一、DTLS -PSK
PSK 是DTLS 定义的密钥交换方案之一，相对于公钥证书方案(如 ECDHA_RSA) 来说，其具备更加轻量化、高效的优点；
而目前 PSK方案应用也比较广泛。 关于DTLS协议可以看看前面的文章 DTLS要点解析
本次通过模拟的DTLS程序，对DTLS-PSK 握手流程进行抓包分析，以期加深对协议本身的理解。
二、完整握手
流程
Client Server
------ ------
1.ClientHello -------->
<-------- 2..HelloVerifyRequest
(contains cookie)
3.ClientHello -------->
(with cookie)
4.ServerHello
<-------- 5.ServerHelloDone
6.ClientKeyExchange
7.ChangeCipherSpec
8.Finished -------->
9.ChangeCipherSpec
<-------- 10.Finished
Application Data <-------> Application Data
步骤解析
~1. Client 发送ClientHello
==[ DTLS Record ]==============================================
Content Type: Handshake (22)
Peer address: localhost/127.0.0.1:5684
Version: 254, 253
Epoch: 0
Sequence Number: 0
Length: 82
Fragment:
Handshake Protocol
Type: CLIENT_HELLO (1)
Peer: localhost/127.0.0.1:5684
Message Sequence No: 0
Fragment Offset: 0
Fragment Length: 70
Length: 70
Version: 254, 253
Random:
GMT Unix Time: Mon Jan 30 22:45:32 CST 2017
Random Bytes: 4B 8B 3C CF 0F 62 57 99 94 E9 86 0A 46 68 BF 44 00 D1 34 45 FC 81 C3 AC BC 55 7E DB
Session ID Length: 0
Cookie Length: 0
Cipher Suites Length: 4
Cipher Suites (2 suites)
Cipher Suite: TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CCM_8
Cipher Suite: TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256
Compression Methods Length: 1
Compression Methods (1 method)
Compression Method: NULL
Extensions Length: 24
Extension: elliptic_curves (10)
Length: 8
Elliptic Curves Length: 6
Elliptic Curves (3 curves):
Elliptic Curve: secp256r1 (23)
Elliptic Curve: secp384r1 (24)
Elliptic Curve: secp521r1 (25)
Extension: ec_point_formats (11)
Length: 2
EC point formats length: 1
Elliptic Curves Point Formats (1):
EC point format: uncompressed (0)
Extension: server_certificate_type (20)
Server certificate type: RAW_PUBLIC_KEY
===============================================================
此时没有携带Cookie，SessionID未生成；
Cipher Suites 携带了用于协商的算法集。
~2. Server 回复HelloVerifyRequest
Handshake Protocol
Type: HELLO_VERIFY_REQUEST (3)
Peer: localhost/127.0.0.1:5684
Message Sequence No: 0
Fragment Offset: 0
Fragment Length: 35
Length: 35
Server Version: 254, 253
Cookie Length: 32
Cookie: 77 25 7E 96 9E BD 39 42 94 5F 27 6C 8A 6D 9D D2 1A C9 A3 B8 62 1A 34 86 76 1D D7 AA F4 28 98 6D
Request中携带了32字节的Cookie。
~3. Client 再次发送ClientHello
==[ DTLS Record ]==============================================
Content Type: Handshake (22)
Peer address: localhost/127.0.0.1:5684
Version: 254, 253
Epoch: 0
Sequence Number: 1
Length: 114
Fragment:
Handshake Protocol
Type: CLIENT_HELLO (1)
Peer: localhost/127.0.0.1:5684
Message Sequence No: 1
Fragment Offset: 0
Fragment Length: 102
Length: 102
Version: 254, 253
Random:
GMT Unix Time: Mon Jan 30 22:45:32 CST 2017
Random Bytes: 4B 8B 3C CF 0F 62 57 99 94 E9 86 0A 46 68 BF 44 00 D1 34 45 FC 81 C3 AC BC 55 7E DB
Session ID Length: 0
Cookie Length: 32
Cookie: 77 25 7E 96 9E BD 39 42 94 5F 27 6C 8A 6D 9D D2 1A C9 A3 B8 62 1A 34 86 76 1D D7 AA F4 28 98 6D
Cipher Suites Length: 4
Cipher Suites (2 suites)
Cipher Suite: TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CCM_8
Cipher Suite: TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256
Compression Methods Length: 1
Compression Methods (1 method)
Compression Method: NULL
Extensions Length: 24
Extension: elliptic_curves (10)
Length: 8
Elliptic Curves Length: 6
Elliptic Curves (3 curves):
Elliptic Curve: secp256r1 (23)
Elliptic Curve: secp384r1 (24)
Elliptic Curve: secp521r1 (25)
Extension: ec_point_formats (11)
Length: 2
EC point formats length: 1
Elliptic Curves Point Formats (1):
EC point format: uncompressed (0)
Extension: server_certificate_type (20)
Server certificate type: RAW_PUBLIC_KEY
===============================================================
本次携带了服务端返回的Cookie值。
~4. Server 回复ServerHello
==[ DTLS Record ]==============================================
Content Type: Handshake (22)
Peer address: /127.0.0.1:64688
Version: 254, 253
Epoch: 0
Sequence Number: 1
Length: 82
Fragment:
Handshake Protocol
Type: SERVER_HELLO (2)
Peer: /127.0.0.1:64688
Message Sequence No: 1
Fragment Offset: 0
Fragment Length: 70
Length: 70
Server Version: 254, 253
Random:
GMT Unix Time: Mon Jan 30 22:45:32 CST 2017
Random Bytes: AB AB 69 55 C4 2E 1F B0 8D B7 FE 7F EA 36 E5 18 6A FD 4D C8 19 4C 73 63 D3 19 B5 E0
Session ID Length: 32
Session ID: 58 8F 51 8C 2A 2A B5 DC 14 9C AB D3 F2 EE BA 25 78 80 47 25 A7 93 35 34 00 D5 CD 53 2C EC B3 D4
Cipher Suite: TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CCM_8
Compression Method: NULL
Extensions Length: 0
===============================================================
此时生成了32字节的 SessionID；
CipherSute 指明了即将采用的密钥算法集；
~5. Server 回复ServerHelloDone
==[ DTLS Record ]==============================================
Content Type: Handshake (22)
Peer address: /127.0.0.1:64688
Version: 254, 253
Epoch: 0
Sequence Number: 2
Length: 12
Fragment:
Handshake Protocol
Type: SERVER_HELLO_DONE (14)
Peer: /127.0.0.1:64688
Message Sequence No: 2
Fragment Offset: 0
Fragment Length: 0
Length: 0
===============================================================
Server 通知ServerHello结束。
~6. Client 发送ClientKeyExchange
==[ DTLS Record ]==============================================
Content Type: Handshake (22)
Peer address: localhost/127.0.0.1:5684
Version: 254, 253
Epoch: 0
Sequence Number: 2
Length: 23
Fragment:
Handshake Protocol
Type: CLIENT_KEY_EXCHANGE (16)
Peer: localhost/127.0.0.1:5684
Message Sequence No: 2
Fragment Offset: 0
Fragment Length: 11
Length: 11
PSK Identity: 012345678
===============================================================
PSK Identity 用于标识终端ID，后续双方根据该ID找到终端预置的PSK用于计算密钥；
~7. Client 发送ChangeCipherSpec
==[ DTLS Record ]==============================================
Content Type: Change Cipher Spec (20)
Peer address: localhost/127.0.0.1:5684
Version: 254, 253
Epoch: 0
Sequence Number: 3
Length: 1
Fragment:
Change Cipher Spec Message
===============================================================
Client 表示已经确认算法和密钥。
~8. Client 发送Finish
==[ DTLS Record ]==============================================
Content Type: Handshake (22)
Peer address: localhost/127.0.0.1:5684
Version: 254, 253
Epoch: 1
Sequence Number: 0
Length: 40
Fragment:
Handshake Protocol
Type: FINISHED (20)
Peer: localhost/127.0.0.1:5684
Message Sequence No: 3
Fragment Offset: 0
Fragment Length: 12
Length: 12
Verify Data: BC 00 D7 F6 6F E5 A4 B4 0D 8B 5C 8A
===============================================================
Client 表示握手完成，其中Verify Data是由动态密钥计算得出的摘要，用于Server端验证。
~9. Server 发送ChangeCipherSpec
==[ DTLS Record ]==============================================
Content Type: Change Cipher Spec (20)
Peer address: /127.0.0.1:64688
Version: 254, 253
Epoch: 0
Sequence Number: 3
Length: 1
Fragment:
Change Cipher Spec Message
===============================================================
Server 表示已经确认算法和密钥。
~10. Server 发送Finish
==[ DTLS Record ]==============================================
Content Type: Handshake (22)
Peer address: /127.0.0.1:64688
Version: 254, 253
Epoch: 1
Sequence Number: 0
Length: 40
Fragment:
Handshake Protocol
Type: FINISHED (20)
Peer: /127.0.0.1:64688
Message Sequence No: 3
Fragment Offset: 0
Fragment Length: 12
Length: 12
Verify Data: EC C9 5E 4E 24 BE 77 78 CB F5 20 54
===============================================================
Server 表示握手完成，其中Verify Data是由动态密钥计算得出的摘要，用于Client端验证。
至此，完整的PSK 握手流程已经结束，接下来执行会话恢复的场景。
三、会话恢复
流程
Client Server
------ ------
1.ClientHello -------->
<-------- 2..HelloVerifyRequest
(contains cookie)
3.ClientHello -------->
(with cookie)
4.ServerHello
5.ChangeCipherSpec
<-------- 6.Finished
7.ChangeCipherSpec
8.Finished -------->
Application Data <-------> Application Data
步骤解析
~1. Client 发送ClientHello
==[ DTLS Record ]==============================================
Content Type: Handshake (22)
Peer address: /127.0.0.1:5684
Version: 254, 253
Epoch: 0
Sequence Number: 0
Length: 115
Fragment:
Handshake Protocol
Type: CLIENT_HELLO (1)
Peer: /127.0.0.1:5684
Message Sequence No: 0
Fragment Offset: 0
Fragment Length: 103
Length: 103
Version: 254, 253
Random:
GMT Unix Time: Tue Jan 31 00:02:05 CST 2017
Random Bytes: B6 28 F7 76 FE C1 B9 7A 87 CE D9 81 2D C3 9A AA 07 F8 69 2D 36 A3 B3 A2 1F 47 E1 FF
Session ID Length: 32
Session ID: 58 8F 63 71 DE B4 87 9A C0 0B 67 BB 16 7F 33 1C B6 FF E2 74 74 D9 EB 58 D4 78 44 BA 4C 22 42 38
Cookie Length: 0
Cipher Suites Length: 4
Cipher Suites (2 suites)
Cipher Suite: TLS_NULL_WITH_NULL_NULL
Cipher Suite: TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CCM_8
Compression Methods Length: 2
Compression Methods (2 method)
Compression Method: NULL
Compression Method: NULL
Extensions Length: 24
Extension: elliptic_curves (10)
Length: 8
Elliptic Curves Length: 6
Elliptic Curves (3 curves):
Elliptic Curve: secp256r1 (23)
Elliptic Curve: secp384r1 (24)
Elliptic Curve: secp521r1 (25)
Extension: ec_point_formats (11)
Length: 2
EC point formats length: 1
Elliptic Curves Point Formats (1):
EC point format: uncompressed (0)
Extension: server_certificate_type (20)
Server certificate type: RAW_PUBLIC_KEY
===============================================================
此时SessionID已经存在，但Cookie为空，仍然需要经过一次HelloVerify。
~2.Server 发送HelloVerifyRequest
Handshake Protocol
Type: HELLO_VERIFY_REQUEST (3)
Peer: /127.0.0.1:5684
Message Sequence No: 0
Fragment Offset: 0
Fragment Length: 35
Length: 35
Server Version: 254, 253
Cookie Length: 32
Cookie: 67 6B 86 62 06 F6 A4 3D 31 59 B1 82 80 39 23 76 C6 2C E2 FC E1 7F 41 E8 EE 13 6C 12 A6 76 7B C5
Server 发送了32字节的Cookie值
~3. Client 再次发送ClientHello
==[ DTLS Record ]==============================================
Content Type: Handshake (22)
Peer address: /127.0.0.1:5684
Version: 254, 253
Epoch: 0
Sequence Number: 1
Length: 147
Fragment:
Handshake Protocol
Type: CLIENT_HELLO (1)
Peer: /127.0.0.1:5684
Message Sequence No: 1
Fragment Offset: 0
Fragment Length: 135
Length: 135
Version: 254, 253
Random:
GMT Unix Time: Tue Jan 31 00:02:05 CST 2017
Random Bytes: B6 28 F7 76 FE C1 B9 7A 87 CE D9 81 2D C3 9A AA 07 F8 69 2D 36 A3 B3 A2 1F 47 E1 FF
Session ID Length: 32
Session ID: 58 8F 63 71 DE B4 87 9A C0 0B 67 BB 16 7F 33 1C B6 FF E2 74 74 D9 EB 58 D4 78 44 BA 4C 22 42 38
Cookie Length: 32
Cookie: 67 6B 86 62 06 F6 A4 3D 31 59 B1 82 80 39 23 76 C6 2C E2 FC E1 7F 41 E8 EE 13 6C 12 A6 76 7B C5
Cipher Suites Length: 4
Cipher Suites (2 suites)
Cipher Suite: TLS_NULL_WITH_NULL_NULL
Cipher Suite: TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CCM_8
Compression Methods Length: 2
Compression Methods (2 method)
Compression Method: NULL
Compression Method: NULL
Extensions Length: 24
Extension: elliptic_curves (10)
Length: 8
Elliptic Curves Length: 6
Elliptic Curves (3 curves):
Elliptic Curve: secp256r1 (23)
Elliptic Curve: secp384r1 (24)
Elliptic Curve: secp521r1 (25)
Extension: ec_point_formats (11)
Length: 2
EC point formats length: 1
Elliptic Curves Point Formats (1):
EC point format: uncompressed (0)
Extension: server_certificate_type (20)
Server certificate type: RAW_PUBLIC_KEY
===============================================================
此时Cookie和SessionID都不为空。
~4. Server 发送ServerHello
==[ DTLS Record ]==============================================
Content Type: Handshake (22)
Peer address: /127.0.0.1:54595
Version: 254, 253
Epoch: 0
Sequence Number: 1
Length: 82
Fragment:
Handshake Protocol
Type: SERVER_HELLO (2)
Peer: /127.0.0.1:54595
Message Sequence No: 1
Fragment Offset: 0
Fragment Length: 70
Length: 70
Server Version: 254, 253
Random:
GMT Unix Time: Tue Jan 31 00:02:05 CST 2017
Random Bytes: 6B 21 0D B0 A3 33 A3 49 65 0E D9 D1 DB 0E 62 74 51 EE 1B E1 CC 37 1E FD 8C 67 39 00
Session ID Length: 32
Session ID: 58 8F 63 71 DE B4 87 9A C0 0B 67 BB 16 7F 33 1C B6 FF E2 74 74 D9 EB 58 D4 78 44 BA 4C 22 42 38
Cipher Suite: TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CCM_8
Compression Method: NULL
===============================================================
~5. Server 发送ChangeCipherSpec
==[ DTLS Record ]==============================================
Content Type: Change Cipher Spec (20)
Peer address: /127.0.0.1:54595
Version: 254, 253
Epoch: 0
Sequence Number: 2
Length: 1
Fragment:
Change Cipher Spec Message
===============================================================
Server 表示已经确认算法和密钥。
~6. Server 发送Finish
==[ DTLS Record ]==============================================
Content Type: Handshake (22)
Peer address: /127.0.0.1:54595
Version: 254, 253
Epoch: 1
Sequence Number: 0
Length: 40
Fragment:
Handshake Protocol
Type: FINISHED (20)
Peer: /127.0.0.1:54595
Message Sequence No: 2
Fragment Offset: 0
Fragment Length: 12
Length: 12
Verify Data: D7 8F CA EC 97 B7 96 A3 CD 5E 5C 97
===============================================================
Server 表示握手完成，其中VerifyData 用于Client端验证。
~7. Client 发送ChangeCipherSpec
==[ DTLS Record ]==============================================
Content Type: Change Cipher Spec (20)
Peer address: /127.0.0.1:5684
Version: 254, 253
Epoch: 0
Sequence Number: 2
Length: 1
Fragment:
Change Cipher Spec Message
===============================================================
Client 表示已经确认算法和密钥。
~8. Client 发送Finish
==[ DTLS Record ]==============================================
Content Type: Handshake (22)
Peer address: /127.0.0.1:5684
Version: 254, 253
Epoch: 1
Sequence Number: 0
Length: 40
Fragment:
Handshake Protocol
Type: FINISHED (20)
Peer: /127.0.0.1:5684
Message Sequence No: 2
Fragment Offset: 0
Fragment Length: 12
Length: 12
Verify Data: 3F 86 FC 45 D8 41 A6 BE BD 54 C2 7A
===============================================================
Client 表示握手完成，其中VerifyData 用于Server端验证。
至此，会话恢复(Resuming)流程分析完毕。
四、相关参考
Scadium 是一个纯Java语言的DTLS实现，可支持DTLS 1.2版本。
目前其被纳入 Californium项目(Coap技术框架)，项目地址为：
https://github.com/eclipse/californium/tree/master/scandium-core
关于DTLS的技术纪要：
http://www.cnblogs.com/littleatp/p/6358261.html
TLS_PSK 标准定义：
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4279