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  • linux中probe函数中传递的参数来源(上)

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    上一篇中,我们追踪了probe函数在何时调用,知道了满足什么条件会调用probe函数,但probe函数中传递的参数我们并不知道在何时定义,到底是谁定义的,反正不是我们在驱动中定义的(当然,驱动中也不会定义设备的详细信息),但也不是在我们设备信息定义时的结构体。这就相当于武林绝学中只打通了任脉,而督脉还没打通,要想成为武林高手还差一步,本文就致力于打通我们设备驱动probe函数的任督二脉,做到正向逆向全顺畅,当任督二脉全都打通后,。。。,就可以独步武林、指点江山啦,再然后按照武林高手成名后既定的流程,该寂寞地隐去了(好像又再做白日梦了),当然了Linux中值得我们要学的多着呢,除了编写内核的那帮家伙们偶尔会寂寞下外,我们还是没有多少时间留给我们寂寞的(^_^)。

             虽然不知道probe函数的参数怎么来的,但没吃过猪肉,还是见过猪跑的,有点关系就能找到出路。经常听说:先注册设备时,内核会将设备信息挂到设备链上,然后等待命中注定的有缘的设备驱动mm or gg。so,我们可以猜想:应该是设备注册的时候,内核将设备信息挂到上面去的,按照这个猜想,我们应该先从设备注册入手,但是这么多函数到底朝哪个方向努力呀?所以,先从传递的参数入手,查看下,等走不通了在去从设备注册入手,起码有了努力的方向了。

    调用probe函数的是:static int really_probe(struct device *dev, struct device_driver*drv),里面有调用ret = dev->bus->probe(dev)和ret =drv->probe(dev)。函数如下:

    static int really_probe(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)

    {

             intret = 0;

    ......

     

             if (dev->bus->probe) {

                       ret = dev->bus->probe(dev);

                       if (ret)

                                goto probe_failed;

             } else if (drv->probe) {

                       ret = drv->probe(dev);

                       if (ret)

                                goto probe_failed;

             }

     

    ......

             returnret;

    }

    这里的参数dev是上一个函数传递进来的,上一个函数为:int driver_probe_device(struct device_driver *drv, struct device*dev)

    int driver_probe_device(structdevice_driver *drv, struct device *dev)

    {

             intret = 0;

      ......

             ret = really_probe(dev, drv);


    ...... 

             returnret;

    }

    这里的dev又是上一个函数传递进来的,上一个函数为:static int __driver_attach(struct device *dev, void *data)

    static int __driver_attach(struct device *dev, void *data)

    {

             structdevice_driver *drv = data;

      ......

             device_lock(dev);

             if(!dev->driver)

                       driver_probe_device(drv, dev);

             device_unlock(dev);

            ......

             return0;

    }

    这里的dev又是上一个函数传递进来的,调用__driver_attach的函数为:int driver_attach(struct device_driver *drv),但本函数没有给__driver_attach传递参数。

    int driver_attach(structdevice_driver *drv)

    {

             returnbus_for_each_dev(drv->bus, NULL, drv,__driver_attach);

    }

             这里面调用了__driver_attach,对应error =fn(dev, data)。第一个参数dev为while ((dev = next_device(&i)) && !error)产生。即dev有i间接产生。

    int bus_for_each_dev(struct bus_type *bus, struct device *start,

                            void *data, int (*fn)(struct device *,void *))

    {

             structklist_iter i;

             structdevice *dev;

             interror = 0;

    ....

     

             klist_iter_init_node(&bus->p->klist_devices, &i,

                                     (start ? &start->p->knode_bus :NULL));

             while ((dev = next_device(&i)) && !error)

                       error = fn(dev, data);

             klist_iter_exit(&i);

             returnerror;

    }

    之所以是next_device(&i),因为第一个节点为头节点,需要从下一个开始,先看看klist_iter_init_node(&bus->p->klist_devices, &i, (start ? &start->p->knode_bus : NULL))对i干了什么?因为start为NULL,故传递的第三个参数n为NULL。

    void klist_iter_init_node(struct klist *k,struct klist_iter *i,

                                  struct klist_node *n)

    {

             i->i_klist= k;

             i->i_cur= n;

             if(n)

                       kref_get(&n->n_ref);

    }

             看来ta没干什么,就是赋了两个值。然后再看最重要的next_device(&i)

    static struct device *next_device(struct klist_iter *i)

    {

             structklist_node *n = klist_next(i);

             structdevice *dev = NULL;

             structdevice_private *p;

     

             if(n) {

                       p = to_device_private_parent(n);

                       dev = p->device;

             }

             returndev;

    }

    #define to_device_private_parent(obj) 

             container_of(obj,struct device_private, knode_parent)

             看到dev由p->device赋值,p为struct device_private,n = i->i_cur为structklist_node 型(后面分析)。为了看懂这个函数,需要补充N多知识,先上几个struct:

    struct klist_iter {

             structklist                 *i_klist;

             structklist_node      *i_cur;

    };

     

    struct klist {

             spinlock_t                  k_lock;

             structlist_head        k_list;

             void                    (*get)(struct klist_node *);

             void                    (*put)(struct klist_node *);

    } __attribute__ ((aligned (sizeof(void*))));

     

    struct klist_node {

             void                    *n_klist;   /* never access directly */

             structlist_head        n_node;

             structkref                  n_ref;

    };

     

    struct kref {

             atomic_trefcount;

    };

     

             其中的klist_iter_init_node(&bus->p->klist_devices, &i,(start ?&start->p->knode_bus : NULL))作用是定义个klist_iter指向此klist,以便以后直接使用,如图:

     

             再把关键的函数拷到此处,以遍分析:

             while ((dev = next_device(&i)) && !error)

                       error = fn(dev, data);

    static struct device *next_device(struct klist_iter *i)

    {

             structklist_node *n = klist_next(i);

             structdevice *dev = NULL;

             structdevice_private *p;

     

             if(n) {

                       p = to_device_private_parent(n);

                       dev = p->device;

             }

             returndev;

    }

     

    /**

     *klist_next - Ante up next node in list.

     *@i: Iterator structure.

     *

     *First grab list lock. Decrement the reference count of the previous

     *node, if there was one. Grab the next node, increment its reference

     *count, drop the lock, and return that next node.

     */

    struct klist_node *klist_next(struct klist_iter *i)

    {

             void(*put)(struct klist_node *) = i->i_klist->put;

             structklist_node *last = i->i_cur;//NULL

             structklist_node *next;

     

             spin_lock(&i->i_klist->k_lock);

     

             if(last) {

                       next= to_klist_node(last->n_node.next);

                       if(!klist_dec_and_del(last))

                                put= NULL;

             }else

                       next= to_klist_node(i->i_klist->k_list.next);

     

             i->i_cur= NULL;

             while(next != to_klist_node(&i->i_klist->k_list)){

                       if(likely(!knode_dead(next))) {

                                kref_get(&next->n_ref);

                                i->i_cur = next;

                                break;

                       }

                       next= to_klist_node(next->n_node.next);

             }

     

             spin_unlock(&i->i_klist->k_lock);

     

             if(put && last)

                       put(last);

             returni->i_cur;

    }

             这里last =i->i_cur;为NULL,然后执行next = to_klist_node(i->i_klist->k_list.next);从这个函数来看,就是取出了包含i->i_klist->k_list.next的n_node指针。不过next所指的和n_node地址偏差一个head指针(list_head包括head和next俩指针)。while循环是从第一个目标to_klist_node(i->i_klist->k_list.next)循环,当再次循环到头节点to_klist_node(&i->i_klist->k_list)时截止(这是个循环链表,总会再次循环回来的)。还一个结束的条件,当循环到knode_dead(next)为真时break,不过,likely说明了next通常不会是dead的,(struct klist_node的第一个成员最后一位做标志dead位,网上还说有指针的作用,我觉得好像做了标志位了就不能做指向头节点的指针了,不过void *n_klist名字起得确实很有迷惑性)。

    static struct klist_node*to_klist_node(struct list_head *n)

    {

             returncontainer_of(n, struct klist_node, n_node);

    }

             还一个i的来源,ta是一切的来源。在klist_iter_init_node(&bus->p->klist_devices,&i,                               (start ? &start->p->knode_bus :NULL))中,       i->i_klist = &bus->p->klist_devices;i->i_cur = NULL;

     

             Klist_iter找到合适的即停止搜索,找到此处的device_private的device,此结构即为传入probe函数的参数。device源于i(i只是暂时用于查找定义的一个临时变量),而i源于bus,bus源于drv->bus,drv源于sdrv->driver,sdrv即为mx25lx_driver,不过mx25lx_driver->driver中的bus,只给赋了一个值,而在后来调用标准的spi函数时,又重新对bus赋了值spi_bus_type,spi_bus_type是spi.c中的struct bus_type定义的全局变量。


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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liang123/p/6325135.html
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