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  • springCloud的使用08-----服务链路追踪(sleuth+zipkin)

    sleuth主要功能是在分布式系统中提供追踪解决方案,并且兼容支持了zipkin(提供了链路追踪的可视化功能)

    zipkin原理:在服务调用的请求和响应中加入ID,表明上下游请求的关系。

        利用这些信息,可以可视化地分析服务调用链路和服务间的依赖关系。

    sleuth是对zipkin的封装,对应Span,Trace等信息的生成、接入http request,以及向Zipkin server发送采集信息等全部自动化完成。

    目前主流的链路追踪组件有:google的Dapper,Twitter的zipkin和阿里的Eagleeye(鹰眼)。

    1. 搭建zipkin服务器

      1.1 创建springboot项目,引入相应的jar依赖(其他依赖参考前面的教材)

    <!-- 引入zipkin-server -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
        <artifactId>zipkin-server</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- 引入zipkin-server 图形化界面 --> <dependency> <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId> <artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-ui</artifactId> </dependency>

      1.2 添加配置文件

    server: 
     port: 8769
    spring: 
     application: 
      name: zipkin-server
    eureka: 
     client: 
      serviceUrl: 
       defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ #注册服务器地址
    management: 
     security: 
      enabled: false #关闭验证
    info: #/info请求的显示信息
     app: 
      name: ${spring.application.name}
      version: 1.0.0
     build: 
      artifactId: @project.artifactId@
      version: @project.version@
        

      1.3 在启动类中声明为zipkin服务器

    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    @EnableZipkinServer  //zipkin服务器 默认使用http进行通信
    public class ZipkinServerApp {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(ZipkinServerApp.class, args);
        }
    }

      1.4 启动查看效果

        

    2  分别在cloud-consumer-ribbon和cloud-consumer-feign中引入zipkin

      2.1 引入zipkin依赖

    <!-- 配置服务链路追踪 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
    </dependency>

       或

    <!-- 配置服务链路追踪 -->
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>  
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-sleuth-zipkin</artifactId>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>  
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-sleuth</artifactId>  
    </dependency> 

      2.2 在配置文件中声明zipkin服务器的地址

    spring:
     zipkin: 
      base-url: http://localhost:8769

      2.3 在项目中调用需要的服务

    @RequestMapping("hello")
    public String helloConsumer() {
            //使用restTemplate调用消费服务提供者的SERVICE-HI的info服务
            //String response=restTemplate.getForObject("http://cloud-consumer-feign/hi", String.class);
            String response=hiService.sayHello()+" ribbon";
            logger.info(response);
            return response;
    }
    

       2.4 启动项目查看

        

        

        

      有时候可能在zipkin服务器中看不到数据,那是因为默认sleuth收集信息的比率是0.1 ,针对于这个问题有两种解决方法:

        a 在配置文件中配置 spring.sleuth.sampler.percentage=1

        b 在代码中声明

    //100%的来采集日志,和在配置文件中配置spring.sleuth.sampler.percentage=1是一样的
    @Bean
    public AlwaysSampler defaultSampler(){
      return new AlwaysSampler();
    }

      但这样每个请求都会向zipkin server发送http请求,通信效率低,造成网络延迟。

      而且所用的追踪信息都在内存中保存,重启zipkin server后信息丢失

      针对以上的问题的解决方法:

        a 采用socket或高效率的通信方式

        b 采用异步方式发送信息数据

        c 在客户端和zipkin之间增加缓存类的中间件,如redis,mq等,即时zipkin server重启过程中,客户端依然可以将数据发送成功

    3 将http通信改为mq异步通信方式

      3.1 修改zipkin server

        3.1.1 将原来的依赖io.zipkin.java:zipkin-server换成spring-cloud-sleuth-zipkin-stream和spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit  

    <!-- 引入zipkin-server -->
    <!-- <dependency>
        <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
        <artifactId>zipkin-server</artifactId>
    </dependency> -->
    
    <!-- 将http请求修改为mq请求 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-sleuth-zipkin-stream</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
        <artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-ui</artifactId>
    </dependency>

        3.1.2 在配置文件中配置ribbitmq地址

    spring: 
     application: 
      name: zipkin-server
     rabbitmq: #配置mq消息队列
      host: localhost 
      port: 5672 
      username: guest 
      password: guest

        3.1.3 在启动类中使用@EnableZipkinStreamServer替换@EnableZipkinServer

    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    //@EnableZipkinServer  //zipkin服务器 默认使用http进行通信
    @EnableZipkinStreamServer //采用stream方式启动zipkin server ,也支持http通信 包含了@EnableZipkinServer,同时创建了rabbit-mq消息队列监听器
    public class ZipkinServerApp {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(ZipkinServerApp.class, args);
        }
    }

      3.2 配置客户端(这里只配置一个客户端,其他的客户端配置一样配置即可)

        3.2.1 将原来的spring-cloud-starter-zipkin依赖,使用以下依赖进行替换

    <!-- 配置服务链路追踪 -->
    <!-- <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
    </dependency> -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-sleuth-zipkin-stream</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-sleuth</artifactId>
    </dependency>

        3.2.2 在配置文件中加入ribbitmq的配置

    spring: 
     rabbitmq: #配置mq消息队列
      host: localhost 
      port: 5672 
      username: guest 
      password: guest

      3.3 现在启动其他项目,不启动zipkin server,进行项目访问,会把追踪信息放入到ribbitmq中,当zipkin server启动后会直接冲zipkin server中获取信息

         

          

    4 将追踪信息保存到数据库(只需修改zipkin server即可)

      4.1 引入mysql数据库依赖

    <!-- 配置mysql -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
    </dependency>

      4.2 在配置文件msql连接

    spring: 
     sleuth: 
      enabled: false #表示当前程序不使用sleuth
     datasource: #配置msyql 连接
      schema[0]: classpath:/zipkin.sql #数据库创建脚本,可以到官网下载
      url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/zipkin?autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useSSL=false  
      username: root
      password: root
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver 
      initialize: true
      continue-on-error: true
    zipkin: 
     storage: 
      type: mysql #mysql存储zipkin追踪信息

      4.3 创建数据库和表

        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_spans (  
          `trace_id_high` BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit',  
          `trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL,  
          `id` BIGINT NOT NULL,  
          `name` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,  
          `parent_id` BIGINT,  
          `debug` BIT(1),  
          `start_ts` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.timestamp(): epoch micros used for endTs query and to implement TTL',  
          `duration` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.duration(): micros used for minDuration and maxDuration query'  
        ) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;  
          
        ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD UNIQUE KEY(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `id`) COMMENT 'ignore insert on duplicate';  
        ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `id`) COMMENT 'for joining with zipkin_annotations';  
        ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`) COMMENT 'for getTracesByIds';  
        ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getSpanNames';  
        ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`start_ts`) COMMENT 'for getTraces ordering and range';  
          
        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_annotations (  
          `trace_id_high` BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit',  
          `trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.trace_id',  
          `span_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.id',  
          `a_key` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.key or Annotation.value if type == -1',  
          `a_value` BLOB COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.value(), which must be smaller than 64KB',  
          `a_type` INT NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.type() or -1 if Annotation',  
          `a_timestamp` BIGINT COMMENT 'Used to implement TTL; Annotation.timestamp or zipkin_spans.timestamp',  
          `endpoint_ipv4` INT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',  
          `endpoint_ipv6` BINARY(16) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null, or no IPv6 address',  
          `endpoint_port` SMALLINT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',  
          `endpoint_service_name` VARCHAR(255) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null'  
        ) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;  
          
        ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD UNIQUE KEY(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `span_id`, `a_key`, `a_timestamp`) COMMENT 'Ignore insert on duplicate';  
        ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `span_id`) COMMENT 'for joining with zipkin_spans';  
        ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`) COMMENT 'for getTraces/ByIds';  
        ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`endpoint_service_name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getServiceNames';  
        ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`a_type`) COMMENT 'for getTraces';  
        ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`a_key`) COMMENT 'for getTraces';  
        ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id`, `span_id`, `a_key`) COMMENT 'for dependencies job';  
          
        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_dependencies (  
          `day` DATE NOT NULL,  
          `parent` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,  
          `child` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,  
          `call_count` BIGINT  
        ) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;  
          
        ALTER TABLE zipkin_dependencies ADD UNIQUE KEY(`day`, `parent`, `child`);  
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lifeone/p/9040336.html
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