Identity用户管理入门一（框架搭建）

理论知识微软官方文档最完整，最详细，这里只一步步的介绍如何使用，地址：https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/aspnet/core/security/authentication/?view=aspnetcore-3.1

一、新建Mvc项目

二、加入EF依赖

浏览输入entityframeworkcore安装以下三项

Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore

Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer

Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools

三、加入Identity依赖

同样方式将Identity依赖包加入

Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity

Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore

Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.UI

四、创建DbContext

Models目录下创建ApplicationDbContext.cs类，代码如下，注意需要继承自IdentityDbContext

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

namespace Shop.Models
{
    public class ApplicationDbContext:IdentityDbContext
    {
        public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options)
            : base(options)
        {
        }
    }
}

五、修改Startup增加DbContext服务，

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddControllersWithViews();
            services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
                options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("Default")));

            services.AddDefaultIdentity<IdentityUser>(options => options.SignIn.RequireConfirmedAccount = true)
                .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>();
        }

六、增加Migrations并更新数据库，这里是从新建项目增加验证中复制过来的

00000000000000_CreateIdentitySchema.cs

using System;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;

namespace WebApplication1.Data.Migrations
{
    public partial class CreateIdentitySchema : Migration
    {
        protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
        {
            migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
                name: "AspNetRoles",
                columns: table => new
                {
                    Id = table.Column<string>(nullable: false),
                    Name = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 256, nullable: true),
                    NormalizedName = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 256, nullable: true),
                    ConcurrencyStamp = table.Column<string>(nullable: true)
                },
                constraints: table =>
                {
                    table.PrimaryKey("PK_AspNetRoles", x => x.Id);
                });

            migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
                name: "AspNetUsers",
                columns: table => new
                {
                    Id = table.Column<string>(nullable: false),
                    UserName = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 256, nullable: true),
                    NormalizedUserName = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 256, nullable: true),
                    Email = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 256, nullable: true),
                    NormalizedEmail = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 256, nullable: true),
                    EmailConfirmed = table.Column<bool>(nullable: false),
                    PasswordHash = table.Column<string>(nullable: true),
                    SecurityStamp = table.Column<string>(nullable: true),
                    ConcurrencyStamp = table.Column<string>(nullable: true),
                    PhoneNumber = table.Column<string>(nullable: true),
                    PhoneNumberConfirmed = table.Column<bool>(nullable: false),
                    TwoFactorEnabled = table.Column<bool>(nullable: false),
                    LockoutEnd = table.Column<DateTimeOffset>(nullable: true),
                    LockoutEnabled = table.Column<bool>(nullable: false),
                    AccessFailedCount = table.Column<int>(nullable: false)
                },
                constraints: table =>
                {
                    table.PrimaryKey("PK_AspNetUsers", x => x.Id);
                });

            migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
                name: "AspNetRoleClaims",
                columns: table => new
                {
                    Id = table.Column<int>(nullable: false)
                        .Annotation("SqlServer:ValueGenerationStrategy", SqlServerValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityColumn),
                    RoleId = table.Column<string>(nullable: false),
                    ClaimType = table.Column<string>(nullable: true),
                    ClaimValue = table.Column<string>(nullable: true)
                },
                constraints: table =>
                {
                    table.PrimaryKey("PK_AspNetRoleClaims", x => x.Id);
                    table.ForeignKey(
                        name: "FK_AspNetRoleClaims_AspNetRoles_RoleId",
                        column: x => x.RoleId,
                        principalTable: "AspNetRoles",
                        principalColumn: "Id",
                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
                });

            migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
                name: "AspNetUserClaims",
                columns: table => new
                {
                    Id = table.Column<int>(nullable: false)
                        .Annotation("SqlServer:ValueGenerationStrategy", SqlServerValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityColumn),
                    UserId = table.Column<string>(nullable: false),
                    ClaimType = table.Column<string>(nullable: true),
                    ClaimValue = table.Column<string>(nullable: true)
                },
                constraints: table =>
                {
                    table.PrimaryKey("PK_AspNetUserClaims", x => x.Id);
                    table.ForeignKey(
                        name: "FK_AspNetUserClaims_AspNetUsers_UserId",
                        column: x => x.UserId,
                        principalTable: "AspNetUsers",
                        principalColumn: "Id",
                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
                });

            migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
                name: "AspNetUserLogins",
                columns: table => new
                {
                    LoginProvider = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 128, nullable: false),
                    ProviderKey = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 128, nullable: false),
                    ProviderDisplayName = table.Column<string>(nullable: true),
                    UserId = table.Column<string>(nullable: false)
                },
                constraints: table =>
                {
                    table.PrimaryKey("PK_AspNetUserLogins", x => new { x.LoginProvider, x.ProviderKey });
                    table.ForeignKey(
                        name: "FK_AspNetUserLogins_AspNetUsers_UserId",
                        column: x => x.UserId,
                        principalTable: "AspNetUsers",
                        principalColumn: "Id",
                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
                });

            migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
                name: "AspNetUserRoles",
                columns: table => new
                {
                    UserId = table.Column<string>(nullable: false),
                    RoleId = table.Column<string>(nullable: false)
                },
                constraints: table =>
                {
                    table.PrimaryKey("PK_AspNetUserRoles", x => new { x.UserId, x.RoleId });
                    table.ForeignKey(
                        name: "FK_AspNetUserRoles_AspNetRoles_RoleId",
                        column: x => x.RoleId,
                        principalTable: "AspNetRoles",
                        principalColumn: "Id",
                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
                    table.ForeignKey(
                        name: "FK_AspNetUserRoles_AspNetUsers_UserId",
                        column: x => x.UserId,
                        principalTable: "AspNetUsers",
                        principalColumn: "Id",
                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
                });

            migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
                name: "AspNetUserTokens",
                columns: table => new
                {
                    UserId = table.Column<string>(nullable: false),
                    LoginProvider = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 128, nullable: false),
                    Name = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 128, nullable: false),
                    Value = table.Column<string>(nullable: true)
                },
                constraints: table =>
                {
                    table.PrimaryKey("PK_AspNetUserTokens", x => new { x.UserId, x.LoginProvider, x.Name });
                    table.ForeignKey(
                        name: "FK_AspNetUserTokens_AspNetUsers_UserId",
                        column: x => x.UserId,
                        principalTable: "AspNetUsers",
                        principalColumn: "Id",
                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
                });

            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
                name: "IX_AspNetRoleClaims_RoleId",
                table: "AspNetRoleClaims",
                column: "RoleId");

            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
                name: "RoleNameIndex",
                table: "AspNetRoles",
                column: "NormalizedName",
                unique: true,
                filter: "[NormalizedName] IS NOT NULL");

            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
                name: "IX_AspNetUserClaims_UserId",
                table: "AspNetUserClaims",
                column: "UserId");

            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
                name: "IX_AspNetUserLogins_UserId",
                table: "AspNetUserLogins",
                column: "UserId");

            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
                name: "IX_AspNetUserRoles_RoleId",
                table: "AspNetUserRoles",
                column: "RoleId");

            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
                name: "EmailIndex",
                table: "AspNetUsers",
                column: "NormalizedEmail");

            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
                name: "UserNameIndex",
                table: "AspNetUsers",
                column: "NormalizedUserName",
                unique: true,
                filter: "[NormalizedUserName] IS NOT NULL");
        }

        protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
        {
            migrationBuilder.DropTable(
                name: "AspNetRoleClaims");

            migrationBuilder.DropTable(
                name: "AspNetUserClaims");

            migrationBuilder.DropTable(
                name: "AspNetUserLogins");

            migrationBuilder.DropTable(
                name: "AspNetUserRoles");

            migrationBuilder.DropTable(
                name: "AspNetUserTokens");

            migrationBuilder.DropTable(
                name: "AspNetRoles");

            migrationBuilder.DropTable(
                name: "AspNetUsers");
        }
    }
}

ApplicationDbContextModelSnapshot.cs

// <auto-generated />
using System;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage.ValueConversion;
using Shop.Models;

namespace WebApplication1.Data.Migrations
{
    [DbContext(typeof(ApplicationDbContext))]
    partial class ApplicationDbContextModelSnapshot : ModelSnapshot
    {
        protected override void BuildModel(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
#pragma warning disable 612, 618
            modelBuilder
                .HasAnnotation("ProductVersion", "3.0.0")
                .HasAnnotation("Relational:MaxIdentifierLength", 128)
                .HasAnnotation("SqlServer:ValueGenerationStrategy", SqlServerValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityColumn);

            modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityRole", b =>
                {
                    b.Property<string>("Id")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(450)");

                    b.Property<string>("ConcurrencyStamp")
                        .IsConcurrencyToken()
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)");

                    b.Property<string>("Name")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(256)")
                        .HasMaxLength(256);

                    b.Property<string>("NormalizedName")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(256)")
                        .HasMaxLength(256);

                    b.HasKey("Id");

                    b.HasIndex("NormalizedName")
                        .IsUnique()
                        .HasName("RoleNameIndex")
                        .HasFilter("[NormalizedName] IS NOT NULL");

                    b.ToTable("AspNetRoles");
                });

            modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityRoleClaim<string>", b =>
                {
                    b.Property<int>("Id")
                        .ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
                        .HasColumnType("int")
                        .HasAnnotation("SqlServer:ValueGenerationStrategy", SqlServerValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityColumn);

                    b.Property<string>("ClaimType")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)");

                    b.Property<string>("ClaimValue")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)");

                    b.Property<string>("RoleId")
                        .IsRequired()
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(450)");

                    b.HasKey("Id");

                    b.HasIndex("RoleId");

                    b.ToTable("AspNetRoleClaims");
                });

            modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUser", b =>
                {
                    b.Property<string>("Id")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(450)");

                    b.Property<int>("AccessFailedCount")
                        .HasColumnType("int");

                    b.Property<string>("ConcurrencyStamp")
                        .IsConcurrencyToken()
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)");

                    b.Property<string>("Email")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(256)")
                        .HasMaxLength(256);

                    b.Property<bool>("EmailConfirmed")
                        .HasColumnType("bit");

                    b.Property<bool>("LockoutEnabled")
                        .HasColumnType("bit");

                    b.Property<DateTimeOffset?>("LockoutEnd")
                        .HasColumnType("datetimeoffset");

                    b.Property<string>("NormalizedEmail")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(256)")
                        .HasMaxLength(256);

                    b.Property<string>("NormalizedUserName")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(256)")
                        .HasMaxLength(256);

                    b.Property<string>("PasswordHash")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)");

                    b.Property<string>("PhoneNumber")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)");

                    b.Property<bool>("PhoneNumberConfirmed")
                        .HasColumnType("bit");

                    b.Property<string>("SecurityStamp")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)");

                    b.Property<bool>("TwoFactorEnabled")
                        .HasColumnType("bit");

                    b.Property<string>("UserName")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(256)")
                        .HasMaxLength(256);

                    b.HasKey("Id");

                    b.HasIndex("NormalizedEmail")
                        .HasName("EmailIndex");

                    b.HasIndex("NormalizedUserName")
                        .IsUnique()
                        .HasName("UserNameIndex")
                        .HasFilter("[NormalizedUserName] IS NOT NULL");

                    b.ToTable("AspNetUsers");
                });

            modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserClaim<string>", b =>
                {
                    b.Property<int>("Id")
                        .ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
                        .HasColumnType("int")
                        .HasAnnotation("SqlServer:ValueGenerationStrategy", SqlServerValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityColumn);

                    b.Property<string>("ClaimType")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)");

                    b.Property<string>("ClaimValue")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)");

                    b.Property<string>("UserId")
                        .IsRequired()
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(450)");

                    b.HasKey("Id");

                    b.HasIndex("UserId");

                    b.ToTable("AspNetUserClaims");
                });

            modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserLogin<string>", b =>
                {
                    b.Property<string>("LoginProvider")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(128)")
                        .HasMaxLength(128);

                    b.Property<string>("ProviderKey")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(128)")
                        .HasMaxLength(128);

                    b.Property<string>("ProviderDisplayName")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)");

                    b.Property<string>("UserId")
                        .IsRequired()
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(450)");

                    b.HasKey("LoginProvider", "ProviderKey");

                    b.HasIndex("UserId");

                    b.ToTable("AspNetUserLogins");
                });

            modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserRole<string>", b =>
                {
                    b.Property<string>("UserId")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(450)");

                    b.Property<string>("RoleId")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(450)");

                    b.HasKey("UserId", "RoleId");

                    b.HasIndex("RoleId");

                    b.ToTable("AspNetUserRoles");
                });

            modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserToken<string>", b =>
                {
                    b.Property<string>("UserId")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(450)");

                    b.Property<string>("LoginProvider")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(128)")
                        .HasMaxLength(128);

                    b.Property<string>("Name")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(128)")
                        .HasMaxLength(128);

                    b.Property<string>("Value")
                        .HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)");

                    b.HasKey("UserId", "LoginProvider", "Name");

                    b.ToTable("AspNetUserTokens");
                });

            modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityRoleClaim<string>", b =>
                {
                    b.HasOne("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityRole", null)
                        .WithMany()
                        .HasForeignKey("RoleId")
                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
                        .IsRequired();
                });

            modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserClaim<string>", b =>
                {
                    b.HasOne("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUser", null)
                        .WithMany()
                        .HasForeignKey("UserId")
                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
                        .IsRequired();
                });

            modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserLogin<string>", b =>
                {
                    b.HasOne("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUser", null)
                        .WithMany()
                        .HasForeignKey("UserId")
                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
                        .IsRequired();
                });

            modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserRole<string>", b =>
                {
                    b.HasOne("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityRole", null)
                        .WithMany()
                        .HasForeignKey("RoleId")
                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
                        .IsRequired();

                    b.HasOne("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUser", null)
                        .WithMany()
                        .HasForeignKey("UserId")
                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
                        .IsRequired();
                });

            modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserToken<string>", b =>
                {
                    b.HasOne("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUser", null)
                        .WithMany()
                        .HasForeignKey("UserId")
                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
                        .IsRequired();
                });
#pragma warning restore 612, 618
        }
    }
}

PM> update-database
Build started...
Build succeeded.
Done.

复制到本项目后直接更新数据库，目前项目框架已经搭建好，数据库表如下