下面语法 SQL Server 2008 R2 可以正常运行。
SELECT 语句
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| SELECT column_name, column_name, ...
FROM table_name;
SELECT * FROM table_name;
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DISTINCT 关键字
用于返回唯一不同的值。
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| SELECT DISTINCT column_name, column_name, ...
FROM table_name;
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ORDER BY 关键字
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| SELECT column_name, column_name, ...
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name ASC/DESC, column_name ASC/DESC;
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TOP 关键字
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SELECT TOP 5 column_name, column_name, ...
FROM table_name;
SELECT TOP 5 PERCENT column_name, column_name, ...
FROM table_name;
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WHERE 子句
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| SELECT column_name, column_name, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value;
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SQL 使用单引号来环绕文本值（大部分数据库系统也接受双引号）。
如果是数值字段，不要使用引号。
WHERE 子句中的运算符
| 运算符 |
描述 |
| = |
等于 |
| <>(!=) |
不等于 |
| > |
大于 |
| < |
小于 |
| >= |
大于等于 |
| <= |
小于等于 |
| BETWEEN |
在某个范围内 |
| LIKE |
搜索某种模式 |
| IN |
指定针对某个列的多个可能值 |
LIKE 运算符
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| SELECT column_name, column_name, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name LIKE pattern;
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通配符
| 通配符 |
描述 |
| % |
替代 0 个或多个字符 |
| _ |
替代一个字符 |
| [charlist] |
字符列表中的任何单一字符 |
| charlist或[!charlist] |
不在字符列表中的任何单一字符 |
- LIKE ‘%a’: 以a结尾的记录
- LIKE ‘a%’:以a开头的记录
- LIKE ‘%a%’: 含有a的记录
- LIKE ‘_a_‘: 三位且中间字母是a的记录
- LIKE ‘_a’: 两位且结尾字母是a的记录
- LIKE ‘a_’: 两位且开头字母是a的记录
- LIKE ‘[ab]%’: 以a或b开头的记录
- LIKE ‘ab%’: 不以a或b开头的记录
IN 运算符
与 = 运算符相识，但可以匹配多个值。
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大专栏 SQL-基础语法(数据行、列相关)pan class="line">3
| SELECT column_name, column_name, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IN (value1, value2, ...);
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BETWEEN 运算符
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| SELECT column_name, column_name, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2;
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值可以是数值、文本或者日期。
AND、OR、NOT 运算符
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SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 AND condition2 ...;
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 OR condition2 ...;
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE NOT condition;
SELECT column_name, column_name, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
AND column_name operator value
OR column_name operator value;
SELECT column_name, column_name, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name NOT LIKE pattern;
SELECT column_name, column_name, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name NOT IN (value1, value2, ...);
SELECT column_name, column_name, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name NOT BETWEEN value1 AND value2;
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INSERT INTO 语句
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| INSERT INTO table_name
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...);
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3, ...)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);
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UPDATE 语句
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| UPDATE table_name
SET column1=value1, column2=value2,...
WHERE some_column = some_value;
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注：不加 WHERE 子句将修改全部记录
DELETE 语句
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| DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE some_column = some_value;
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注：不加 WHERE 子句将删除全部记录