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  • 利用Keepalived+mysql构建高可用MySQL双主自动切转

    转载:http://www.it300.com/index.php/article-15266.html

    关于MySQL-HA,目前有多种解决方案,比如heartbeat、drbd、mmm、共享存储,但是它们各有优缺点。heartbeat、drbd配置较为复杂,需要自己写脚本才能实现MySQL自动切换,对于不会脚本语言的人来说,这无疑是一种脑裂问题;对于mmm,生产环境中很少有人用,且mmm管理端需要单独运行一台服务器上,要是想实现高可用,就得对mmm管理端做HA,这样无疑又增加了硬件开支;对于共享存储,个人觉得MySQL数据还是放在本地较为安全,存储设备毕竟存在单点隐患。

        使用MySQL双master+keepalived是一种非常好的解决方案,在MySQL-HA环境 中,MySQL互为主从关系,这样就保证了两台MySQL数据的一致性,然后用keepalived实现虚拟IP,通过keepalived自带的服务监 控功能来实现MySQL故障时自动切换。

        下面,我把即将上线的一个生产环境中的架构与大家分享一下,看一下这个架构中,MySQL-HA是如何实现的,环境拓扑如下:

    1 MySQL-VIP:192.168.1.200 
    2 MySQL-master1:192.168.1.201 
    3 MySQL-master2:192.168.1.202 
    4   
    5 OS版本:CentOS 5.4 
    6 MySQL版本:5.0.89 
    7 Keepalived版本:1.1.20

        一、MySQL master-master配置

    1、修改MySQL配置文件

    两台MySQL均如要开启binlog日志功能,开启方法:在MySQL配置文件[MySQLd]段中加上log-bin=MySQL-bin选项

    两台MySQL的server-ID不能一样,默认情况下两台MySQL的serverID都是1,需将其中一台修改为2即可

    Master1配置:

    01 #vim /etc/my.cnf
    02  
    03 log-bin=mysql-bin   //开启binlog日志功能
    04 log =/usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.log    //会打印mysql的所以sql语句
    05  
    06 server-id= 1  //
    07  
    08 binlog-do-db = test    //需要同步的库名称
    09 auto-increment-increment= 2
    10 auto-increment-offset= 2<span style="font-family:Simsun;"><span style="white-space:normal;"> </span></span>

    Master2配置:

    01 #vim /etc/my.cnf
    02  
    03 log-bin=mysql-bin    //开启binlog日志功能
    04 log =/usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.log  //会打印mysql的所以sql语句
    05  
    06 server-id= 2
    07  
    08 binlog-do-db = test   //需要同步的库名称
    09 auto-increment-increment= 2
    10 auto-increment-offset= 2

    2、将192.168.1.201设为192.168.1.202的主服务器

    在192.168.1.201上新建授权用户

    01 MySQL> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'%' identified by'replication'
    02 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 
    03   
    04 MySQL> show master status; 
    05 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 
    06 | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | 
    07 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 
    08 | MySQL-bin.000003 |      374 |              |                  |  
    09 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 
    10 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    在192.168.1.202上将192.168.1.201设为自己的主服务器

    01 MySQL> change master to master_host='192.168.1.201',master_user='replication',master_password='replication',master_log_file='MySQL-bin.000003',master_log_pos=374; 
    02 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) 
    03   
    04 MySQL> start slave; 
    05 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 
    06   
    07 MySQL> show slave statusG 
    08 *************************** 1. row *************************** 
    09              Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event 
    10                 Master_Host: 192.168.1.201 
    11                 Master_User: replication 
    12                 Master_Port: 3306 
    13               Connect_Retry: 60 
    14             Master_Log_File: MySQL-bin.000003 
    15         Read_Master_Log_Pos: 374 
    16              Relay_Log_File: MySQL-master2-relay-bin.000002 
    17               Relay_Log_Pos: 235 
    18       Relay_Master_Log_File: MySQL-bin.000003 
    19            Slave_IO_Running: Yes 
    20           Slave_SQL_Running: Yes 
    21             Replicate_Do_DB:  
    22         Replicate_Ignore_DB:  
    23          Replicate_Do_Table:  
    24      Replicate_Ignore_Table:  
    25     Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:  
    26 Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:  
    27                  Last_Errno: 0 
    28                  Last_Error:  
    29                Skip_Counter: 0 
    30         Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 374 
    31             Relay_Log_Space: 235 
    32             Until_Condition: None 
    33              Until_Log_File:  
    34               Until_Log_Pos: 0 
    35          Master_SSL_Allowed: No 
    36          Master_SSL_CA_File:  
    37          Master_SSL_CA_Path:  
    38             Master_SSL_Cert:  
    39           Master_SSL_Cipher:  
    40              Master_SSL_Key:  
    41       Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 
    42 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    3、将192.168.1.202设为192.168.1.201的主服务器

    在192.168.1.202上新建授权用户

    01 MySQL> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'%' identified by'replication'
    02 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 
    03   
    04 MySQL> show master status; 
    05 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 
    06 | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | 
    07 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 
    08 | MySQL-bin.000003 |      374 |              |                  |  
    09 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 
    10 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    在192.168.1.201上,将192.168.1.202设为自己的主服务器

    01 MySQL> change master to master_host='192.168.1.202',master_user='replication',master_password='replication',master_log_file='MySQL-bin.000003',master_log_pos=374; 
    02 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) 
    03   
    04 MySQL> start slave; 
    05 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 
    06   
    07 MySQL> show slave statusG 
    08 *************************** 1. row *************************** 
    09              Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event 
    10                 Master_Host: 192.168.1.202 
    11                 Master_User: replication 
    12                 Master_Port: 3306 
    13               Connect_Retry: 60 
    14             Master_Log_File: MySQL-bin.000003 
    15         Read_Master_Log_Pos: 374 
    16              Relay_Log_File: MySQL-master1-relay-bin.000002 
    17               Relay_Log_Pos: 235 
    18       Relay_Master_Log_File: MySQL-bin.000003 
    19            Slave_IO_Running: Yes 
    20           Slave_SQL_Running: Yes 
    21             Replicate_Do_DB:  
    22         Replicate_Ignore_DB:  
    23          Replicate_Do_Table:  
    24      Replicate_Ignore_Table:  
    25     Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:  
    26 Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:  
    27                  Last_Errno: 0 
    28                  Last_Error:  
    29                Skip_Counter: 0 
    30         Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 374 
    31             Relay_Log_Space: 235 
    32             Until_Condition: None 
    33              Until_Log_File:  
    34               Until_Log_Pos: 0 
    35          Master_SSL_Allowed: No
    36          Master_SSL_CA_File:  
    37          Master_SSL_CA_Path:  
    38             Master_SSL_Cert:  
    39           Master_SSL_Cipher:  
    40              Master_SSL_Key:  
    41       Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 
    42 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    4、MySQL同步测试

    如上述均正确配置,现在任何一台MySQL上更新数据都会同步到另一台MySQL,MySQL同步在此不再演示

    二、keepalived安装及配置

    1、192.168.1.201服务器上keepalived安装及配置

    安装keepalived

    02 #tar xvzf keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz
    03 #cd keepalived-1.2.2
    04 #./configure 
    05 #make && make install
    06 #cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
    07 cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
    08 chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived
    09 chkconfig --add keepalived
    10 chkconfig keepalived on
    11 mkdir /etc/keepalived
    12 ln -s /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

    配置keepalived

    我们自己在新建一个配置文件,默认情况下keepalived启动时会去/etc/keepalived目录下找配置文件

    01 #vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
    02 global_defs { 
    03      notification_email { 
    04          haohailuo@163.com
    05      
    06      notification_email_from haohailuo@163.com 
    07      smtp_server 127.0.0.1 
    08      smtp_connect_timeout 30 
    09      router_id MySQL-ha 
    10
    11   
    12 vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
    13      state BACKUP   #两台配置此处均是BACKUP 
    14      interface eth0 
    15      virtual_router_id 51 
    16      priority 100   #优先级,另一台改为90 
    17      advert_int 1 
    18      nopreempt  #不抢占,只在优先级高的机器上设置即可,优先级低的机器不设置 
    19      authentication { 
    20          auth_type PASS 
    21          auth_pass 1111 
    22      
    23      virtual_ipaddress { 
    24          192.168.1.200 
    25      
    26
    27   
    28 virtual_server 192.168.1.200 3306 { 
    29      delay_loop 2   #每个2秒检查一次real_server状态 
    30      lb_algo wrr   #LVS算法 
    31      lb_kind DR    #LVS模式 
    32      persistence_timeout 60   #会话保持时间 
    33      protocol TCP 
    34      real_server 192.168.1.201 3306 { 
    35          weight 3 
    36          notify_down /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh  #检测到服务down后执行的脚本 
    37          TCP_CHECK { 
    38              connect_timeout 10    #连接超时时间 
    39              nb_get_retry 3       #重连次数 
    40              delay_before_retry 3   #重连间隔时间 
    41              connect_port 3306   #健康检查端口
    42          }
    43      
    44 }
    编写检测服务down后所要执行的脚本
    1 #vi /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh 
    2 #!/bin/sh 
    3 pkill keepalived 
    4 #chmod +x /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh

    注:此脚本是上面配置文件notify_down选项所用到的,keepalived使用notify_down选项来检查real_server 的服务状态,当发现real_server服务故障时,便触发此脚本;我们可以看到,脚本就一个命令,通过pkill keepalived强制杀死keepalived进程,从而实现了MySQL故障自动转移。另外,我们不用担心两个MySQL会同时提供数据更新操作, 因为每台MySQL上的keepalived的配置里面只有本机MySQL的IP+VIP,而不是两台MySQL的IP+VIP

    启动keepalived

    1 #/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived –D 
    2 #ps -aux | grep keepalived

    测试

    找一台局域网PC,然后去ping  MySQL的VIP,这时候MySQL的VIP是可以ping的通的

    停止MySQL服务,看keepalived健康检查程序是否会触发我们编写的脚本

    2、192.168.1.202上keepalived安装及配置

    安装keepalived,安装方法参照192.168.1.201的安装方法

    配置keepalived

    这台配置和上面基本一样,但有三个地方不同:优先级为90、无抢占设置、real_server为本机IP

    01 #vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
    02 global_defs { 
    03      notification_email { 
    04          haohailuo@163.com 
    05      
    06      notification_email_from haohailuo@163.com 
    07      smtp_server 127.0.0.1 
    08      smtp_connect_timeout 30 
    09      router_id MySQL-ha 
    10
    11   
    12 vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
    13      state BACKUP 
    14      interface eth0 
    15      virtual_router_id 51 
    16      priority 90 
    17      advert_int 1 
    18      authentication { 
    19          auth_type PASS 
    20          auth_pass 1111 
    21      
    22      virtual_ipaddress { 
    23          192.168.1.200 
    24      
    25
    26   
    27 virtual_server 192.168.1.200 3306 { 
    28      delay_loop 2 
    29      lb_algo wrr 
    30      lb_kind DR 
    31      persistence_timeout 60 
    32      protocol TCP 
    33      real_server 192.168.1.202 3306 { 
    34          weight 3 
    35          notify_down /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh 
    36          TCP_CHECK { 
    37              connect_timeout 10 
    38              nb_get_retry 3 
    39              delay_before_retry 3 
    40              connect_port 3306 
    41          }
    42      }
    43 }

    编写检测服务down后所要执行的脚本

    1 #vi /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh 
    2 #!/bin/sh 
    3 pkill keepalived 
    4 #chmod +x /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh

    启动keepalived

    1 #/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived –D 
    2 #ps -aux | grep keepalived

    测试

    停止MySQL服务,看keepalived健康检查程序是否会触发我们编写的脚本

    三、测试

    MySQL远程登录测试

    我们找一台安装有MySQL客户端的windows,然后登录VIP,看是否能登录,在登录之两台MySQL服务器都要授权允许从远程登录

    1 MySQL> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456'
    2 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 
    3   
    4 MySQL> flush privileges; 
    5 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    使用客户端登录VIP测试
    1 C:MySQLin>MySQL.exe -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.1.200 -P3306 
    2 Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g. 
    3 Your MySQL connection id is 224 
    4 Server version: 5.0.89-log Source distribution 
    5   
    6 Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. 
    7   
    8 MySQL>

    keepalived故障转移测试

    ※在windows客户端一直去ping  VIP,然后关闭192.168.1.201上的keepalived,正常情况下VIP就会切换到192.168.1.202上面去

    ※开启192.168.1.201上的keepalived,关闭192.168.1.202上的keepalived,看是否能自动切换,正常情况下VIP又会属于192.168.1.201

    注:keepalived切换速度还是非常块的,整个切换过程只需1-3秒

    ● MySQL故障转移测试

    ※在192.168.1.201上关闭MySQL服务,看VIP是否会切换到192.168.1.202上

    ※开启192.168.1.201上的MySQL和keepalived,然后关闭192.168.1.202上的MySQL,看VIP是否会切换到192.168.1.201上

    下面是用windows客户端连接的MySQL的VIP,在切换时我执行了一个MySQL查询命令,从执行show databases到显示出结果时间为3-5秒(大家可以看到上面有个错误提示,不过不用担心,因为我们的keepalived切换大概为3秒左右,这3 秒左右VIP是谁都不属于的)

    01 MySQL> show databases; 
    02 ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away 
    03 No connection. Trying to reconnect... 
    04 Connection id:    592 
    05 Current database: *** NONE *** 
    06   
    07 +--------------------+ 
    08 | Database           | 
    09 +--------------------+ 
    10 | information_schema | 
    11 | MySQL              | 
    12 | test               | 
    13 +--------------------+ 
    14 3 rows in set (9.01 sec)
    后话:世间万事万物,都不具备绝对的完美,就像上面的MySQL-HA一样,keepalived只能做到对3306的健康检查,但是做不到比如像 MySQL复制中的slave-SQL、slave-IO进程的检查。所以要想做到一些细致的健康检查,还得需要借助额外的监控工具,比如nagios, 然后用nagios实现短信、邮件报警,从而能够有效地解决问题。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lijiasnong/p/5362600.html
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