MLE & MAP : data / model parameter
MLE: (1) keep the data fixed(i.e., it has been observed) and allow the parameters to vary
(2) the likelihood function can tell you the likelihood of any particular parameter setting
(3) 因此,MLE会针对某一特定data,调出最合适的参数
(4) MLE容易overfits the data . 在针对其他data时,可以加入这个data参数的一些先验信息(MAP)