转载于:http://zqc-0101.iteye.com/blog/1140140 MessageFormat用法
MessageFormatMessageFormat.format MessageFormat用来格式化一个消息,通常是一个字符串,比如:
String str = "I'm not a {0}, age is {1,number,short}", height is {2,number,#.#};
而MessageFormat可以格式化这样的消息,然后将格式化后的字符串插入到模式中的适当位置,比如:
将str中的{0}用"pig"替换,{1,number,short}用数字8替换,{2,number,#.#}用数字1.2替换。
那么最终用户得到的是一个格式化好的字符串"I'm not a pig, age is 8, height is 1.2"。
MessageFormat本身与语言环境无关,而与用户提供给MessageFormat的模式和用于已插入参数的子格式模式有关,以生成适用于不同语言环境的消息。
MessageFormat模式(主要部分):
FormatElement: { ArgumentIndex } { ArgumentIndex , FormatType } { ArgumentIndex , FormatType , FormatStyle }
FormatType: number
date
time
choice(需要使用ChoiceFormat)
FormatStyle: short medium long full integer currency percent SubformatPattern(子模式)
还以str为例,在这个字符串中:
1、{0}和{1,number,short}和{2,number,#.#};都属于FormatElement,0,1,2是ArgumentIndex。
2、{1,number,short}里面的number属于FormatType,short则属于FormatStyle。
3、{1,number,#.#}里面的#.#就属于子格式模式。
指定FormatType和FormatStyle是为了生成日期格式的值、不同精度的数字、百分比类型等等。
实例:
1、ArgumentIndex必须是非负整数,它的个数不只限于0到9这10个,它可以用0到9的数字组成,因此可以有好多个,如:
Java代码 String pig = "{0}{1}{2}{3}{4}{5}{6}{7}{8}{9}{10}{11}{12}{13}{14}{15}{16}"; Object[] array = new Object[]{"A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q"}; String value = MessageFormat.format(message, array); System.out.println(value);
String pig = "{0}{1}{2}{3}{4}{5}{6}{7}{8}{9}{10}{11}{12}{13}{14}{15}{16}";
Object[] array = new Object[]{"A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q"};
String value = MessageFormat.format(message, array);
System.out.println(value);最终结果是:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ
2、格式化字符串时,两个单引号才表示一个单引号,单个单引号会被省略,如:
Java代码 String message = "oh, {0} is 'a' pig"; Object[] array = new Object[]{"ZhangSan"}; String value = MessageFormat.format(message, array); System.out.println(value);
String message = "oh, {0} is 'a' pig";
Object[] array = new Object[]{"ZhangSan"};
String value = MessageFormat.format(message, array);
System.out.println(value); 最终结果是:oh, ZhangSan is a pig
给字母a加上单引号,如:
Java代码 String message = "oh, {0} is ''a'' pig"; Object[] array = new Object[]{"ZhangSan"}; String value = MessageFormat.format(message, array); System.out.println(value);
String message = "oh, {0} is ''a'' pig";
Object[] array = new Object[]{"ZhangSan"};
String value = MessageFormat.format(message, array);
System.out.println(value); 最终结果是:oh, ZhangSan is 'a' pig
3、单引号会使某个字符或串保持原形。
所以,假如没有特殊要求,一般都是要在正式格式化之前把单引号都去掉,否则会造成不必要的麻烦,如:
Java代码 String message = "oh, '{0}' is a pig"; Object[] array = new Object[]{"ZhangSan"}; String value = MessageFormat.format(message, array); System.out.println(value);
String message = "oh, '{0}' is a pig";
Object[] array = new Object[]{"ZhangSan"};
String value = MessageFormat.format(message, array);
System.out.println(value); 最终结果是:oh, {0} is 'a' pig,此处ZhangSan无法显示。
又如,使用子格式模式,多了一个单引号:
Java代码 String message = "oh, '{0,number,#.#} is a pig"; Object[] array = new Object[]{new Double(3.1415)}; String value = MessageFormat.format(message, array); System.out.println(value);
String message = "oh, '{0,number,#.#} is a pig";
Object[] array = new Object[]{new Double(3.1415)};
String value = MessageFormat.format(message, array);
System.out.println(value); 最终结果是:oh, {0,number,#.#} is 'a' pig。
如果像下面这样,就可以正确显示:
Java代码 String message = "oh, {0,number,#.#} is a pig"; Object[] array = new Object[]{new Double(3.1415)}; String value = MessageFormat.format(message, array); System.out.println(value);
String message = "oh, {0,number,#.#} is a pig";
Object[] array = new Object[]{new Double(3.1415)};
String value = MessageFormat.format(message, array);
System.out.println(value); 最终结果是:oh, 3.1 is a pig
3、无论是有引号字符串还是无引号字符串,左花括号都是不支持的,但支持右花括号显示,如:
Java代码 String message = "oh, { is a pig"; Object[] array = new Object[]{"ZhangSan"}; String value = MessageFormat.format(message, array); System.out.println(value);
String message = "oh, { is a pig";
Object[] array = new Object[]{"ZhangSan"};
String value = MessageFormat.format(message, array);
System.out.println(value); 最终结果是:异常java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unmatched braces in the pattern
右花括号可以显示,如:
Java代码 String message = "oh, } is a pig"; Object[] array = new Object[]{"ZhangSan"}; String value = MessageFormat.format(message, array); System.out.println(value);
String message = "oh, } is a pig";
Object[] array = new Object[]{"ZhangSan"};
String value = MessageFormat.format(message, array);
System.out.println(value); 最终结果是:oh, } is a pig
关于MessageFormat.format方法:
每调用一次MessageFormat.format方法,都会新创建MessageFormat的一个实例,相当于MessageFormat只使用了一次。MessageFormat类的format方法如下:
Java代码 public static String format(String pattern, Object ... arguments) { MessageFormat temp = new MessageFormat(pattern); return temp.format(arguments); }
public static String format(String pattern, Object ... arguments) { MessageFormat temp = new MessageFormat(pattern); return temp.format(arguments); }
如果要重复使用某个MessageFormat实例,可以用如下方式:
Java代码 String message = "oh, {0} is a pig"; MessageFormat messageFormat = new MessageFormat(message); Object[] array = new Object[]{"ZhangSan"}; String value = messageFormat.format(array); System.out.println(value);
String message = "oh, {0} is a pig";
MessageFormat messageFormat = new MessageFormat(message);
Object[] array = new Object[]{"ZhangSan"};
String value = messageFormat.format(array);
System.out.println(value); 最终结果是:oh, ZhangSan is a pig