【Docker】在Linux系统中安装Docker虚拟机、启动停止重启查看Docker命令

安装Docker

文章目录

• 安装Docker
• Docker虚拟机架构
• 在Linux系统中安装Docker虚拟机
• 管理Docker虚拟机
• 参考资料

Docker虚拟机架构

Docker创建的所有虚拟实例共用同一个Linux内核，对硬件占用较少，属于轻量级虚拟机

Docker的版本定义

Docker Engine

• 社区版 ( CE, Community Edition )
• 企业版 ( EE, Enterprise Edition )

社区版提供了Docker中的容器管理等基础功能，企业版增加了容器管理、镜像管理、插件、安全等服务与功能，还有就是一个免费一个收费。

Docker的环境依赖

Docker依赖Linux内核中的相关支持，kernel 核心。

建议将系统升级到能支持 Docker 的系统版本。

我使用的是Linux CentOS 7

在Linux系统中安装Docker虚拟机

https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/

CentOS

先更新yum软件管理，然后再安装Docker

yum -y update
yum install -y docker

-y代表选择程序安装中的yes选项

我的执行

[root@liuawen ~]# yum -y update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
No packages marked for update
[root@liuawen ~]# yum install -y docker
...

出现问题

Error: docker-ce-cli conflicts with 2:docker-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64
Error: docker-ce conflicts with 2:docker-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64
 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
 You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest
[root@liuawen ~]# 

我之前安装过docker了，那就卸载掉重新安装下。

yum list installed | grep docker

yum -y remove xxx

[root@liuawen ~]# yum list installed | grep docker
containerd.io.x86_64            1.2.13-3.1.el7                 @docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64                3:19.03.8-3.el7                @docker-ce-stable
docker-ce-cli.x86_64            1:19.03.8-3.el7                @docker-ce-stable
[root@liuawen ~]#  yum -y remove containerd.io.x86_64 docker-ce.x86_64   docker-ce-cli.x86_64 
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
...

再安装yum install -y docker

安装好了

启动docker：systemctl start docker

停止docker：systemctl stop docker

重启docker：systemctl restart docker

查看docker状态：systemctl status docker

开机启动：systemctl enable docker

[root@liuawen local]# systemctl start docker
[root@liuawen local]# ps -ef | grep "docker"
root     25171     1  0 11:14 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/dockerd-current --add-runtime docker-runc=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-runc-current --default-runtime=docker-runc --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd --userland-proxy-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-proxy-current --init-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-init-current --seccomp-profile=/etc/docker/seccomp.json --selinux-enabled --log-driver=journald --signature-verification=false --storage-driver overlay2
root     25177 25171  0 11:14 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/docker-containerd-current -l unix:///var/run/docker/libcontainerd/docker-containerd.sock --metrics-interval=0 --start-timeout 2m --state-dir /var/run/docker/libcontainerd/containerd --shim docker-containerd-shim --runtime docker-runc --runtime-args --systemd-cgroup=true
root     25887 21199  0 11:24 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto docker
[root@liuawen local]# systemctl stop docker
[root@liuawen local]# ps -ef | grep "docker"
root     25910 21199  0 11:24 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto docker
[root@liuawen local]# systemctl restart docker
[root@liuawen local]# ps -ef | grep "docker"
root     25960     1  2 11:24 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/dockerd-current --add-runtime docker-runc=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-runc-current --default-runtime=docker-runc --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd --userland-proxy-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-proxy-current --init-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-init-current --seccomp-profile=/etc/docker/seccomp.json --selinux-enabled --log-driver=journald --signature-verification=false --storage-driver overlay2
root     25966 25960  0 11:24 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/docker-containerd-current -l unix:///var/run/docker/libcontainerd/docker-containerd.sock --metrics-interval=0 --start-timeout 2m --state-dir /var/run/docker/libcontainerd/containerd --shim docker-containerd-shim --runtime docker-runc --runtime-args --systemd-cgroup=true
root     26063 21199  0 11:25 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto docker
[root@liuawen local]# 

https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/
Ubuntu

$ sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
$
$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce
$
$ sudo systemctl enable docker
$ sudo systemctl start docker

管理Docker虚拟机

启动Docker服务

systemctl start docker

实现 Docker 服务开机自启动

systemctl enable docker

[root@liuawen ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@liuawen ~]# systemctl enable docker
[root@liuawen ~]# 

停止docker：systemctl stop docker

重启docker：systemctl restart docker

查看docker状态：systemctl status docker

docker version

查看Docker版本

[root@liuawen ~]# docker version
Client:
 Version:         1.13.1
 API version:     1.26
 Package version: docker-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64
 Go version:      go1.10.3
 Git commit:      cccb291/1.13.1
 Built:           Tue Mar  3 17:21:24 2020
 OS/Arch:         linux/amd64

Server:
 Version:         1.13.1
 API version:     1.26 (minimum version 1.12)
 Package version: docker-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64
 Go version:      go1.10.3
 Git commit:      cccb291/1.13.1
 Built:           Tue Mar  3 17:21:24 2020
 OS/Arch:         linux/amd64
 Experimental:    false
[root@liuawen ~]# 

Docker C/S 客户端服务端相关的版本信息

docker info

更多的Docker相关信息

[root@liuawen ~]# docker info
Containers: 0
 Running: 0
 Paused: 0
 Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 1.13.1
Storage Driver: overlay2
 Backing Filesystem: extfs
 Supports d_type: true
 Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: journald
Cgroup Driver: systemd
Plugins: 
 Volume: local
 Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: docker-runc runc
Default Runtime: docker-runc
Init Binary: /usr/libexec/docker/docker-init-current
containerd version:  (expected: aa8187dbd3b7ad67d8e5e3a15115d3eef43a7ed1)
runc version: 66aedde759f33c190954815fb765eedc1d782dd9 (expected: 9df8b306d01f59d3a8029be411de015b7304dd8f)
init version: fec3683b971d9c3ef73f284f176672c44b448662 (expected: 949e6facb77383876aeff8a6944dde66b3089574)
Security Options:
 seccomp
  WARNING: You're not using the default seccomp profile
  Profile: /etc/docker/seccomp.json
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-1062.12.1.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
Number of Docker Hooks: 3
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 3.7 GiB
Name: liuawen
ID: EIFQ:YIQM:CYL2:LDKU:AOII:WBJB:UXTN:WBXV:3PZO:JH4D:E7UG:RA3A
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
Registries: docker.io (secure)
[root@liuawen ~]# 

参考资料

简单记录
1、https://docs.docker.com/engine/
2、https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/
3、开发者必备的 Docker 实践指南 掘金小册
4、Docker环境下的前后端分离项目部署与运维