用户自定义函数可以像系统函数一样在查询或存储过程中调用,可以接受参数、执行操作并将操作结果以值的形式返回。返回值可以是单个标量或结果集。
1. 标量函数
标量函数返回一个确定类型的标量值,对于多语句的标量函数,定义在BEGIN END块中的函数体包含一系列返回单个值的T-SQL语句。
创建标量函数语法结构:
CREATE FUNCTION [ schema_name. ] function_name ( [ { @parameter_name [ AS ][ type_schema_name. ] parameter_data_type [ = default ] [ READONLY ] } [ ,...n ] ] ) RETURNS return_data_type [ WITH <function_option> [ ,...n ] ] [ AS ] BEGIN function_body RETURN scalar_expression END [ ; ]
示例:
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[FN_GetProductNameByProductID] ( @ProductID INT ) RETURNS VARCHAR(50) AS BEGIN DECLARE @ProductName VARCHAR(50) SELECT @ProductName = [ProductName] FROM [dbo].[Product] WHERE [ProductID] = @ProductID RETURN @ProductName END
SELECT [dbo].[FN_GetProductNameByProductID](1) -- SELECT dbo.FN_GetProductNameByProductID(1)
2. 表值函数
表值函数是返回数据类型为table的函数,返回的表值是单个SELECT语句查询的结果。
创建表值函数语法结构:
CREATE FUNCTION [ schema_name. ] function_name ( [ { @parameter_name [ AS ] [ type_schema_name. ] parameter_data_type [ = default ] [ READONLY ] } [ ,...n ] ] ) RETURNS TABLE [ WITH <function_option> [ ,...n ] ] [ AS ] RETURN [ ( ] select_stmt [ ) ] [ ; ]
示例:
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[FN_GetProductsByCategoryID] ( @CategoryID INT ) RETURNS TABLE AS RETURN ( SELECT [ProductID],[ProductName],[UnitPrice],[UnitsInStock],[CreateDate] FROM [dbo].[Product] WHERE [CategoryID] = @CategoryID )
SELECT * FROM [dbo].[FN_GetProductsByCategoryID](1)
3. 多语句表值函数
多语句表值函数可以看作标量型函数和表值函数的结合体。该函数的返回值是一个表,但它和标量值自定义函数用于,有一个用BEGIN END包含起来的函数体。返回值的表中数据是由函数体中的语句插入的。多语句表值函数可以进行多次查询,对数据进行多次筛选与合并,弥补了表值自定义函数的不足。
多语句表值函数语法结构:
CREATE FUNCTION [ schema_name. ] function_name ( [ { @parameter_name [ AS ] [ type_schema_name. ] parameter_data_type [ = default ] [READONLY] } [ ,...n ] ] ) RETURNS @return_variable TABLE <table_type_definition> [ WITH <function_option> [ ,...n ] ] [ AS ] BEGIN function_body RETURN END [ ; ]
示例:
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[UFN_GetAllChildren] ( @CategoryID INT ) RETURNS @Result TABLE ( [CategoryID] INT NOT NULL, [CategoryName] VARCHAR(50) NULL, [ParentID] int NULL, [Level] int NULL ) AS BEGIN WITH CTE AS ( SELECT [CategoryID],[CategoryName],[ParentID],0 AS [Level] FROM [dbo].[Category] WHERE [CategoryID] = 2 UNION ALL SELECT [dbo].[Category].[CategoryID],[dbo].[Category].[CategoryName],[dbo].[Category].[ParentID],[Level] + 1 FROM CTE INNER JOIN [dbo].[Category] ON CTE.[CategoryID] = [dbo].[Category].[ParentID] ) INSERT INTO @Result([CategoryID],[CategoryName],[ParentID],[Level]) SELECT [CategoryID],[CategoryName],[ParentID],[Level] FROM CTE RETURN END
SELECT * FROM [dbo].[UFN_GetAllChildren](2)
4. 删除函数
DROP FUNCTION { [ schema_name. ] function_name } [ ,...n ]
DROP FUNCTION [dbo].[FN_GetAllChildren]