  :  compute join cardinality using non-rounded input values
    JOIN_CARD_COMPU
    TATION

    _OPTIMIZER_NULL  :  enables null-accepting semijoin
    _ACCEPTING_SEMI
    JOIN

    _OPTIMIZER_NULL  :  null-aware antijoin parameter
    _AWARE_ANTIJOIN

    _OPTIMIZER_ORDE  :  Eliminates order bys from views before query
    R_BY_ELIMINATIO     transformation
    N_ENABLED

    _OPTIMIZER_OR_E  :  control or expansion approach used
    XPANSION

    _OPTIMIZER_OR_E  :  Use subheap for optimizer or-expansion
    XPANSION_SUBHEA
    P

    _OPTIMIZER_OUTE  :  enable/disable outer to inner join conversion
    R_JOIN_TO_INNER

    _OPTIMIZER_OUTE  :  Enable transformation of outer-join to anti-join if
    R_TO_ANTI_ENABL     possible
    ED

    _OPTIMIZER_PART  :  partial join evaluation parameter
    IAL_JOIN_EVAL

    _OPTIMIZER_PERC  :  optimizer percent parallel
    ENT_PARALLEL

    _OPTIMIZER_PERF  :  controls the performance feedback
    ORMANCE_FEEDBAC
    K

    _OPTIMIZER_PROC  :  control the level of processing rates
    _RATE_LEVEL

    _OPTIMIZER_PROC  :  control the source of processing rates
    _RATE_SOURCE

    _OPTIMIZER_PURG  :  number of rows to be deleted at each iteration of the
    E_STATS_ITERATI     stats                   purging process
    ON_ROW_COUNT

    _OPTIMIZER_PUSH  :  push down distinct from query block to table
    _DOWN_DISTINCT

    _OPTIMIZER_PUSH  :  use cost-based query transformation for push pred
    _PRED_COST_BASE     optimization
    D

    _OPTIMIZER_RAND  :  optimizer seed value for random plans
    OM_PLAN

    _OPTIMIZER_REUS  :  reuse cost annotations during cost-based query
    E_COST_ANNOTATI     transformation
    ONS

    _OPTIMIZER_ROWN  :  Default value to use for rownum bind
    UM_BIND_DEFAULT

    _OPTIMIZER_ROWN  :  enable the use of first K rows due to rownum predicate
    UM_PRED_BASED_F
    KR

    _OPTIMIZER_SAVE  :  enable/disable saving old versions of optimizer stats
    _STATS

    _OPTIMIZER_SEAR  :  optimizer search limit
    CH_LIMIT

    _OPTIMIZER_SELF  :  account for self-induced caching
    _INDUCED_CACHE_
    COST

    _OPTIMIZER_SKIP  :  enable/disable index skip scan
    _SCAN_ENABLED

    _OPTIMIZER_SKIP  :  consider index skip scan for predicates with guessed
    _SCAN_GUESS         selectivity

    _OPTIMIZER_SORT  :  enable/disable sort-merge join method
    MERGE_JOIN_ENAB
    LED

    _OPTIMIZER_SORT  :  enable/disable sort-merge join using inequality
    MERGE_JOIN_INEQ     predicates
    UALITY

    _OPTIMIZER_SQU_  :  enables unnesting of subquery in a bottom-up manner
    BOTTOMUP

    _OPTIMIZER_STAR  :  optimizer star plan enabled
    PLAN_ENABLED

    _OPTIMIZER_STAR  :  optimizer star transformation minimum cost
    _TRANS_MIN_COST

    _OPTIMIZER_STAR  :  optimizer star transformation minimum ratio
    _TRANS_MIN_RATI
    O

    _OPTIMIZER_STAR  :  enable/disable star transformation in with clause
    _TRAN_IN_WITH_C     queries
    LAUSE

    _OPTIMIZER_STRA  :  allow adaptive pruning of star transformation bitmap
    NS_ADAPTIVE_PRU     trees
    NING

    _OPTIMIZER_SYST  :  system statistics usage
    EM_STATS_USAGE

    _OPTIMIZER_TABL  :  consider table expansion transformation
    E_EXPANSION

    _OPTIMIZER_TRAC  :  optimizer trace parameter
    E

    _OPTIMIZER_TRAN  :  retain equi-join pred upon transitive equality pred
    SITIVITY_RETAIN     generation

    _OPTIMIZER_TRY_  :  try Star Transformation before Join Predicate Push Down
    ST_BEFORE_JPPD

    _OPTIMIZER_UNDO  :  undo changes to query optimizer
    _CHANGES

    _OPTIMIZER_UNDO  :  optimizer undo cost change
    _COST_CHANGE

    _OPTIMIZER_UNNE  :  enables unnesting of every type of subquery
    ST_ALL_SUBQUERI
    ES

    _OPTIMIZER_UNNE  :  Unnesting of correlated set subqueries (TRUE/FALSE)
    ST_CORR_SET_SUB
    Q

    _OPTIMIZER_UNNE  :  Unnesting of disjunctive subqueries (TRUE/FALSE)
    ST_DISJUNCTIVE_
    SUBQ

    _OPTIMIZER_UNNE  :  enables unnesting of of scalar subquery
    ST_SCALAR_SQ

    _OPTIMIZER_USE_  :  use rewritten star transformation using cbqt framework
    CBQT_STAR_TRANS
    FORMATION

    _OPTIMIZER_USE_  :  optimizer use feedback
    FEEDBACK

    _OPTIMIZER_USE_  :  use GTT session private statistics
    GTT_SESSION_STA
    TS

    _OPTIMIZER_USE_  :  enable/disable the usage of histograms by the optimizer
    HISTOGRAMS

    _OPTIMIZER_USE_  :  Enables physical optimizer subheap
    SUBHEAP

    _OPTIM_ADJUST_F  :  adjust stats for skews across partitions
    OR_PART_SKEWS

    _OPTIM_DICT_STA  :  enable/disable dictionary stats gathering at db
    TS_AT_DB_CR_UPG     create/upgrade

    _OPTIM_ENHANCE_  :  TRUE to enable index [fast] full scan more often
    NNULL_DETECTION

    _OPTIM_NEW_DEFA  :  improves the way default equijoin selectivity are
    ULT_JOIN_SEL        computed

    _OPTIM_PEEK_USE  :  enable peeking of user binds
    R_BINDS

    _ORACLE_SCRIPT   :  Running an Oracle-supplied script
    _ORADBG_PATHNAM  :  path of oradbg script
    E

    _ORADEBUG_CMDS_  :  oradebug commands to execute at instance startup
    AT_STARTUP

    _ORADEBUG_FORCE  :  force target processes to execute oradebug commands?
    _ORDERED_NESTED  :  enable ordered nested loop costing
    _LOOP

    _ORDERED_SEMIJO  :  enable ordered semi-join subquery
    IN

    _ORPH_CLN_INTER  :  qmon periodic interval for removed subscriber messages
    VAL                 cleanup

    _OR_EXPAND_NVL_  :  enable OR expanded plan for NVL/DECODE predicate
    PREDICATE

    _OSS_SKGXP_UDP_  :  OSSLIB enable[!0]/disable[0] dynamic credit mgmt for
    DYNAMIC_CREDIT_     SKGXP-UDP
    MGMT

    _OS_SCHED_HIGH_  :  OS high priority level
    PRIORITY

    _OTHER_WAIT_EVE  :  exclude event names from _other_wait_threshold
    NT_EXCLUSION        calculations

    _OTHER_WAIT_THR  :  threshold wait percentage for event wait class Other
    ESHOLD

    _OUTLINE_BITMAP  :  BITMAP_TREE hint enabled in outline
    _TREE

    _PARALLELISM_CO  :  set the parallelism cost fudge factor
    ST_FUDGE_FACTOR

    _PARALLEL_ADAPT  :  maximum number of users running with default DOP
    IVE_MAX_USERS

    _PARALLEL_BLACK  :  parallel execution blackbox enabled
    BOX_ENABLED

    _PARALLEL_BLACK  :  true if blackbox will be allocated in SGA, false if PGA
    BOX_SGA

    _PARALLEL_BLACK  :  parallel execution blackbox bucket size
    BOX_SIZE

    _PARALLEL_BROAD  :  enable broadcasting of small inputs to hash and sort
    CAST_ENABLED        merge joins

    _PARALLEL_CLUST  :  max percentage of the global buffer cache to use for
    ER_CACHE_PCT        affinity

    _PARALLEL_CLUST  :  policy used for parallel execution on
    ER_CACHE_POLICY     cluster(ADAPTIVE/CACHED)

    _PARALLEL_CONSE  :  conservative parallel statement queuing
    RVATIVE_QUEUING

    _PARALLEL_CTAS_  :  enable/disable parallel CTAS operation
    ENABLED

    _PARALLEL_DEFAU  :  default maximum number of instances for parallel query
    LT_MAX_INSTANCE
    S

    _PARALLEL_EXECU  :  Alignment of PX buffers to OS page boundary
    TION_MESSAGE_AL
    IGN

    _PARALLEL_FAKE_  :  fake db-scheduler percent used for testing
    CLASS_PCT

    _PARALLEL_FAULT  :  total number of faults fault-tolerance will handle
    _TOLERANCE_THRE
    SHOLD

    _PARALLEL_FIXWR  :  Number of buckets for each round of fix write
    ITE_BUCKET

    _PARALLEL_HEART  :  interval of snapshot to track px msging between
    BEAT_SNAPSHOT_I     instances
    NTERVAL

    _PARALLEL_HEART  :  maximum number of historical snapshots archived
    BEAT_SNAPSHOT_M
    AX

    _PARALLEL_LOAD_  :  parallel execution load balanced slave allocation
    BALANCING

    _PARALLEL_LOAD_  :  number of threads to allocate per instance
    BAL_UNIT

    _PARALLEL_LOAD_  :  diffrence in percentage controlling px load propagation
    PUBLISH_THRESHO
    LD

    _PARALLEL_MIN_M  :  minimum size of shared pool memory to reserve for pq
    ESSAGE_POOL         servers

    _PARALLEL_OPTIM  :  parallel optimization phase when all slaves are local
    IZATION_PHASE_F
    OR_LOCAL

    _PARALLEL_QUEUI  :  parallel statement queuing: max waiting time in queue
    NG_MAX_WAITINGT
    IME

    _PARALLEL_RECOV  :  stop at -position- to step through SMON
    ERY_STOPAT

    _PARALLEL_REPLA  :  Number of messages for each round of parallel replay
    Y_MSG_LIMIT

    _PARALLEL_SCALA  :  Parallel scalability criterion for parallel execution
    BILITY

    _PARALLEL_SERVE  :  idle time before parallel query server dies (in 1/100
    R_IDLE_TIME         sec)

    _PARALLEL_SERVE  :  sleep time between dequeue timeouts (in 1/100ths)
    R_SLEEP_TIME

    _PARALLEL_SLAVE  :  time(in seconds) to wait before retrying slave
    _ACQUISITION_WA     acquisition
    IT

    _PARALLEL_STATE  :  parallel statement queuing enabled
    MENT_QUEUING

    _PARALLEL_SYSPL  :  TRUE to obey force parallel query/dml/ddl under System
    S_OBEY_FORCE        PL/SQL

    _PARALLEL_TIME_  :  unit of work used to derive the degree of parallelism
    UNIT                (in seconds)

    _PARALLEL_TXN_G  :  enable parallel_txn hint with updates and deletes
    LOBAL

    _PARAMETER_TABL  :  parameter table block size
    E_BLOCK_SIZE

    _PARTIAL_PWISE_  :  enable partial partition-wise join when TRUE
    JOIN_ENABLED

    _PARTITION_ADVI  :  enables sampling based partitioning validation
    SOR_SRS_ACTIVE

    _PARTITION_CDB_  :  partitioned cdb view evaluation enabled
    VIEW_ENABLED

    _PARTITION_LARG  :  Enables large extent allocation for partitioned tables
    E_EXTENTS

    _PARTITION_VIEW  :  enable/disable partitioned views
    _ENABLED

    _PART_ACCESS_VE  :  use version numbers to access versioned objects for
    RSION_BY_NUMBER     partitioning

    _PART_REDEF_GLO  :  online partition redefinition update global indexes
    BAL_INDEX_UPDAT
    E

    _PASSWORDFILE_E  :  password file enqueue timeout in seconds
    NQUEUE_TIMEOUT

    _PCT_REFRESH_DO  :  materialized view PCT refreshes avoid double counting
    UBLE_COUNT_PREV
    ENTED

    _PDB_USE_SEQUEN  :  Use sequence cache in PDB mode
    CE_CACHE

    _PDML_GIM_SAMPL  :  control separation of global index maintenance for PDML
    ING

    _PDML_GIM_STAGG  :  slaves start on different index when doing index maint
    ERED

    _PDML_SLAVES_DI  :  slaves start on different partition when doing index
    FF_PART             maint

    _PERCENT_FLASHB  :  Percent of flashback buffer filled to be considered
    ACK_BUF_PARTIAL     partial full
    _FULL

    _PGACTX_CAP_STA  :  capture stacks for setting pgactx
    CKS

    _PGA_LARGE_EXTE  :  PGA large extent size
    NT_SIZE

    _PGA_LIMIT_CHEC  :  microseconds to wait for over limit confirmation
    K_WAIT_TIME

    _PGA_LIMIT_DUMP  :  dump PGA summary when signalling ORA-4036
    _SUMMARY

    _PGA_LIMIT_INTE  :  whether to interrupt smaller eligible processes
    RRUPT_SMALLER

    _PGA_LIMIT_MIN_  :  bytes of PGA usage below which process will not get
    REQ_SIZE            ORA-4036

    _PGA_LIMIT_SIMU  :  bytes of physical memory to determine
    LATED_PHYSMEM_S     pga_aggregate_limit with
    IZE

    _PGA_LIMIT_TARG  :  default percent of pga_aggregate_target for
    ET_PERC             pga_aggregate_limit

    _PGA_LIMIT_TIME  :  seconds to wait until direct interrupt
    _TO_INTERRUPT

    _PGA_LIMIT_TIME  :  seconds to wait before treating process as idle
    _UNTIL_IDLE

    _PGA_LIMIT_TIME  :  seconds to wait before killing session over limit
    _UNTIL_KILLED

    _PGA_LIMIT_TRAC  :  trace pga_aggregate_limit activity
    ING

    _PGA_LIMIT_USE_  :  use immediate kill for sessions over limit
    IMMEDIATE_KILL

    _PGA_LIMIT_WATC  :  percentage of limit to have processes watch
    H_PERC

    _PGA_LIMIT_WATC  :  bytes of PGA usage at which process will begin watching
    H_SIZE              limit

    _PGA_MAX_SIZE    :  Maximum size of the PGA memory for one process
    _PING_WAIT_FOR_  :  Wait for log force before block ping
    LOG_FORCE

    _PIN_TIME_STATI  :  if TRUE collect statistics for how long a current pin
    STICS               is held

    _PIVOT_IMPLEMEN  :  pivot implementation method
    TATION_METHOD

    _PKT_ENABLE      :  enable progressive kill test
    _PKT_PMON_INTER  :  PMON process clean-up interval (cs)
    VAL

    _PKT_START       :  start progressive kill test instrumention
    _PLAN_OUTLINE_D  :  explain plan outline data enabled
    ATA

    _PLAN_VERIFY_IM  :  Performance improvement criterion for evolving plan
    PROVEMENT_MARGI     baselines
    N

    _PLAN_VERIFY_LO  :  Local time limit to use for an individual plan
    CAL_TIME_LIMIT      verification

    _PLSQL_ANON_BLO  :  PL/SQL anonymous block code-type
    CK_CODE_TYPE

    _PLSQL_CACHE_EN  :  PL/SQL Function Cache Enabled
    ABLE

    _PLSQL_DUMP_BUF  :  conditions upon which the PL/SQL circular buffer is
    FER_EVENTS          dumped

    _PLSQL_MAX_STAC  :  PL/SQL maximum stack size
    K_SIZE

    _PLSQL_MINIMUM_  :  plsql minimum cache hit percentage required to keep
    CACHE_HIT_PERCE     caching active
    NT

    _PLSQL_NATIVE_F  :  Allocate PL/SQL native frames on the heap if size
    RAME_THRESHOLD      exceeds this value

    _PLSQL_NVL_OPTI  :  PL/SQL NVL optimize
    MIZE

    _PLUGGABLE_DATA  :  Debug flag for pluggable database related operations
    BASE_DEBUG

    _PMON_DEAD_BLKR  :  rate to check blockers are alive during cleanup (in
    S_ALIVE_CHK_RAT     seconds)
    E_SECS

    _PMON_DEAD_BLKR  :  max blockers to check during cleanup
    S_MAX_BLKRS

    _PMON_DEAD_BLKR  :  max attempts per blocker while checking dead blockers
    S_MAX_CLEANUP_A
    TTEMPTS

    _PMON_DEAD_BLKR  :  rate to scan for dead blockers during cleanup (in
    S_SCAN_RATE_SEC     seconds)
    S

    _PMON_ENABLE_DE  :  look for dead blockers during PMON cleanup
    AD_BLKRS

    _PMON_LOAD_CONS  :  server load balancing constants (S,P,D,I,L,C,M)
    TANTS

    _PMON_MAX_CONSE  :  PMON max consecutive posts in main loop
    C_POSTS

    _POST_WAIT_QUEU  :  Post Wait Queues – Num Dynamic Queues
    ES_DYNAMIC_QUEU
    ES

    _POST_WAIT_QUEU  :  Post Wait Queues – Num Per Class
    ES_NUM_PER_CLAS
    S

    _PQQ_DEBUG_TXN_  :  pq queuing transaction active
    ACT

    _PQQ_ENABLED     :  Enable Resource Manager based Parallel Statement
    Queuing

    _PRECOMPUTE_GID  :  precompute gid values and copy them before returning a
    _VALUES             row

    _PREDICATE_ELIM  :  allow predicate elimination if set to TRUE
    INATION_ENABLED

    _PRED_MOVE_AROU  :  enables predicate move-around
    ND

    _PRED_PUSH_CDB_  :  predicate pushdown enabled for CDB views
    VIEW_ENABLED

    _PREFERED_STAND  :  standby db_unique_name prefered for krb operations
    BY

    _PRESCOMM        :  presume commit of IMU transactions
    _PRE_REWRITE_PU  :  push predicates into views before rewrite
    SH_PRED

    _PRINT_INMEM_HE  :  print inmem ilm heatmap
    ATMAP

    _PRINT_REFRESH_  :  enable dbms_output of materialized view refresh
    SCHEDULE            schedule

    _PRINT_STAT_SEG  :  print ilm statistics segment
    MENT

    _PRIVATE_MEMORY  :  Start address of large extent memory segment
    _ADDRESS

    _PROJECTION_PUS  :  projection pushdown
    HDOWN

    _PROJECTION_PUS  :  level for projection pushdown debugging
    HDOWN_DEBUG

    _PROJECT_VIEW_C  :  enable projecting out unreferenced columns of a view
    OLUMNS

    _PROP_OLD_ENABL  :  Shift to pre 11g propagation behaviour
    ED

    _PROTECT_FRAME_  :  Protect cursor frame heaps
    HEAPS

    _PTN_CACHE_THRE  :  flags and threshold to control partition metadata
    SHOLD               caching

    _PUSH_JOIN_PRED  :  enable pushing join predicate inside a view
    ICATE

    _PUSH_JOIN_UNIO  :  enable pushing join predicate inside a union all view
    N_VIEW

    _PUSH_JOIN_UNIO  :  enable pushing join predicate inside a union view
    N_VIEW2

    _PX_ADAPTIVE_DI  :  determines the behavior of adaptive distribution
    ST_METHOD           methods

    _PX_ADAPTIVE_DI  :  Buffering / decision threshold for adaptive
    ST_METHOD_THRES     distribution methods
    HOLD

    _PX_ADAPTIVE_OF  :  percentage for PQ adaptive offloading of granules
    FLOAD_PERCENTAG
    E

    _PX_ADAPTIVE_OF  :  threshold (GB/s) for PQ adaptive offloading of granules
    FLOAD_THRESHOLD

    _PX_ASYNC_GETGR  :  asynchronous get granule in the slave
    ANULE

    _PX_BACK_TO_PAR  :  allow going back to parallel after a serial operation
    ALLEL

    _PX_BIND_PEEK_S  :  enables sharing of px cursors that were built using
    HARING              bind peeking

    _PX_BROADCAST_F  :  set the tq broadcasting fudge factor percentage
    UDGE_FACTOR

    _PX_BUFFER_TTL   :  ttl for px mesg buffers in seconds
    _PX_CDB_VIEW_EN  :  parallel cdb view evaluation enabled
    ABLED

    _PX_CHUNKLIST_C  :  ratio of the number of chunk lists to the default DOP
    OUNT_RATIO          per instance

    _PX_COMPILATION  :  debug level for parallel compilation
    _DEBUG

    _PX_COMPILATION  :  tracing level for parallel compilation
    _TRACE

    _PX_CONCURRENT   :  enables pq with concurrent execution of serial inputs
    _PX_CPU_AUTODOP  :  enables or disables auto dop cpu computation
    _ENABLED

    _PX_CPU_OPERATO  :  CPU operator bandwidth in MB/sec for DOP computation
    R_BANDWIDTH

    _PX_CPU_PROCESS  :  CPU process bandwidth in MB/sec for DOP computation
    _BANDWIDTH

    _PX_DP_ARRAY_SI  :  Max number of pq processes supported
    ZE

    _PX_DUMP_12805_  :  enables or disables tracing of 12805 signal source
    SOURCE

    _PX_DYNAMIC_OPT  :  turn off/on restartable qerpx dynamic optimization
    _PX_DYNAMIC_SAM  :  num of samples for restartable qerpx dynamic
    PLE_SIZE            optimization

    _PX_EXECUTION_S  :  enable service-based constraint of px slave allocation
    ERVICES_ENABLED

    _PX_FILTER_PARA  :  enables or disables correlated filter parallelization
    LLELIZED

    _PX_FILTER_SKEW  :  enable correlated filter parallelization to handle skew
    _HANDLING

    _PX_FREELIST_LA  :  Divide the computed number of freelists by this power
    TCH_DIVISOR         of 2

    _PX_GIM_FACTOR   :  weighted autodop global index maintenance factor
    _PX_GRANULE_BAT  :  maximum size of a batch of granules
    CH_SIZE

    _PX_GRANULE_RAN  :  enables or disables randomization of parallel scans
    DOMIZE              rowid granules

    _PX_GRANULE_SIZ  :  default size of a rowid range granule (in KB)
    E

    _PX_GROUPBY_PUS  :  perform group-by pushdown for parallel query
    HDOWN

    _PX_HOLD_TIME    :  hold px at execution time (unit: second)
    _PX_HYBRID_TSM_  :  Enable Hybrid Temp Segment Merge/High Water Mark
    HWMB_LOAD           Brokered load method

    _PX_INDEX_SAMPL  :  parallel query sampling for index create based on
    ING_OBJSIZE         object size

    _PX_IO_PROCESS_  :  IO process bandwidth in MB/sec for computing DOP
    BANDWIDTH

    _PX_IO_SYSTEM_B  :  total IO system bandwidth in MB/sec for computing DOP
    ANDWIDTH

    _PX_JOIN_SKEW_H  :  enables skew handling for parallel joins
    ANDLING

    _PX_JOIN_SKEW_M  :  sets minimum frequency(%) for skewed value for parallel
    INFREQ              joins

    _PX_JOIN_SKEW_R  :  sets skew ratio for parallel joins
    ATIO

    _PX_KXIB_TRACIN  :  turn on kxib tracing
    G

    _PX_LOAD_BALANC  :  parallel load balancing policy
    ING_POLICY

    _PX_LOAD_FACTOR  :  weighted autodop load factor
    _PX_LOAD_MONITO  :  threshold for pushing information to load slave
    R_THRESHOLD         workload monitor

    _PX_LOAD_PUBLIS  :  interval at which LMON will check whether to publish PX
    H_INTERVAL          load

    _PX_LOC_MSG_COS  :  CPU cost to send a PX message via shared memory
    T

    _PX_MAX_GRANULE  :  maximum number of rowid range granules to generate per
    S_PER_SLAVE         slave

    _PX_MAX_MAP_VAL  :  Maximum value of rehash mapping for PX
    _PX_MAX_MESSAGE  :  percentage of shared pool for px msg buffers range
    _POOL_PCT           [5,90]

    _PX_MESSAGE_COM  :  enable compression of control messages for parallel
    PRESSION            query

    _PX_MINUS_INTER  :  enables pq for minus/interect operators
    SECT

    _PX_MIN_GRANULE  :  minimum number of rowid range granules to generate per
    S_PER_SLAVE         slave

    _PX_MONITOR_LOA  :  enable consumer load slave workload monitoring
    D

    _PX_NET_MSG_COS  :  CPU cost to send a PX message over the internconnect
    T

    _PX_NO_GRANULE_  :  prevent parallel partition granules to be sorted on
    SORT                size

    _PX_NO_STEALING  :  prevent parallel granule stealing in shared nothing
    environment

    _PX_NSS_PLANB    :  enables or disables NSS Plan B reparse with outline
    _PX_NUMA_STEALI  :  enable/disable PQ granule stealing across NUMA nodes
    NG_ENABLED

    _PX_NUMA_SUPPOR  :  enable/disable PQ NUMA support
    T_ENABLED

    _PX_OBJECT_SAMP  :  parallel query sampling for base objects (100000 =
    LING                100%)

    _PX_OBJECT_SAMP  :  use base object sampling when possible for range
    LING_ENABLED        distribution

    _PX_ONEPASS_SLA  :  enable/disable one pass slave acquisition for parallel
    VE_ACQUISITION      execution

    _PX_PARALLELIZE  :  enables or disables expression evaluation
    _EXPRESSION         parallelization

    _PX_PARTIAL_ROL  :  perform partial rollup pushdown for parallel execution
    LUP_PUSHDOWN

    _PX_PARTITION_S  :  enables or disables parallel partition-based scan
    CAN_ENABLED

    _PX_PARTITION_S  :  least number of partitions per slave to start
    CAN_THRESHOLD       partition-based scan

    _PX_PROACTIVE_S  :  parallel proactive slave allocation threshold/unit
    LAVE_ALLOC_THRE
    SHOLD

    _PX_PROC_CONSTR  :  reduce parallel_max_servers if greater than (processes
    AIN                 – fudge)

    _PX_PWG_ENABLED  :  parallel partition wise group by enabled
    _PX_PWMR_ENABLE  :  parallel partition wise match recognize enabled
    D

    _PX_REPLICATION  :  enables or disables replication of small table scans
    _ENABLED

    _PX_ROUND_ROBIN  :  round robin row count to enq to next slave
    _ROWCNT

    _PX_ROWNUM_PD    :  turn off/on parallel rownum pushdown optimization
    _PX_SEND_TIMEOU  :  IPC message  send timeout value in seconds
    T

    _PX_SINGLE_SERV  :  allow single-slave dfo in parallel query
    ER_ENABLED

    _PX_SLAVES_SHAR  :  slaves share cursors with QC
    E_CURSORS

    _PX_TQ_ROWHVS    :  turn on intra-row hash valueing sharing in TQ
    _PX_TRACE        :  px trace parameter
    _PX_UAL_SERIAL_  :  enables new pq for UNION operators
    INPUT

    _PX_USE_LARGE_P  :  Use Large Pool as source of PX buffers
    OOL

    _PX_WIF_DFO_DEC  :  NDV-aware DFO clumping of multiple window sorts
    LUMPING

    _PX_WIF_EXTEND_  :  extend TQ data redistribution keys for window functions
    DISTRIBUTION_KE
    YS

    _PX_WIF_MIN_NDV  :  mininum NDV of TQ keys needed per slave for scalable
    _PER_SLAVE          WiF PX

    _PX_XTGRANULE_S  :  default size of a external table granule (in KB)
    IZE

    _QA_CONTROL      :  Oracle internal parameter to control QA
    _QA_LRG_TYPE     :  Oracle internal parameter to specify QA lrg type
    _QUERY_COST_REW  :  perform the cost based rewrite with materialized views
    RITE

    _QUERY_EXECUTIO  :  max size of query execution cache
    N_CACHE_MAX_SIZ
    E

    _QUERY_MMVREWRI  :  query mmv rewrite maximum number of cmaps per dmap in
    TE_MAXCMAPS         query disjunct

    _QUERY_MMVREWRI  :  query mmv rewrite maximum number of dmaps per query
    TE_MAXDMAPS         disjunct

    _QUERY_MMVREWRI  :  query mmv rewrite maximum number of in-lists per
    TE_MAXINLISTS       disjunct

    _QUERY_MMVREWRI  :  query mmv rewrite maximum number of intervals per
    TE_MAXINTERVALS     disjunct

    _QUERY_MMVREWRI  :  query mmv rewrite maximum number of predicates per
    TE_MAXPREDS         disjunct

    _QUERY_MMVREWRI  :  query mmv rewrite maximum number of query in-list
    TE_MAXQRYINLIST     values
    VALS

    _QUERY_MMVREWRI  :  query mmv rewrite maximum number of region permutations
    TE_MAXREGPERM

    _QUERY_ON_PHYSI  :  query on physical
    CAL

    _QUERY_REWRITE_  :  perform query rewrite before&after or only before view
    1                   merging

    _QUERY_REWRITE_  :  perform query rewrite before&after or only after view
    2                   merging

    _QUERY_REWRITE_  :  mv rewrite and drop redundant joins
    DRJ

    _QUERY_REWRITE_  :  rewrite with cannonical form for expressions
    EXPRESSION

    _QUERY_REWRITE_  :  mv rewrite fresh partition containment
    FPC

    _QUERY_REWRITE_  :  cost based query rewrite with MVs fudge factor
    FUDGE

    _QUERY_REWRITE_  :  mv rewrite with jg migration
    JGMIGRATE

    _QUERY_REWRITE_  :  query rewrite max disjuncts
    MAXDISJUNCT

    _QUERY_REWRITE_  :  allow query rewrite, if referenced tables are not
    OR_ERROR            dataless

    _QUERY_REWRITE_  :  perform general rewrite using set operator summaries
    SETOPGRW_ENABLE

    _QUERY_REWRITE_  :  prune frocol chain before rewrite after view-merging
    VOP_CLEANUP

    _QUEUE_BUFFER_M  :  max number of bytes to dump to trace file for queue
    AX_DUMP_LEN         buffer dump

    _RADM_ENABLED    :  Data Redaction
    _RBR_CKPT_TRACI  :  Enable reuse block range checkpoint tracing
    NG

    _RCFG_DISABLE_V  :  if TRUE disables verify at reconfiguration
    ERIFY

    _RCFG_PARALLEL_  :  if TRUE enables parallel fixwrite at reconfiguration
    FIXWRITE

    _RCFG_PARALLEL_  :  if TRUE enables parallel replay and cleanup at
    REPLAY              reconfiguration

    _RCFG_PARALLEL_  :  if TRUE enables parallel verify at reconfiguration
    VERIFY

    _RDBMS_COMPATIB  :  default RDBMS compatibility level
    ILITY

    _RDBMS_INTERNAL  :  enable CELL FPLIB filtering within rdbms
    _FPLIB_ENABLED

    _RDBMS_INTERNAL  :  enable reraising of any exceptions in CELL FPLIB
    _FPLIB_RAISE_ER
    RORS

    _READABLE_STAND  :  readable standby query scn sync timeout
    BY_SYNC_TIMEOUT

    _READ_MOSTLY_EN  :  Read mostly instances enable non-privileged logons
    ABLE_LOGON

    _READ_MOSTLY_IN  :  indicates this is a read_mostly instance
    STANCE

    _READ_MOSTLY_IN  :  internal parameter to control read mostly instance QA
    STANCE_QA_CONTR
    OL

    _READ_MOSTLY_SL  :  Time to wait on read mostly node when hub not available
    AVE_TIMEOUT

    _READ_ONLY_VIOL  :  read-only violation dump to trace files
    ATION_DUMP_TO_T
    RACE

    _READ_ONLY_VIOL  :  read-only violation array max count
    ATION_MAX_COUNT

    _READ_ONLY_VIOL  :  read-only violation array per module max count
    ATION_MAX_COUNT
    _PER_MODULE

    _REALFREE_HEAP_  :  minimum max total heap size, in Kbytes
    MAX_SIZE

    _REALFREE_HEAP_  :  mode flags for real-free heap
    MODE

    _REALFREE_HEAP_  :  hint for real-free page size in bytes
    PAGESIZE

    _REALFREE_PQ_HE  :  hint for pq real-free page size in bytes
    AP_PAGESIZE

    _REAL_TIME_APPL  :  Simulation value with real time apply
    Y_SIM

    _RECOVERABLE_RE  :  Recoverable recovery batch size (percentage of buffer
    COVERY_BATCH_PE     cache)
    RCENT

    _RECOVERY_ASSER  :  if TRUE, enable expensive integrity checks
    TS

    _RECOVERY_PERCE  :  recovery buffer cache percentage
    NTAGE

    _RECOVERY_READ_  :  number of recovery reads which can be outstanding
    LIMIT

    _RECOVERY_SKIP_  :  allow media recovery even if controlfile seq check
    CFSEQ_CHECK         fails

    _RECOVERY_VERIF  :  enable thread recovery write verify
    Y_WRITES

    _RECURSIVE_IMU_  :  recursive transactions may be IMU
    TRANSACTIONS

    _RECURSIVE_WITH  :  check for maximum level of recursion instead of
    _MAX_RECURSION_     checking for cycles
    LEVEL

    _REDEF_ON_STATE  :  Use on-statement refresh in online redefinition
    MENT

    _REDO_COMPATIBI  :  general and redo/undo compatibility sanity check
    LITY_CHECK

    _REDO_LOG_DEBUG  :  Various configuration flags for debugging redo logs
    _CONFIG

    _REDO_LOG_RECOR  :  Life time in hours for redo log table records
    D_LIFE

    _REDO_READ_FROM  :  Enable reading redo from in-memory log buffer
    _MEMORY

    _REDO_TRANSPORT  :  Is ASYNC LNS compression allowed?
    _COMPRESS_ALL

    _REDO_TRANSPORT  :  redo transport sanity check bit mask
    _SANITY_CHECK

    _REDO_TRANSPORT  :  I/O stall time before terminating redo transport
    _STALL_TIME         process

    _REDO_TRANSPORT  :  long I/O stall time before terminating redo transport
    _STALL_TIME_LON     process
    G

    _REDO_TRANSPORT  :  test stream connection?
    _STREAM_TEST

    _REDO_TRANSPORT  :  Stream network writes?
    _STREAM_WRITES

    _REDO_TRANSPORT  :  VIO size requirement
    _VIO_SIZE_REQ

    _REDUCE_SBY_LOG  :  enable standby log scan optimization
    _SCAN

    _REGION_NAME     :  gsm region name
    _RELEASE_INSERT  :  maximum number of unusable blocks to unlink from
    _THRESHOLD          freelist

    _RELIABLE_BLOCK  :  if TRUE, no side channel on reliable interconnect
    _SENDS

    _RELOCATE_PDB    :  Relocate PDB to another RAC instance after it is closed
    in the current instance

    _RELOCATION_COM  :  ASM relocation commit batch size
    MIT_BATCH_SIZE

    _REMOTE_ASM      :  remote ASM configuration
    _REMOTE_AWR_ENA  :  Enable/disable Remote AWR Mode
    BLED

    _REMOVE_AGGR_SU  :  enables removal of subsumed aggregated subquery
    BQUERY

    _REMOVE_EXF_COM  :  enable/disable removing of components EXF and RUL
    PONENT              during upgrade

    _REPLACE_VIRTUA  :  replace expressions with virtual columns
    L_COLUMNS

    _REPORT_CAPTURE  :  Time (in sec) between two cycles of report capture
    _CYCLE_TIME         daemon

    _REPORT_CAPTURE  :  100X Percent of system db time daemon is allowed over
    _DBTIME_PERCENT     10 cycles
    _CUTOFF

    _REPORT_CAPTURE  :  No of report capture cycles after which db time is
    _RECHARGE_WINDO     recharged
    W

    _REPORT_CAPTURE  :  Length of time band (in hours) in the reports time
    _TIMEBAND_LENGT     bands table
    H

    _REPORT_REQUEST  :  Time (in min) after which a report request is deleted
    _AGEOUT_MINUTES     from queue

    _REP_BASE_PATH   :  base path for EM reports in database
    _RESET_MAXCAP_H  :  reset maxcap history time
    ISTORY

    _RESOURCE_INCLU  :  Whether RESOURCE role includes UNLIMITED TABLESPACE
    DES_UNLIMITED_T     privilege
    ABLESPACE

    _RESOURCE_MANAG  :  disable the resource manager always
    ER_ALWAYS_OFF

    _RESOURCE_MANAG  :  resource mgr top plan for internal use
    ER_PLAN

    _RESTORE_MAXOPE  :  restore assumption for maxopenfiles
    NFILES

    _RESTORE_SPFILE  :  restore spfile to this location
    _RESULT_CACHE_A  :  result cache auto dml monitoring duration
    UTO_DML_MONITOR
    ING_DURATION

    _RESULT_CACHE_A  :  result cache auto dml monitoring slot
    UTO_DML_MONITOR
    ING_SLOTS

    _RESULT_CACHE_A  :  result cache auto dml threshold
    UTO_DML_THRESHO
    LD

    _RESULT_CACHE_A  :  result cache auto dml trend threshold
    UTO_DML_TREND_T
    HRESHOLD

    _RESULT_CACHE_A  :  result cache auto execution threshold
    UTO_EXECUTION_T
    HRESHOLD

    _RESULT_CACHE_A  :  result cache auto max size allowed
    UTO_SIZE_THRESH
    OLD

    _RESULT_CACHE_A  :  result cache auto time distance
    UTO_TIME_DISTAN
    CE

    _RESULT_CACHE_A  :  result cache auto time threshold
    UTO_TIME_THRESH
    OLD

    _RESULT_CACHE_B  :  result cache block size
    LOCK_SIZE

    _RESULT_CACHE_C  :  blocks to copy instead of pinning the result
    OPY_BLOCK_COUNT

    _RESULT_CACHE_D  :  result cache deterministic PLSQL functions
    ETERMINISTIC_PL
    SQL

    _RESULT_CACHE_G  :  Are results available globally across RAC?
    LOBAL

    _RESULT_CACHE_T  :  maximum time (sec) a session waits for a result
    IMEOUT

    _RESUMABLE_CRIT  :  raise critical alert for resumable failure
    ICAL_ALERT

    _REUSE_INDEX_LO  :  number of blocks being examine for index block reuse
    OP

    _RE_FAST_SQL_OP  :  enables fast boxable sql operator
    ERATOR

    _RE_INDEPENDENT  :  defines max number of compiled cached expressions for
    _EXPRESSION_CAC     iee
    HE_SIZE

    _RE_NUM_COMPLEX  :  defines max number of compiled complex operator per
    _OPERATOR           ruleset-iee

    _RE_NUM_ROWCACH  :  defines max number of complex operators loaded with row
    E_LOAD              cache

    _RE_RESULT_CACH  :  defines max number key for result cache hash table
    E_KEYSIZ

    _RE_RESULT_CACH  :  defines max number of cached elements for result cache
    E_SIZE

    _RIGHT_OUTER_HA  :  Right Outer/Semi/Anti Hash Enabled
    SH_ENABLE

    _RMAN_IO_PRIORI  :  priority at which rman backup i/o’s are done
    TY

    _RMAN_ROUNDROBI  :  Numa round robin placement for RMAN procs
    N_PLACEMENT

    _RM_CLUSTER_INT  :  interconnects for RAC use (RM)
    ERCONNECTS

    _RM_NUMA_SCHED_  :  Is Resource Manager (RM) related NUMA scheduled policy
    ENABLE              enabled

    _RM_NUMA_SIMULA  :  number of cpus for each pg for numa simulation in
    TION_CPUS           resource manager

    _RM_NUMA_SIMULA  :  number of PGs for numa simulation in resource manager
    TION_PGS

    _ROLLBACK_SEGME  :  number of undo segments
    NT_COUNT

    _ROLLBACK_SEGME  :  starting undo segment number
    NT_INITIAL

    _ROLLBACK_STOPA  :  stop at -position to step rollback
    T

    _ROND_TEST_MODE  :  rac one node test mode
    _ROWLEN_FOR_CHA  :  maximum rowlen above which rows may be chained across
    INING_THRESHOLD     blocks

    _ROWSETS_CDB_VI  :  rowsets enabled for CDB views
    EW_ENABLED

    _ROWSETS_ENABLE  :  enable/disable rowsets
    D

    _ROWSETS_MAX_RO  :  maximum number of rows in a rowset
    WS

    _ROWSETS_TARGET  :  target size in bytes for space reserved in the frame
    _MAXSIZE            for a rowset

    _ROWSOURCE_EXEC  :  if TRUE, Oracle will collect rowsource statistics
    UTION_STATISTIC
    S

    _ROWSOURCE_PROF  :  if TRUE, Oracle will capture active row sources in
    ILING_STATISTIC     v$active_session_history
    S

    _ROWSOURCE_STAT  :  frequency of rowsource statistic sampling (must be a
    ISTICS_SAMPFREQ     power of 2)

    _ROWSRC_TRACE_L  :  Row source tree tracing level
    EVEL

    _ROW_CACHE_CURS  :  number of cached cursors for row cache management
    ORS

    _ROW_CR          :  enable row cr for all sql
    _ROW_LOCKING     :  row-locking
    _ROW_SHIPPING_E  :  enable row shipping explain plan support
    XPLAIN

    _ROW_SHIPPING_T  :  row shipping column selection threshold
    HRESHOLD

    _RTADDM_TRIGGER  :  comma-separated list of numeric arguments for RT addm
    _ARGS               trigger

    _RTADDM_TRIGGER  :  To enable or disable Real-Time ADDM automatic trigger
    _ENABLED

    _RTA_SYNC_WAIT_  :  RTA sync wait timeout
    TIMEOUT

    _RTC_INFEASIBLE  :  Redo Transport Compression infeasible threshold
    _THRESHOLD

    _SAMPLE_ROWS_PE  :  number of rows per block used for sampling IO
    R_BLOCK             optimization

    _SCALAR_TYPE_LO  :  threshold for VARCHAR2, NVARCHAR2, and RAW storage as
    B_STORAGE_THRES     BLOB
    HOLD

    _SCATTER_GCS_RE  :  if TRUE, gcs resources are scattered uniformly across
    SOURCES             sub pools

    _SCATTER_GCS_SH  :  if TRUE, gcs shadows are scattered uniformly across sub
    ADOWS               pools

    _SCHED_DELAY_MA  :  scheduling delay maximum number of samples
    X_SAMPLES

    _SCHED_DELAY_ME  :  scheduling delay mesurement sleep us
    ASUREMENT_SLEEP
    _US

    _SCHED_DELAY_OS  :  os tick granularity used by scheduling delay
    _TICK_GRANULARI     calculations
    TY_US

    _SCHED_DELAY_SA  :  scheduling delay sample collection duration threshold
    MPLE_COLLECTION     ms
    _THRESH_MS

    _SCHED_DELAY_SA  :  scheduling delay sampling interval in ms
    MPLE_INTERVAL_M
    S

    _SCN_WAIT_INTER  :  max exponential backoff time for scn wait interface in
    FACE_MAX_BACKOF     kta
    F_TIME_SECS

    _SCN_WAIT_INTER  :  max timeout for scn wait interface in kta
    FACE_MAX_TIMEOU
    T_SECS

    _SDIAG_CRASH     :  sql diag crash
    _SECOND_SPARE_P  :  second spare parameter – integer
    ARAMETER

    _SECUREFILES_BR  :  segment retry before dishonoring retention
    EAKRETEN_RETRY

    _SECUREFILES_BU  :  securefiles segment insert only optization
    LKINSERT

    _SECUREFILES_CO  :  securefiles concurrency estimate
    NCURRENCY_ESTIM
    ATE

    _SECUREFILES_FG  :  segment retry before foreground waits
    _RETRY

    _SECUREFILES_FO  :  securefiles force flush before allocation
    RCEFLUSH

    _SECUREFILES_ME  :  securefiles memory as percent of SGA
    MORY_PERCENTOFS
    GA

    _SECUREFILES_SP  :  securefiles segment utl optimization
    CUTL

    _SECUREFILE_LOG  :  Maximum number of open descriptors for securefile log
    _NUM_LATCHES

    _SECUREFILE_LOG  :  Size of securefile log buffer pool from SGA
    _SHARED_POOL_SI
    ZE

    _SECUREFILE_TIM  :  collect kdlu timers and accumulate per layers
    ERS

    _SEC_ENABLE_TES  :  Whether to enable the test RPCs
    T_RPCS

    _SELECTIVITY_FO  :  enable/disable selectivity for storage reduction factor
    R_SRF_ENABLED

    _SELECT_ANY_DIC  :  Exclude USER$, XS$VERIFIERS, ENC$ and DEFAULT_PWD$ from
    TIONARY_SECURIT     SELECT ANY DICTIONARY system privilege
    Y_ENABLED

    _SELFJOIN_MV_DU  :  control rewrite self-join algorithm
    PLICATES

    _SELFTUNE_CHECK  :  Self-tune checkpointing lag the tail of the redo log
    POINTING_LAG

    _SELFTUNE_CHECK  :  Percentage of total physical i/os for self-tune ckpt
    POINT_WRITE_PCT

    _SEM_PER_SEMID   :  the exact number of semaphores per semaphore set to
    allocate

    _SEND_AST_TO_FO  :  if TRUE, send ast message to foreground
    REGROUND

    _SEND_CLOSE_WIT  :  if TRUE, send close with block even with direct sends
    H_BLOCK

    _SEND_REQUESTS_  :  if TRUE, try to send CR requests to PI buffers
    TO_PI

    _SERIALIZABLE    :  serializable
    _SERIALIZE_LGWR  :  Serialize LGWR SYNC local and remote io
    _SYNC_IO

    _SERIAL_DIRECT_  :  enable direct read in serial
    READ

    _SERIAL_LOG_WRI  :  Serialize log write slave I/O
    TE_WORKER_IO

    _SERIAL_RECOVER  :  force serial recovery or parallel recovery
    Y

    _SERVICE_CLEANU  :  timeout to peform service cleanup
    P_TIMEOUT

    _SESSION_ALLOCA  :  one latch per group of sessions
    TION_LATCHES

    _SESSION_CACHED  :  Number of pl/sql instantiations to cache in a session.
    _INSTANTIATIONS

    _SESSION_CONTEX  :  session app context size
    T_SIZE

    _SESSION_IDLE_B  :  one latch per session or a latch per group of sessions
    IT_LATCHES

    _SESSION_PAGE_E  :  Session Page Extent Size
    XTENT

    _SESSION_WAIT_H  :  enable session wait history collection
    ISTORY

    _SET_CONTAINER_  :  set container service
    SERVICE

    _SET_MGD_RECOVE  :  set mgd recovery state to new value
    RY_STATE

    _SEVENTEENTH_SP  :  seventeenth spare parameter – string
    ARE_PARAMETER

    _SEVENTH_SPARE_  :  seventh spare parameter – integer
    PARAMETER

    _SF_DEFAULT_ENA  :  enable 12g securefile default
    BLED

    _SGA_ALLOC_SLAV  :  Termination timeout in secs for SA** slaves
    ES_TERM_TIMEOUT
    _SECS

    _SGA_CLEAR_DUMP  :  Allow dumping encrypted blocks in clear for debugging
    _SGA_EARLY_TRAC  :  sga early trace event
    E

    _SGA_LOCKING     :  sga granule locking state
    _SHARED_IOP_MAX  :  maximum shared io pool size
    _SIZE

    _SHARED_IO_POOL  :  Shared IO pool buffer size
    _BUF_SIZE

    _SHARED_IO_POOL  :  trace kcbi debug info to tracefile
    _DEBUG_TRC

    _SHARED_IO_POOL  :  Size of shared IO pool
    _SIZE

    _SHARED_IO_SET_  :  shared io pool size set internal value – overwrite zero
    VALUE               user size

    _SHARED_POOL_MA  :  shared pool maximum size when auto SGA enabled
    X_SIZE

    _SHARED_POOL_MI  :  shared pool minimum size when auto SGA enabled
    NSIZE_ON

    _SHARED_POOL_RE  :  minimum allocation size in bytes for reserved area of
    SERVED_MIN_ALLO     shared pool
    C

    _SHARED_POOL_RE  :  percentage memory of the shared pool allocated for the
    SERVED_PCT          reserved area

    _SHARED_SERVER_  :  shared server load balance
    LOAD_BALANCE

    _SHARED_SERVER_  :  number of shared server common queues
    NUM_QUEUES

    _SHMPROTECT      :  allow mprotect use for shared memory
    _SHORT_STACK_TI  :  short stack timeout in ms
    MEOUT_MS

    _SHOW_MGD_RECOV  :  Show internal managed recovery state
    ERY_STATE

    _SHRD_QUE_TM_PR  :  number of sharded queue Time Managers to start
    OCESSES

    _SHRD_QUE_TM_ST  :  Shaded queue statistics collection window duration
    ATISTICS_DURATI
    ON

    _SHRUNK_AGGS_DI  :  percentage of exceptions at which to switch to full
    SABLE_THRESHOLD     length aggs

    _SHRUNK_AGGS_EN  :  enable use of variable sized buffers for non-distinct
    ABLED               aggregates

    _SHUTDOWN_COMPL  :  minutes for shutdown operation to wait for sessions to
    ETION_TIMEOUT_M     complete
    INS

    _SIDE_CHANNEL_B  :  number of messages to batch in a side channel message
    ATCH_SIZE           (DFS)

    _SIDE_CHANNEL_B  :  timeout before shipping out the batched side
    ATCH_TIMEOUT        channelmessages in seconds

    _SIDE_CHANNEL_B  :  timeout before shipping out the batched side
    ATCH_TIMEOUT_MS     channelmessages in milliseconds

    _SIMPLE_VIEW_ME  :  control simple view merging performed by the optimizer
    RGING

    _SIMULATED_LOG_  :  Simulated latency of log writes (usecs)
    WRITE_USECS

    _SIMULATE_DISK_  :  Enables skgfr to report simulated disk sector size
    SECTORSIZE

    _SIMULATE_IO_WA  :  Simulate I/O wait to test segment advisor
    IT

    _SIMULATE_MEM_T  :  simulate auto memory sga/pga transfers
    RANSFER

    _SIMULATOR_BUCK  :  LRU bucket minimum delta
    ET_MINDELTA

    _SIMULATOR_INTE  :  simulator internal bound percent
    RNAL_BOUND

    _SIMULATOR_LRU_  :  LRU list rebalance threshold (size)
    REBALANCE_SIZTH
    R

    _SIMULATOR_LRU_  :  LRU list rebalance threshold (count)
    REBALANCE_THRES
    H

    _SIMULATOR_LRU_  :  LRU scan count
    SCAN_COUNT

    _SIMULATOR_PIN_  :  maximum count of invalid chunks on pin list
    INVAL_MAXCNT

    _SIMULATOR_RESE  :  simulator reserved heap count
    RVED_HEAP_COUNT

    _SIMULATOR_RESE  :  simulator reserved object count
    RVED_OBJ_COUNT

    _SIMULATOR_SAMP  :  sampling factor for the simulator
    LING_FACTOR

    _SIMULATOR_UPPE  :  upper bound multiple of pool size
    R_BOUND_MULTIPL
    E

    _SINGLE_PROCESS  :  run without detached processes
    _SIOP_FLASHBACK  :  Shared IO pool flashback io completion scan depth
    _SCANDEPTH

    _SIOP_PERC_OF_B  :  percentange * 100 of cache to transfer to shared io
    C_X100              pool

    _SIXTEENTH_SPAR  :  sixteenth spare parameter – string
    E_PARAMETER

    _SIXTH_SPARE_PA  :  sixth spare parameter – integer
    RAMETER

    _SKGXPG_LAST_PA  :  last defined skgxpg parameter – oss
    RAMETER

    _SKGXP_ANT_OPTI  :  SKGXP ANT options (oss)
    ONS

    _SKGXP_CTX_FLAG  :  IPC debug options flags (oss)
    S1

    _SKGXP_CTX_FLAG  :  IPC debug options flags mask (oss)
    S1MASK

    _SKGXP_DYNAMIC_  :  IPC protocol override
    PROTOCOL            (!0/-1=*,2=UDP,3=RDS,0x1000=ipc_X)

    _SKGXP_GEN_ANT_  :  VRPC request timeout when ANT disabled
    OFF_RPC_TIMEOUT
    _IN_SEC

    _SKGXP_GEN_ANT_  :  ANT protocol ping miss count
    PING_MISSCOUNT

    _SKGXP_GEN_RPC_  :  ANT ping protocol miss count
    NO_PATH_CHECK_I
    N_SEC

    _SKGXP_GEN_RPC_  :  VRPC request timeout when ANT enabled
    TIMEOUT_IN_SEC

    _SKGXP_INETS     :  limit SKGXP networks (oss)
    _SKGXP_MIN_RPC_  :  IPC threshold for rpc rcv zcpy operation (default = 0 –
    RCV_ZCPY_LEN        disabled)

    _SKGXP_MIN_ZCPY  :  IPC threshold for zcpy operation (default = 0 –
    _LEN                disabled)

    _SKGXP_REAPING   :  tune skgxp OSD reaping limit
    _SKGXP_RGN_PORT  :  region socket limits (0xFFFFNNXX): F=flags, N=min,
    S                   X=max

    _SKGXP_SPARE_PA  :  ipc oss spare parameter 1
    RAM1

    _SKGXP_SPARE_PA  :  ipc oss spare parameter 2
    RAM2

    _SKGXP_SPARE_PA  :  ipc oss spare parameter 3
    RAM3

    _SKGXP_SPARE_PA  :  ipc oss spare parameter 4
    RAM4

    _SKGXP_SPARE_PA  :  ipc oss spare parameter 5
    RAM5

    _SKGXP_UDP_ACH_  :  time in minutes before idle ach’s are reaped
    REAPING_TIME

    _SKGXP_UDP_ACK_  :  Enables delayed acks
    DELAY

    _SKGXP_UDP_ENAB  :  Enables dynamic credit management
    LE_DYNAMIC_CRED
    IT_MGMT

    _SKGXP_UDP_HIWA  :  ach hiwat mark warning interval
    T_WARN

    _SKGXP_UDP_INTE  :  time in seconds between interface detection checks
    RFACE_DETECTION
    _TIME_SECS

    _SKGXP_UDP_KEEP  :  connection idle time in seconds before keep alive is
    _ALIVE_PING_TIM     initiated. min: 30 sec max: 1800 sec default: 300 sec
    ER_SECS

    _SKGXP_UDP_LMP_  :  MTU size for UDP LMP testing
    MTUSIZE

    _SKGXP_UDP_LMP_  :  enable UDP long message protection
    ON

    _SKGXP_UDP_TIME  :  diagnostic log buffering space (in bytes) for timed
    D_WAIT_BUFFERIN     wait (0 means unbufferd
    G

    _SKGXP_UDP_TIME  :  time in seconds before timed wait is invoked
    D_WAIT_SECONDS

    _SKGXP_UDP_USE_  :  disable use of high speek timer
    TCB

    _SKGXP_ZCPY_FLA  :  IPC zcpy options flags
    GS

    _SKIP_ACFS_CHEC  :  Override checking if on an ACFS file system
    KS

    _SKIP_ASSUME_MS  :  if TRUE, skip assume message for consigns at the master
    G

    _SKIP_TRSTAMP_C  :  Skip terminal recovery stamp check
    HECK

    _SLAVE_MAPPING_  :  enable slave mapping when TRUE
    ENABLED

    _SLAVE_MAPPING_  :  force the number of slave group in a slave mapper
    GROUP_SIZE

    _SLAVE_MAPPING_  :  maximum skew before slave mapping is disabled
    SKEW_RATIO

    _SMALL_TABLE_TH  :  lower threshold level of table size for direct reads
    RESHOLD

    _SMM_ADVICE_ENA  :  if TRUE, enable v$pga_advice
    BLED

    _SMM_ADVICE_LOG  :  overwrites default size of the PGA advice workarea
    _SIZE               history log

    _SMM_AUTO_COST_  :  if TRUE, use the AUTO size policy cost functions
    ENABLED

    _SMM_AUTO_MAX_I  :  Maximum IO size (in KB) used by sort/hash-join in auto
    O_SIZE              mode

    _SMM_AUTO_MIN_I  :  Minimum IO size (in KB) used by sort/hash-join in auto
    O_SIZE              mode

    _SMM_BOUND       :  overwrites memory manager automatically computed bound
    _SMM_CONTROL     :  provides controls on the memory manager
    _SMM_FREEABLE_R  :  value in KB of the instance freeable PGA memory to
    ETAIN               retain

    _SMM_ISORT_CAP   :  maximum work area for insertion sort(v1)
    _SMM_MAX_SIZE    :  maximum work area size in auto mode (serial)
    _SMM_MAX_SIZE_S  :  static maximum work area size in auto mode (serial)
    TATIC

    _SMM_MIN_SIZE    :  minimum work area size in auto mode
    _SMM_PX_MAX_SIZ  :  maximum work area size in auto mode (global)
    E

    _SMM_PX_MAX_SIZ  :  static maximum work area size in auto mode (global)
    E_STATIC

    _SMM_RETAIN_SIZ  :  work area retain size in SGA for shared server sessions
    E                   (0 for AUTO)

    _SMM_TRACE       :  Turn on/off tracing for SQL memory manager
    _SMON_INTERNAL_  :  limit of SMON internal errors
    ERRLIMIT

    _SMON_UNDO_SEG_  :  limit of SMON continous undo segments re-scan
    RESCAN_LIMIT

    _SMU_DEBUG_MODE  :  <debug-flag> – set debug event for testing SMU
    operations

    _SMU_ERROR_SIMU  :  site ID of error simulation in KTU code
    LATION_SITE

    _SMU_ERROR_SIMU  :  error type for error simulation in KTU code
    LATION_TYPE

    _SMU_TIMEOUTS    :  comma-separated *AND double-quoted* list of AUM
    timeouts: mql, tur, sess_exprn, qry_exprn, slot_intvl

    _SNAPSHOT_RECOV  :  enable/disable snapshot recovery
    ERY_ENABLED

    _SORT_ELIMINATI  :  cost ratio for sort eimination under first_rows mode
    ON_COST_RATIO

    _SORT_MULTIBLOC  :  multi-block read count for sort
    K_READ_COUNT

    _SORT_SPILL_THR  :  force sort to spill to disk each time this many rows
    ESHOLD              are received

    _SORT_SYNC_MIN_  :  controls the size of mininum run size for synchronized
    SPILLSIZE           spill (in kb)

    _SORT_SYNC_MIN_  :  controls the mininum spill size for synchronized spill
    SPILL_THRESHOLD     (in percent)

    _SPACE_ALIGN_SI  :  space align size
    ZE

    _SPARE_TEST_PAR  :  Spare test parameter
    AMETER

    _SPAWN_DIAG_OPT  :  thread spawn diagnostic options
    S

    _SPAWN_DIAG_THR  :  thread spawn diagnostic minimal threshold in seconds
    ESH_SECS

    _SPIN_COUNT      :  Amount to spin waiting for a latch
    _SPR_MAX_RULES   :  maximum number of rules in sql spreadsheet
    _SPR_PUSH_PRED_  :  push predicates through reference spreadsheet
    REFSPR

    _SPR_USE_AW_AS   :  enable AW for hash table in spreadsheet
    _SPR_USE_HASH_T  :  use hash table for spreadsheet
    ABLE

    _SQLEXEC_PROGRE  :  sql execution progression monitoring cost threshold
    SSION_COST

    _SQLMON_BINDS_X  :  format of column binds_xml in [G]V$SQL_MONITOR
    ML_FORMAT

    _SQLMON_MAX_PLA  :  Maximum number of plans entry that can be monitored.
    N                   Defaults to 20 per CPU

    _SQLMON_MAX_PLA  :  Number of plan lines beyond which a plan cannot be
    NLINES              monitored

    _SQLMON_RECYCLE  :  Minimum time (in s) to wait before a plan entry can be
    _TIME               recycled

    _SQLMON_THRESHO  :  CPU/IO time threshold before a statement is monitored.
    LD                  0 is disabled

    _SQLTUNE_CATEGO  :  Parsed category qualifier for applying hintsets
    RY_PARSED

    _SQL_ANALYZE_EN  :  SQL Analyze Autonomous Transaction control parameter
    ABLE_AUTO_TXN

    _SQL_ANALYZE_PA  :  SQL Analyze Parse Model control parameter
    RSE_MODEL

    _SQL_COMPATIBIL  :  sql compatability bit vector
    ITY

    _SQL_CONNECT_CA  :  SQL Connect Capability Table Override
    PABILITY_OVERRI
    DE

    _SQL_CONNECT_CA  :  SQL Connect Capability Table (testing only)
    PABILITY_TABLE

    _SQL_DIAG_REPO_  :  duarations where sql diag repository are retained
    ORIGIN

    _SQL_DIAG_REPO_  :  retain sql diag repository to cursor or not
    RETAIN

    _SQL_HASH_DEBUG  :  Hash value of the SQL statement to debug
    _SQL_HVSHARE_DE  :  control hash value sharing debug level
    BUG

    _SQL_HVSHARE_TH  :  threshold to control hash value sharing across
    RESHOLD             operators

    _SQL_MODEL_UNFO  :  specifies compile-time unfolding of sql model forloops
    LD_FORLOOPS

    _SQL_NCG_MODE    :  Optimization mode for SQL NCG
    _SQL_PLAN_DIREC  :  controls internal SQL Plan Directive management
    TIVE_MGMT_CONTR     activities
    OL

    _SQL_PLAN_MANAG  :  controls various internal SQL Plan Management
    EMENT_CONTROL       algorithms

    _SQL_SHOW_EXPRE  :  show expression evalution as shared hash producer in
    VAL                 plan

    _SRVNTFN_JOBSUB  :  srvntfn job submit interval
    MIT_INTERVAL

    _SRVNTFN_JOB_DE  :  srvntfn job deq timeout
    Q_TIMEOUT

    _SRVNTFN_MAX_CO  :  srvntfn max concurrent jobs
    NCURRENT_JOBS

    _SRVNTFN_Q_MSGC  :  srvntfn q msg count for job exit
    OUNT

    _SRVNTFN_Q_MSGC  :  srvntfn q msg count increase for job submit
    OUNT_INC

    _SSCR_DIR        :  Session State Capture and Restore DIRectory object
    _SSCR_OSDIR      :  Session State Capture and Restore OS DIRectory
    _STACK_GUARD_LE  :  stack guard level
    VEL

    _STANDBY_CAUSAL  :  readable standby causal heartbeat timeout
    _HEARTBEAT_TIME
    OUT

    _STANDBY_FLUSH_  :  standby flush mode
    MODE

    _STANDBY_IMPLIC  :  minutes to wait for redo during standby implicit
    IT_RCV_TIMEOUT      recovery

    _STANDBY_SWITCH  :  Number of secords for standby switchover enqueue
    OVER_TIMEOUT        timeout

    _STATIC_BACKGRO  :  static backgrounds
    UNDS

    _STATISTICS_BAS  :  enable/disable the use of statistics for storage
    ED_SRF_ENABLED      reduction factor

    _STAT_AGGS_ONE_  :  enable one pass algorithm for variance-related
    PASS_ALGORITHM      functions

    _STA_CONTROL     :  SQL Tuning Advisory control parameter
    _STEP_DOWN_LIMI  :  step down limit in percentage
    T_IN_PCT

    _STREAMS_POOL_M  :  streams pool maximum size when auto SGA enabled
    AX_SIZE

    _SUBQUERY_PRUNI  :  subquery pruning cost factor
    NG_COST_FACTOR

    _SUBQUERY_PRUNI  :  enable the use of subquery predicates to perform
    NG_ENABLED          pruning

    _SUBQUERY_PRUNI  :  enable the use of subquery predicates with MVs to
    NG_MV_ENABLED       perform pruning

    _SUBQUERY_PRUNI  :  subquery pruning reduction factor
    NG_REDUCTION

    _SUPPRESS_IDENT  :  supress owner index name err msg
    IFIERS_ON_DUPKE
    Y

    _SWITCHOVER_TIM  :  Switchover timeout in minutes
    EOUT

    _SWITCHOVER_TO_  :  option for graceful switchover to standby
    STANDBY_OPTION

    _SWITCHOVER_TO_  :  Switchover to standby switches log for open redo
    STANDBY_SWITCH_     threads
    LOG

    _SWITCH_CURRENT  :  switch current uses scan scn
    _SCAN_SCN

    _SWRF_METRIC_FR  :  Enable/disable SWRF Metric Frequent Mode Collection
    EQUENT_MODE

    _SWRF_MMON_DBFU  :  Enable/disable SWRF MMON DB Feature Usage
    S

    _SWRF_MMON_FLUS  :  Enable/disable SWRF MMON FLushing
    H

    _SWRF_MMON_METR  :  Enable/disable SWRF MMON Metrics Collection
    ICS

    _SWRF_ON_DISK_E  :  Parameter to enable/disable SWRF
    NABLED

    _SWRF_TEST_ACTI  :  test action parameter for SWRF
    ON

    _SWRF_TEST_DBFU  :  Enable/disable DB Feature Usage Testing
    S

    _SYNC_PRIMARY_W  :  wait time for alter session sync with primary
    AIT_TIME

    _SYNONYM_REPOIN  :  whether to trace metadata comparisons for synonym
    T_TRACING           repointing

    _SYSAUX_TEST_PA  :  test parameter for SYSAUX
    RAM

    _SYSTEM_API_INT  :  enable debug tracing for system api interception
    ERCEPTION_DEBUG

    _SYSTEM_INDEX_C  :  optimizer percent system index caching
    ACHING

    _SYSTEM_TRIG_EN  :  are system triggers enabled
    ABLED

    _SYS_LOGON_DELA  :  failed logon delay for sys
    Y

    _TABLESPACES_PE  :  estimated number of tablespaces manipulated by each
    R_TRANSACTION       transaction

    _TABLE_LOOKUP_P  :  table lookup prefetch vector size
    REFETCH_SIZE

    _TABLE_LOOKUP_P  :  table lookup prefetch threshold
    REFETCH_THRESH

    _TABLE_SCAN_COS  :  bump estimated full table scan and index ffs cost by
    T_PLUS_ONE          one

    _TARGET_LOG_WRI  :  Do log write if this many redo blocks in buffer
    TE_SIZE             (auto=0)

    _TARGET_LOG_WRI  :  How long LGWR will wait for redo to accumulate (csecs)
    TE_SIZE_TIMEOUT

    _TARGET_RBA_MAX  :  target rba max log lag percentage
    _LAG_PERCENTAGE

    _TA_LNS_WAIT_FO  :  LNS Wait time for arhcived version of online log
    R_ARCH_LOG

    _TDB_DEBUG_MODE  :  set debug mode for testing transportable database
    _TEMP_TRAN_BLOC  :  number of blocks for a dimension before we temp
    K_THRESHOLD         transform

    _TEMP_TRAN_CACH  :  determines if temp table is created with cache option
    E

    _TEMP_UNDO_DISA  :  is temp undo disabled on ADG
    BLE_ADG

    _TENTH_SPARE_PA  :  tenth spare parameter – integer
    RAMETER

    _TEST_HM_EXTENT  :  heatmap related – to be used by oracle dev only
    _MAP

    _TEST_KSUSIGSKI  :  test the function ksusigskip
    P

    _TEST_PARAM_1    :  test parmeter 1 – integer
    _TEST_PARAM_2    :  test parameter 2 – string
    _TEST_PARAM_3    :  test parameter 3 – string
    _TEST_PARAM_4    :  test parameter 4 – string list
    _TEST_PARAM_5    :  test parmeter 5 – deprecated integer
    _TEST_PARAM_6    :  test parmeter 6 – size (ub8)
    _TEST_PARAM_7    :  test parameter 7 – big integer list
    _TEST_PARAM_8    :  test parameter 8 – cdb tests
    _THIRD_SPARE_PA  :  third spare parameter – integer
    RAMETER

    _THIRTEENTH_SPA  :  thirteenth spare parameter – integer
    RE_PARAMETER

    _THREAD_STATE_C  :  Thread state change timeout for PnP instance (in sec)
    HANGE_TIMEOUT_P
    NP

    _THRESHOLD_ALER  :  if 1, issue threshold-based alerts
    TS_ENABLE

    _TIMEMODEL_COLL  :  enable timemodel collection
    ECTION

    _TIMEOUT_ACTION  :  enables or disables KSU timeout actions
    S_ENABLED

    _TIMER_PRECISIO  :  VKTM timer precision in milli-sec
    N

    _TIME_BASED_RCV  :  time-based incremental recovery checkpoint target in
    _CKPT_TARGET        sec

    _TIME_BASED_RCV  :  time-based incremental recovery file header update
    _HDR_UPDATE_INT     interval in sec
    ERVAL

    _TOTAL_LARGE_EX  :  Total memory for allocating large extents
    TENT_MEMORY

    _TQ_DUMP_PERIOD  :  time period for duping of TQ statistics (s)
    _TRACE_BUFFERS   :  trace buffer sizes per process
    _TRACE_BUFFER_W  :  trace buffer busy wait timeouts
    AIT_TIMEOUTS

    _TRACE_DUMP_ALL  :  if TRUE on error buckets of all processes will be
    _PROCS              dumped to the current trace file

    _TRACE_DUMP_CLI  :  if TRUE dump client (ie. non-kst) buckets
    ENT_BUCKETS

    _TRACE_DUMP_CUR  :  if TRUE on error just dump our process bucket
    _PROC_ONLY

    _TRACE_DUMP_STA  :  if TRUE filter trace dumps to always loaded dlls
    TIC_ONLY

    _TRACE_EVENTS    :  trace events enabled at startup
    _TRACE_FILES_PU  :  Create publicly accessible trace files
    BLIC

    _TRACE_KQLIDP    :  trace kqlidp0 operation
    _TRACE_KTFS      :  Trace ILM Stats Tracking
    _TRACE_KTFS_MEM  :  Debug memleak
    _TRACE_NAVIGATI  :  enabling trace navigation linking
    ON_SCOPE

    _TRACE_PIN_TIME  :  trace how long a current pin is held
    _TRACE_POOL_SIZ  :  trace pool size in bytes
    E

    _TRACE_PROCESSE  :  enable KST tracing in process
    S

    _TRACE_TEMP      :  Trace Tempspace Management
    _TRACE_VIRTUAL_  :  trace virtual columns exprs
    COLUMNS

    _TRACK_METRICS_  :  Enable/disable Metrics Memory Tracking
    MEMORY

    _TRANSACTION_AU  :  transaction auditing records generated in the redo log
    DITING

    _TRANSACTION_RE  :  max number of parallel recovery slaves that may be used
    COVERY_SERVERS

    _TRANSIENT_LOGI  :  clear KCCDI2HMRP flag during standby recovery
    CAL_CLEAR_HOLD_
    MRP_BIT

    _TRUNCATE_OPTIM  :  do truncate optimization if set to TRUE
    IZATION_ENABLED

    _TSENC_OBFUSCAT  :  Encryption key obfuscation in memory
    E_KEY

    _TSENC_TRACING   :  Enable TS encryption tracing
    _TSM_CONNECT_ST  :  TSM test connect string
    RING

    _TSM_DISABLE_AU  :  Disable TSM auto cleanup actions
    TO_CLEANUP

    _TSTZ_LOCALTIME  :  Should TTC not convert to LocalTime to preserve
    _BYPASS             Timestamp with Timezone values

    _TTS_ALLOW_CHAR  :  allow plugging in a tablespace with an incompatible
    SET_MISMATCH        character set

    _TWELFTH_SPARE_  :  twelfth spare parameter – integer
    PARAMETER

    _TWENTIETH_SPAR  :  twentieth spare parameter – string
    E_PARAMETER

    _TWENTY-EIGHTH_  :  twenty-eighth spare parameter – boolean
    SPARE_PARAMETER

    _TWENTY-FIFTH_S  :  twenty-fifth spare parameter – string list
    PARE_PARAMETER

    _TWENTY-FIRST_S  :  twenty-first spare parameter – string list
    PARE_PARAMETER

    _TWENTY-FOURTH_  :  twenty-fourth spare parameter – string list
    SPARE_PARAMETER

    _TWENTY-SECOND_  :  twenty-second spare parameter – string list
    SPARE_PARAMETER

    _TWENTY-SEVENTH  :  twenty-seventh spare parameter – boolean
    _SPARE_PARAMETE
    R

    _TWENTY-SIXTH_S  :  twenty-sixth spare parameter – boolean
    PARE_PARAMETER

    _TWENTY-THIRD_S  :  twenty-third spare parameter – string list
    PARE_PARAMETER

    _TWO_PASS        :  enable two-pass thread recovery
    _TWO_PASS_REVER  :  uses two-pass reverse polish alg. to generate canonical
    SE_POLISH_ENABL     forms
    ED

    _TXN_CONTROL_TR  :  size the in-memory buffer size of txn control
    ACE_BUF_SIZE

    _UGA_CGA_LARGE_  :  UGA/CGA large extent size
    EXTENT_SIZE

    _ULTRAFAST_LATC  :  maintain fast-path statistics for ultrafast latches
    H_STATISTICS

    _UNDO_AUTOTUNE   :  enable auto tuning of undo_retention
    _UNDO_BLOCK_COM  :  enable undo block compression
    PRESSION

    _UNDO_DEBUG_MOD  :  debug flag for undo related operations
    E

    _UNDO_DEBUG_USA  :  invoke undo usage functions for testing
    GE

    _UNIFIED_AUDIT_  :  Unified Audit SGA Queue Flush Interval
    FLUSH_INTERVAL

    _UNIFIED_AUDIT_  :  Unified Audit SGA Queue Flush Threshold
    FLUSH_THRESHOLD

    _UNIFIED_AUDIT_  :  Disable Default Unified Audit Policies on DB Create
    POLICY_DISABLED

    _UNION_REWRITE_  :  expand queries with GSets into UNIONs for rewrite
    FOR_GS

    _UNNEST_SUBQUER  :  enables unnesting of complex subqueries
    Y

    _UNUSED_BLOCK_C  :  enable unused block compression
    OMPRESSION

    _UPDATE_DATAFIL  :  user requested update of datafile headers of locally
    E_HEADERS_WITH_     managed datafiles with space information
    SPACE_INFORMATI
    ON

    _UPDDEL_DBA_HAS  :  controls masking of lower order bits in DBA
    H_MASK_BITS

    _USE_ADAPTIVE_L  :  Adaptively switch between post/wait and polling
    OG_FILE_SYNC

    _USE_BEST_FIT    :  use best fit to allocate space
    _USE_COLUMN_STA  :  enable the use of column statistics for DDP functions
    TS_FOR_FUNCTION

    _USE_FIPS_MODE   :  Enable use of crypographic libraries in FIPS mode
    _USE_HIDDEN_PAR  :  use hidden partitions
    TITIONS

    _USE_HYBRID_ENC  :  Enable platform optimized encryption in hybrid mode
    RYPTION_MODE

    _USE_ISM         :  Enable Shared Page Tables – ISM
    _USE_ISM_FOR_PG  :  Use ISM for allocating large extents
    A

    _USE_NOSEGMENT_  :  use nosegment indexes in explain plan
    INDEXES

    _USE_PLATFORM_C  :  Enable platform optimized compression implementation
    OMPRESSION_LIB

    _USE_PLATFORM_E  :  Enable platform optimized encryption implementation
    NCRYPTION_LIB

    _USE_REALFREE_H  :  use real-free based allocator for PGA memory
    EAP

    _USE_SEQ_PROCES  :  whether to use process local seq cache
    S_CACHE

    _USE_SINGLE_LOG  :  Use a single process for redo log writing
    _WRITER

    _USE_VECTOR_POS  :  use vector post
    T

    _USE_ZERO_COPY_  :  Should network vector IO interface be used for data
    IO                  transfer

    _UTLMMIG_TABLE_  :  enable/disable utlmmig table stats gathering at upgrade
    STATS_GATHERING

    _UTS_FIRST_SEGM  :  Should we retain the first trace segment
    ENT_RETAIN

    _UTS_FIRST_SEGM  :  Maximum size (in bytes) of first segments
    ENT_SIZE

    _UTS_TRACE_DISK  :  Trace disk threshold parameter
    _THRESHOLD

    _UTS_TRACE_SEGM  :  Maximum number of trace segments
    ENTS

    _UTS_TRACE_SEGM  :  Maximum size (in bytes) of a trace segment
    ENT_SIZE

    _VALIDATE_FLASH  :  Scan database to validate result of flashback database
    BACK_DATABASE

    _VALIDATE_METRI  :  Enable/disable SGA Metric Structure validation
    C_GROUPS

    _VALIDATE_READM  :  validate redo blocks read from in-memory log buffer
    EM_REDO

    _VENDOR_LIB_LOC  :  Vendor library search root directory
    _VERIFY_FG_LOG_  :  LGWR verifies redo checksums generated by foreground
    CHECKSUM            processes

    _VERIFY_FLASHBA  :  Verify that the redo logs needed for flashback are
    CK_REDO             available

    _VERIFY_UNDO_QU  :  TRUE – verify consistency of undo quota statistics
    OTA

    _VERY_LARGE_OBJ  :  upper threshold level of object size for direct reads
    ECT_THRESHOLD

    _VERY_LARGE_PAR  :  very_large_partitioned_table
    TITIONED_TABLE

    _VIRTUAL_COLUMN  :  overload virtual columns expression
    _OVERLOAD_ALLOW
    ED

    _VKRM_SCHEDULE_  :  VKRM scheduling interval
    INTERVAL

    _VKTM_ASSERT_TH  :  soft assert threshold VKTM timer drift
    RESH

    _WAIT_BREAKUP_T  :  Wait breakup threshold (in centiseconds)
    HRESHOLD_CSECS

    _WAIT_BREAKUP_T  :  Wait breakup time (in centiseconds)
    IME_CSECS

    _WAIT_FOR_SYNC   :  wait for sync on commit MUST BE ALWAYS TRUE
    _WAIT_SAMPLES_M  :  Wait Samples maximum sections
    AX_SECTIONS

    _WAIT_SAMPLES_M  :  Wait Samples maximum time in seconds
    AX_TIME_SECS

    _WAIT_TRACKER_I  :  Wait Tracker number of seconds per interval
    NTERVAL_SECS

    _WAIT_TRACKER_N  :  Wait Tracker number of intervals
    UM_INTERVALS

    _WAIT_YIELD_HP_  :  Wait Yield – High Priority Mode
    MODE

    _WAIT_YIELD_MOD  :  Wait Yield – Mode
    E

    _WAIT_YIELD_SLE  :  Wait Yield – Sleep Frequency
    EP_FREQ

    _WAIT_YIELD_SLE  :  Wait Yield – Sleep Time (in milliseconds)
    EP_TIME_MSECS

    _WAIT_YIELD_YIE  :  Wait Yield – Yield Frequency
    LD_FREQ

    _WALK_INSERT_TH  :  maximum number of unusable blocks to walk across
    RESHOLD             freelist

    _WATCHPOINT_ON   :  is the watchpointing feature turned on?
    _WCR_CONTROL     :  Oracle internal test WCR parameter used ONLY for
    testing!

    _WCR_GRV_CACHE_  :  Oracle internal: Set the replay cache size for
    SIZE                WRR$_REPLAY_DATA.

    _WCR_SEQ_CACHE_  :  Oracle internal: Set the replay cache size for
    SIZE                WRR$_REPLAY_SEQ_DATA.

    _WIDETAB_COMP_E  :  wide table compression enabled
    NABLED

    _WINDOWFUNC_OPT  :  settings for window function optimizations
    IMIZATION_SETTI
    NGS

    _WITH_SUBQUERY   :  WITH subquery transformation
    _WRITE_CLONES    :  write clones flag
    _XA_INTERNAL_RE  :  number of internal retries for xa transactions
    TRIES

    _XDS_MAX_CHILD_  :  Maximum number of XDS user-specific child cursors
    CURSORS

    _XENGEM_DEVNAME  :  override default VM GEM device name used by skgvm
    _XENGEM_DIAGMOD  :  set to OFF to disable VM GEM support and
    E                   functionalities

    _XENGEM_ENABLED  :  Enable OVM GEM support
    _XPL_PEEKED_BIN  :  maximum bytes for logging peeked bind values for
    DS_LOG_SIZE         V$SQL_PLAN (0 = OFF)

    _XPL_TRACE       :  Explain Plan tracing parameter
    _XSOLAPI_AUTO_M  :  OLAP API lower bound for auto materialization.
    ATERIALIZATION_
    BOUND

    _XSOLAPI_AUTO_M  :  OLAP API behavior for auto materialization
    ATERIALIZATION_
    TYPE

    _XSOLAPI_BUILD_  :  OLAP API output build info to trace file
    TRACE

    _XSOLAPI_DEBUG_  :  OLAP API debug output disposition
    OUTPUT

    _XSOLAPI_DENSIF  :  OLAP API cube densification
    Y_CUBES

    _XSOLAPI_DIMENS  :  OLAP API symmetric overfetch
    ION_GROUP_CREAT
    ION

    _XSOLAPI_DML_TR  :  OLAP API output dml commands and expressions to trace
    ACE                 file

    _XSOLAPI_FETCH_  :  OLAP API fetch type
    TYPE

    _XSOLAPI_FIX_VP  :  OLAP API Enable vptr fixing logic in shared server mode
    TRS

    _XSOLAPI_GENERA  :  OLAP API generates WITH clause?
    TE_WITH_CLAUSE

    _XSOLAPI_HIERAR  :  OLAP API hierarchy value type
    CHY_VALUE_TYPE

    _XSOLAPI_LOAD_A  :  When to load OLAP API library at server process start
    T_PROCESS_START

    _XSOLAPI_MATERI  :  OLAP API min number of rows required to use rowcache in
    ALIZATION_ROWCA     query materialization
    CHE_MIN_ROWS_FO
    R_USE

    _XSOLAPI_MATERI  :  OLAP API Enable source materialization
    ALIZE_SOURCES

    _XSOLAPI_METADA  :  OLAP API metadata reader mode
    TA_READER_MODE

    _XSOLAPI_ODBO_M  :  OLAP API uses ODBO mode?
    ODE

    _XSOLAPI_OPTIMI  :  OLAP API optimizes suppressions?
    ZE_SUPPRESSION

    _XSOLAPI_OPT_AW  :  OLAP API enables AW position and count optimization?
    _POSITION

    _XSOLAPI_PRECOM  :  OLAP API precomputes subqueries?
    PUTE_SUBQUERY

    _XSOLAPI_REMOVE  :  OLAP API removes columns for materialization?
    _COLUMNS_FOR_MA
    TERIALIZATION

    _XSOLAPI_SET_NL  :  OLAP API sets NLS?
    S

    _XSOLAPI_SHARE_  :  OLAP API share executors?
    EXECUTORS

    _XSOLAPI_SOURCE  :  OLAP API output Source definitions to trace file
    _TRACE

    _XSOLAPI_SQL_AL  :  OLAP API multi-join non-base hints
    L_MULTI_JOIN_NO
    N_BASE_HINTS

    _XSOLAPI_SQL_AL  :  OLAP API non-base hints
    L_NON_BASE_HINT
    S

    _XSOLAPI_SQL_AU  :  OLAP API enable automatic dimension hints
    TO_DIMENSION_HI
    NTS

    _XSOLAPI_SQL_AU  :  OLAP API enable automatic measure hints
    TO_MEASURE_HINT
    S

    _XSOLAPI_SQL_DI  :  OLAP API dimension hints
    MENSION_HINTS

    _XSOLAPI_SQL_EN  :  OLAP API enables AW join?
    ABLE_AW_JOIN

    _XSOLAPI_SQL_EN  :  OLAP API enables AW QDR merge?
    ABLE_AW_QDR_MER
    GE

    _XSOLAPI_SQL_HI  :  OLAP API generic hints
    NTS

    _XSOLAPI_SQL_ME  :  OLAP API measure hints
    ASURE_HINTS

    _XSOLAPI_SQL_MI  :  OLAP API SQL MINUS threshold
    NUS_THRESHOLD

    _XSOLAPI_SQL_OP  :  OLAP API enable optimization
    TIMIZE

    _XSOLAPI_SQL_PR  :  OLAP API prepare statement cache size
    EPARE_STMT_CACH
    E_SIZE

    _XSOLAPI_SQL_RE  :  OLAP API enable remove unused columns optimizations
    MOVE_COLUMNS

    _XSOLAPI_SQL_RE  :  OLAP API result set cache size
    SULT_SET_CACHE_
    SIZE

    _XSOLAPI_SQL_SY  :  OLAP API enable symmetric predicate for dimension
    MMETRIC_PREDICA     groups
    TE

    _XSOLAPI_SQL_TO  :  OLAP API top dimension hints
    P_DIMENSION_HIN
    TS

    _XSOLAPI_SQL_TO  :  OLAP API top measure hints
    P_MEASURE_HINTS

    _XSOLAPI_SQL_US  :  OLAP API enable bind variables optimization
    E_BIND_VARIABLE
    S

    _XSOLAPI_STRING  :  OLAP API stringifies order levels?
    IFY_ORDER_LEVEL
    S

    _XSOLAPI_SUPPOR  :  OLAP API MTM mapping classes supported?
    T_MTM

    _XSOLAPI_SUPPRE  :  OLAP API suppression AW mask threshold
    SSION_AW_MASK_T
    HRESHOLD

    _XSOLAPI_SUPPRE  :  OLAP API suppression chunk size
    SSION_CHUNK_SIZ
    E

    _XSOLAPI_USE_MO  :  OLAP API uses models?
    DELS

    _XSOLAPI_USE_OL  :  OLAP API uses OLAP DML?
    AP_DML

    _XSOLAPI_USE_OL  :  OLAP API uses OLAP DML for rank?
    AP_DML_FOR_RANK

    _XS_CLEANUP_TAS  :  Triton Session Cleanup
    K

    _XS_DISPATCHER_  :  XS dispatcher only mode
    ONLY

    _XTBUFFER_SIZE   :  buffer size in KB needed for populate/query operation
    _XTTS_ALLOW_PRE  :  allow cross platform for pre10 compatible tablespace
    10

    _XTTS_SET_PLATF  :  set cross platform info during file header read
    ORM_INFO

    _XT_COVERAGE     :  external tables code coverage parameter
    _XT_TRACE        :  external tables trace parameter
    _ZONEMAP_CONTRO  :  control different uses/algorithms related to zonemaps
    L

    _ZONEMAP_STALEN  :  control the staleness tracking of zonemaps via trigger
    ESS_TRACKING

    _ZONEMAP_USE_EN  :  enable the use of zonemaps for IO pruning
    ABLED

    __DATA_TRANSFER  :  Actual size of data transfer cache
    _CACHE_SIZE

    __DB_CACHE_SIZE  :  Actual size of DEFAULT buffer pool for standard block
    size buffers

    __DG_BROKER_SER  :  service names for broker use
    VICE_NAMES

    __JAVA_POOL_SIZ  :  Actual size in bytes of java pool
    E

    __LARGE_POOL_SI  :  Actual size in bytes of large pool
    ZE

    __ORACLE_BASE    :  ORACLE_BASE
    __PGA_AGGREGATE  :  Current target size for the aggregate PGA memory
    _TARGET             consumed

    __SGA_TARGET     :  Actual size of SGA
    __SHARED_IO_POO  :  Actual size of shared IO pool
    L_SIZE

    __SHARED_POOL_S  :  Actual size in bytes of shared pool
    IZE

    __STREAMS_POOL_  :  Actual size in bytes of streams pool
    SIZE

    2984 rows selected.

    References: Oracle Documentation

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