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  • redhat6.7环境下oracle11gR2 RAC静默安装

    (一)基础环境

    虚拟机环境 :vmware workstation 12

    操作系统    : redhat6.7 - 64bit

    数据库版本 :11.2.0.4

    (二)安装前的环境准备

    (2.1)配置/etc/hosts文件,2个节点都要修改

    [oracle@standbydb1 bin]$vim /etc/hosts
    # 添加2个节点的IP信息
    192.168.10.41    standbydb1
    192.168.10.42    standbydb2
    192.168.10.43    standbydb1-vip
    192.168.10.44    standbydb2-vip
    192.168.10.40    standbydb-scan
    
    10.10.10.41       standbydb1-priv
    10.10.10.42       standbydb2-priv

    (2.2)操作系统参数修改,2个节点都要修改

    (2.2.1)修改/etc/sysctl.conf

    [root@standbydb1 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf 
    # 在末尾添加
     
    kernel.msgmnb = 65536 
    kernel.msgmax = 65536 
    kernel.shmmax = 68719476736 
    kernel.shmall = 4294967296 
    fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 
    fs.file-max = 6815744 
    kernel.shmall = 2097152 
    kernel.shmmax = 1306910720 
    kernel.shmmni = 4096 
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 
    net.core.rmem_default = 262144 
    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 
    net.core.wmem_default = 262144 
    net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 
    net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144 
    net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304

    内核参数执行命令sysctl -p生效。

    (2.2.2)修改/etc/security/limits.conf

    [root@standbydb1 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf 
    # 在末尾添加
     
    grid soft nproc 2047 
    grid hard nproc 16384 
    grid soft nofile 1024 
    grid hard nofile 65536 
    oracle soft nproc 2047 
    oracle hard nproc 16384 
    oracle soft nofile 1024 
    oracle hard nofile 65536

    (2.2.3)修改/etc/pam.d/login

    [root@standbydb1 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
    # 在文件末尾添加 session required pam_limits.so

    (2.3)配置共享存储
    (2.3.1)分区、格式化磁盘,在一个节点上执行即可

    # 在节点1上格式化,以/dev/sdb为例:
    
    [root@standbydb1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
    
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 3824.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-3824, default 1): 
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-3824, default 3824): 
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.

    (2.3.2)在2个节点上添加裸设备,2个节点都要执行

    [root@standbydb1 ~]# vi /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules
     # 在后面添加
    
    ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
    ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdc1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %N"
    ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdd1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw3 %N"
    ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sde1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw4 %N"
    ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdf1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw5 %N"
    ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdg1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw6 %N"
    ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdh1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw7 %N"
    
    
    KERNEL=="raw[1]", MODE="0660", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin"
    KERNEL=="raw[2]", MODE="0660", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin"
    KERNEL=="raw[3]", MODE="0660", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin"
    KERNEL=="raw[4]", MODE="0660", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin"
    KERNEL=="raw[5]", MODE="0660", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin"
    KERNEL=="raw[6]", MODE="0660", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin"
    KERNEL=="raw[7]", MODE="0660", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin"

    启动裸设备,2个节点都执行

    [root@standbydb1 ~]# start_udev

    检查裸设备,2个节点都要查看,如果看不到设备信息,重启节点即可

    [root@standbydb1 ~]# raw -qa
    /dev/raw/raw1:    bound to major 8, minor 17
    /dev/raw/raw2:    bound to major 8, minor 33
    /dev/raw/raw3:    bound to major 8, minor 49
    /dev/raw/raw4:    bound to major 8, minor 65
    /dev/raw/raw5:    bound to major 8, minor 81
    /dev/raw/raw6:    bound to major 8, minor 97
    /dev/raw/raw7:    bound to major 8, minor 113

    (2.4)安装依赖包,2个节点都执行

    yum install -y binutils-*
    yum install -y compat-libstdc++-*
    yum install -y elfutils-libelf-*
    yum install -y elfutils-libelf-*
    yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel-static-*
    yum install -y gcc-*
    yum install -y gcc-c++-*
    yum install -y glibc-*
    yum install -y glibc-common-*
    yum install -y glibc-devel-*
    yum install -y glibc-headers-*
    yum install -y kernel-headers-*
    yum install -y ksh-*
    yum install -y libaio-*
    yum install -y libaio-devel-*
    yum install -y libgcc-*
    yum install -y libgomp-*
    yum install -y libstdc++-*
    yum install -y libstdc++-devel-*
    yum install -y make-*
    yum install -y sysstat-*
    yum install -y compat-libcap*

    (2.5)创建oracle、grid用户相关

    (2.5.1)创建用户、用户组、目录,2个节点都要执行

    /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1010 oinstall
    /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1020 asmadmin
    /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1021 asmdba
    /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1022 asmoper
    /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1031 dba
    /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1032 oper
    useradd -u 1100 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid
    useradd -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle
    mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
    mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
    mkdir /u01/app/oracle
    chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
    chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
    chmod -R 775 /u01/

    (2.5.2)配置grid的环境变量,2个节点都要执行

    [grid@standbydb1 ~]$ vim .bash_profile 
    
    #添加
    export TMP=/tmp 
    export TMPDIR=$TMP 
    export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1   #如果是节点2,改为:+ASM2
    export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
    export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
    export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH 
    export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH 
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib 
    export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib 
    umask 022

    (2.5.3)配置oracle的环境变量,2个节点都要执行

    [oracle@standbydb1 ~]$ vim .bash_profile 
    
    #添加
    export TMP=/tmp 
    export TMPDIR=$TMP 
    export ORACLE_SID=standby1
    export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle 
    export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
    export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin 
    export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH 
    export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH 
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib 
    export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib 
    umask 022

    (2.5.4)配置grid的节点互信,在一个节点用grid用户执行

    ./sshUserSetup.sh -hosts "primarydb1 primarydb2" -user grid -advanced

    (2.5.5)配置oracle的节点互信,在一个节点用oracle用户执行

    ./sshUserSetup.sh -hosts "primarydb1 primarydb2" -user oracle -advanced

     (2.6)安装前的检查

     2个节点安装cvuqdisk包,进入grid安装包

    [root@standbydb1 soft]# cd grid/
    [root@standbydb1 grid]# ls
    doc  install  response  rpm  runcluvfy.sh  runInstaller  sshsetup  stage  welcome.html
    [root@standbydb1 grid]# cd rpm/
    [root@standbydb1 rpm]# ls
    cvuqdisk-1.0.7-1.rpm
    [root@standbydb1 rpm]# rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.7-1.rpm
    Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
    Using default group oinstall to install package
       1:cvuqdisk               ########################################### [100%]

    执行grid安装检查

    ./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n standbydb1,standbydb2 -fixup -verbose

    如果没有报错,即可执行安装操作。

     (三)安装

    (3.1)安装grid

    安装命令:

    ./runInstaller -ignorePrereq -silent -force -responseFile /soft/grid/grid/response/grid_install.rsp -showProgress

    响应文件grid_install.rsp的内容为:

    oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_crsinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
    ORACLE_HOSTNAME=standbydb1
    INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
    SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en
    oracle.install.option=CRS_CONFIG
    ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
    ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
    oracle.install.asm.OSDBA=asmdba
    oracle.install.asm.OSOPER=asmoper
    oracle.install.asm.OSASM=asmadmin
    oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.scanName=standbydb-scan
    oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.scanPort=1521
    oracle.install.crs.config.clusterName=standbydb-scan
    oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.configureGNS=false
    oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.gnsSubDomain=
    oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.gnsVIPAddress=
    oracle.install.crs.config.autoConfigureClusterNodeVIP=false
    oracle.install.crs.config.clusterNodes=standbydb1:standbydb1-vip,standbydb2:standbydb2-vip
    oracle.install.crs.config.networkInterfaceList=eth0:192.168.10.0:1,eth1:10.10.10.0:2,eth2:192.168.0.0:3
    oracle.install.crs.config.storageOption=ASM_STORAGE
    oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.diskDriveMapping=
    oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.votingDiskLocations=
    oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.votingDiskRedundancy=NORMAL
    oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.ocrLocations=
    oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.ocrRedundancy=NORMAL
                       
    oracle.install.crs.config.useIPMI=false
    oracle.install.crs.config.ipmi.bmcUsername=
    oracle.install.crs.config.ipmi.bmcPassword=
    oracle.install.asm.SYSASMPassword=Oracle123
    oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.name=OCR
    oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.redundancy=NORMAL
    oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.AUSize=1
    oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.disks=/dev/raw/raw1,/dev/raw/raw2,/dev/raw/raw3
    oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.diskDiscoveryString=/dev/raw/*
    oracle.install.asm.monitorPassword=Oracle123
    oracle.install.crs.upgrade.clusterNodes=
    oracle.install.asm.upgradeASM=false
    oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES
    oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=
    AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
    AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
    PROXY_HOST=
    PROXY_PORT=
    PROXY_USER=
    PROXY_PWD=
    PROXY_REALM=
    View Code

    额外工作:

    (1)创建磁盘组

    su - grid

    sqlplus / as sysasm create diskgroup data external redundancy disk '/dev/raw/raw4','/dev/raw/raw5','/dev/raw/raw6' attribute 'compatible.rdbms'='11.2.0.0', 'compatible.asm'='11.2.0.0', 'au_size'='1M'; create diskgroup arch external redundancy disk '/dev/raw/raw7' attribute 'compatible.rdbms'='11.2.0.0', 'compatible.asm'='11.2.0.0', 'au_size'='1M';

    启动所有节点上的磁盘组

    (2)创建默认监听

    su - grid
    
    srvctl add listener
    srvctl start listener

    (3.2)安装数据库软件

    安装命令:

    ./runInstaller -ignorePrereq -silent -force -responseFile /u01/mysoft/oracle/db_install_20190714.rsp

    响应文件db_install_20190714.rsp的内容为:

    oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
    oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
    ORACLE_HOSTNAME=standbydb1
    UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
    INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
    SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en
    ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
    ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
    oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
    oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
    oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=
    oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper
    oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=standbydb1,standbydb2
    oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false
    oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=false
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
    oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
    oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
    MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
    MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
    SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false
    DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
    PROXY_HOST=
    PROXY_PORT=
    PROXY_USER=
    View Code

    (3.3)创建数据库

    [oracle@standbydb1 bin]$ pwd
    /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
    [oracle@standbydb1 bin]$ ./dbca -silent -responseFile /u01/mysoft/oracle/database/response/dbca_20190714.rsp

     响应文件db_install_20190714.rsp的内容为:

    [GENERAL]
    RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
    OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
    [CREATEDATABASE]
    GDBNAME = "standby"
    DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "standby"
    SID = "standby"
    NODELIST=standbydb1,standbydb2
    TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
    SYSPASSWORD = "Oracle123"
    SYSTEMPASSWORD = "Oracle123"
    DATAFILEDESTINATION = "+DATA"
    STORAGETYPE=ASM
    DISKGROUPNAME=DATA
    CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
    NATIONALCHARACTERSET= "UTF8"
    DB_BLOCK_SIZE=8192
    TOTALMEMORY = "1024"
    View Code

      (四)结果确认

    查看集群资源

    [grid@standbydb1 ~]$ crsctl status res -t
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    NAME           TARGET  STATE        SERVER                   STATE_DETAILS       
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Local Resources
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ora.ARCH.dg
                   ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb1                                   
                   ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb2                                   
    ora.DATA.dg
                   ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb1                                   
                   ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb2                                   
    ora.LISTENER.lsnr
                   ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb1                                   
                   ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb2                                   
    ora.OCR.dg
                   ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb1                                   
                   ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb2                                   
    ora.asm
                   ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb1               Started             
                   ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb2               Started             
    ora.gsd
                   OFFLINE OFFLINE      standbydb1                                   
                   OFFLINE OFFLINE      standbydb2                                   
    ora.net1.network
                   ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb1                                   
                   ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb2                                   
    ora.ons
                   ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb1                                   
                   ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb2                                   
    ora.registry.acfs
                   ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb1                                   
                   ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb2                                   
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Cluster Resources
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
          1        ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb1                                   
    ora.cvu
          1        ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb1                                   
    ora.oc4j
          1        ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb1                                   
    ora.scan1.vip
          1        ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb1                                   
    ora.standby.db
          1        ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb1               Open                
          2        ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb2               Open                
    ora.standbydb1.vip
          1        ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb1                                   
    ora.standbydb2.vip
          1        ONLINE  ONLINE       standbydb2                                   
    View Code

    查看数据库状态

    SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database;
    NAME      OPEN_MODE
    --------- --------------------
    STANDBY   READ WRITE
    
    SQL> select host_name,instance_name from gv$instance;
    HOST_NAME             INSTANCE_NAME
    -------------  -----------------
    standbydb1         standby1
    standbydb2         standby2

    结束。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lijiaman/p/11185504.html
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