apache自己的站点提供了基金会下所有的(包括所有版本)资源，包括httpd。
地址：http://archive.apache.org/dist/
httpd下载地址：http://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd
清华大学有一个httpd归档的镜像站点，里面提供最新测试版和最新稳定版的下载，还提供一些依赖包或模块的下载。
地址：http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/httpd/
apache基金会下所有资源地址：http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/
httpd同样使用"./configure"、"make && make install"的编译流程编译。但是它有一些依赖包需要提前装好。官方上指定的依赖环境有：apr、apr-util、pcre、pcre-devle，此外还需要expat-devel包。其中pcre、pcre-devel和expat.devel可以直接使用yum安装，apr和apr-util需要编译安装。下载地址可以从站点 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/ap/ 找到。
[root@localhost ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.6.3.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# tar xf apr-1.6.3.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# cd apr-1.6.3 [root@localhost apr-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr [root@localhost apr-1.6.3]# make && make install [root@localhost apr-1.6.3]# yum -y install pcre pcre-devel expat-devel gcc* [root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr [root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
httpd编译选项
httpd的编译选项非常多。以下是截取./configure -h中的一部分，使用"......"表示省略了一堆信息。
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.29.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# cd httpd-2.4.29 [root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# ./configure -h `configure' configures this package to adapt to many kinds of systems. Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]... To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as VAR=VALUE. See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables. Defaults for the options are specified in brackets. Configuration: -h, --help display this help and exit --help=short display options specific to this package --help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages -V, --version display version information and exit -q, --quiet, --silent do not print `checking ...' messages --cache-file=FILE cache test results in FILE [disabled] -C, --config-cache alias for `--cache-file=config.cache' -n, --no-create do not create output files --srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..'] Installation directories: --prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX [/usr/local/apache2] --exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX [PREFIX] By default, `make install' will install all the files in `/usr/local/apache2/bin', `/usr/local/apache2/lib' etc. You can specify an installation prefix other than `/usr/local/apache2' using `--prefix', for instance `--prefix=$HOME'. For better control, use the options below. Fine tuning of the installation directories: --bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin] --sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin] --libexecdir=DIR program executables [EPREFIX/libexec] --sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc] --sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com] --localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var] --libdir=DIR object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib] --includedir=DIR C header files [PREFIX/include] --oldincludedir=DIR C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include] --datarootdir=DIR read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share] --datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR] --infodir=DIR info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info] --localedir=DIR locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale] --mandir=DIR man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man] --docdir=DIR documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/PACKAGE] --htmldir=DIR html documentation [DOCDIR] --dvidir=DIR dvi documentation [DOCDIR] --pdfdir=DIR pdf documentation [DOCDIR] --psdir=DIR ps documentation [DOCDIR] System types: --build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD [guessed] --host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD] --target=TARGET configure for building compilers for TARGET [HOST] Optional Features: --disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options --disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no) --enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes] --enable-layout=LAYOUT --enable-dtrace Enable DTrace probes --enable-hook-probes Enable APR hook probes --enable-exception-hook Enable fatal exception hook --enable-load-all-modules Load all modules --enable-maintainer-mode Turn on debugging and compile time warnings and load all compiled modules --enable-debugger-mode Turn on debugging and compile time warnings and turn off optimization --enable-pie Build httpd as a Position Independent Executable --enable-modules=MODULE-LIST Space-separated list of modules to enable | "all" | "most" | "few" | "none" | "reallyall" --enable-mods-shared=MODULE-LIST Space-separated list of shared modules to enable | "all" | "most" | "few" | "reallyall" --enable-mods-static=MODULE-LIST Space-separated list of static modules to enable | "all" | "most" | "few" | "reallyall" --disable-authn-file file-based authentication control --enable-authn-dbm DBM-based authentication control --enable-authn-anon anonymous user authentication control --enable-authn-dbd SQL-based authentication control --enable-authn-socache Cached authentication control --disable-authn-core core authentication module --disable-authz-host host-based authorization control --disable-authz-groupfile 'require group' authorization control --disable-authz-user 'require user' authorization control --enable-authz-dbm DBM-based authorization control --enable-authz-owner 'require file-owner' authorization control --enable-authz-dbd SQL based authorization and Login/Session support --disable-authz-core core authorization provider vector module --enable-authnz-ldap LDAP based authentication --enable-authnz-fcgi FastCGI authorizer-based authentication and authorization --disable-access-compat mod_access compatibility --disable-auth-basic basic authentication --enable-auth-form form authentication --enable-auth-digest RFC2617 Digest authentication --enable-allowmethods restrict allowed HTTP methods --enable-isapi isapi extension support --enable-file-cache File cache --enable-cache dynamic file caching. At least one storage management module (e.g. mod_cache_disk) is also necessary. --enable-cache-disk disk caching module --enable-cache-socache shared object caching module --enable-socache-shmcb shmcb small object cache provider --enable-socache-dbm dbm small object cache provider --enable-socache-memcache memcache small object cache provider --enable-socache-dc distcache small object cache provider --enable-so DSO capability. This module will be automatically enabled unless you build all modules statically. --enable-watchdog Watchdog module --enable-macro Define and use macros in configuration files --enable-dbd Apache DBD Framework --enable-bucketeer buckets manipulation filter. Useful only for developers and testing purposes. --enable-dumpio I/O dump filter --enable-echo ECHO server --enable-example-hooks Example hook callback handler module --enable-case-filter Example uppercase conversion filter --enable-case-filter-in Example uppercase conversion input filter --enable-example-ipc Example of shared memory and mutex usage --enable-buffer Filter Buffering --enable-data RFC2397 data encoder --enable-ratelimit Output Bandwidth Limiting --disable-reqtimeout Limit time waiting for request from client --enable-ext-filter external filter module --enable-request Request Body Filtering --enable-include Server Side Includes --disable-filter Smart Filtering --enable-reflector Reflect request through the output filter stack --enable-substitute response content rewrite-like filtering --enable-sed filter request and/or response bodies through sed --disable-charset-lite character set translation. Enabled by default only on EBCDIC systems. --enable-charset-lite character set translation. Enabled by default only on EBCDIC systems. --enable-deflate Deflate transfer encoding support --enable-xml2enc i18n support for markup filters --enable-proxy-html Fix HTML Links in a Reverse Proxy --enable-brotli Brotli compression support --enable-http HTTP protocol handling. The http module is a basic one that enables the server to function as an HTTP server. It is only useful to disable it if you want to use another protocol module instead. Don't disable this module unless you are really sure what you are doing. Note: This module will always be linked statically. --disable-mime mapping of file-extension to MIME. Disabling this module is normally not recommended. --enable-ldap LDAP caching and connection pooling services --disable-log-config logging configuration. You won't be able to log requests to the server without this module. --enable-log-debug configurable debug logging --enable-log-forensic forensic logging --enable-logio input and output logging --enable-lua Apache Lua Framework --enable-luajit Enable LuaJit Support --disable-env clearing/setting of ENV vars --enable-mime-magic automagically determining MIME type --enable-cern-meta CERN-type meta files --enable-expires Expires header control --disable-headers HTTP header control --enable-ident RFC 1413 identity check --enable-usertrack user-session tracking --enable-unique-id per-request unique ids --disable-setenvif basing ENV vars on headers --disable-version determining httpd version in config files --enable-remoteip translate header contents to an apparent client remote_ip --enable-proxy Apache proxy module --enable-proxy-connect Apache proxy CONNECT module. Requires --enable-proxy. --enable-proxy-ftp Apache proxy FTP module. Requires --enable-proxy. --enable-proxy-http Apache proxy HTTP module. Requires --enable-proxy. --enable-proxy-fcgi Apache proxy FastCGI module. Requires --enable-proxy. --enable-proxy-scgi Apache proxy SCGI module. Requires --enable-proxy. --enable-proxy-fdpass Apache proxy to Unix Daemon Socket module. Requires --enable-proxy. --enable-proxy-wstunnel Apache proxy Websocket Tunnel module. Requires --enable-proxy. --enable-proxy-ajp Apache proxy AJP module. Requires --enable-proxy. --enable-proxy-balancer Apache proxy BALANCER module. Requires --enable-proxy. --enable-proxy-express mass reverse-proxy module. Requires --enable-proxy. --enable-proxy-hcheck reverse-proxy health-check module. Requires --enable-proxy and --enable-watchdog. --enable-session session module --enable-session-cookie session cookie module --enable-session-crypto session crypto module --enable-session-dbd session dbd module --enable-slotmem-shm slotmem provider that uses shared memory --enable-slotmem-plain slotmem provider that uses plain memory --enable-ssl SSL/TLS support (mod_ssl) --enable-ssl-staticlib-deps link mod_ssl with dependencies of OpenSSL's static libraries (as indicated by "pkg-config --static"). Must be specified in addition to --enable-ssl. --enable-optional-hook-export example optional hook exporter --enable-optional-hook-import example optional hook importer --enable-optional-fn-import example optional function importer --enable-optional-fn-export example optional function exporter --enable-dialup rate limits static files to dialup modem speeds --enable-static-support Build a statically linked version of the support binaries --enable-static-htpasswd Build a statically linked version of htpasswd --enable-static-htdigest Build a statically linked version of htdigest --enable-static-rotatelogs Build a statically linked version of rotatelogs --enable-static-logresolve Build a statically linked version of logresolve --enable-static-htdbm Build a statically linked version of htdbm --enable-static-ab Build a statically linked version of ab --enable-static-checkgid Build a statically linked version of checkgid --enable-static-htcacheclean Build a statically linked version of htcacheclean --enable-static-httxt2dbm Build a statically linked version of httxt2dbm --enable-static-fcgistarter Build a statically linked version of fcgistarter --enable-http2 HTTP/2 protocol handling in addition to HTTP protocol handling. Implemented by mod_http2. This module requires a libnghttp2 installation. See --with-nghttp2 on how to manage non-standard locations. This module is usually linked shared and requires loading. --enable-nghttp2-staticlib-deps link mod_http2 with dependencies of libnghttp2's static libraries (as indicated by "pkg-config --static"). Must be specified in addition to --enable-http2. --enable-proxy-http2 HTTP/2 proxy module. This module requires a libnghttp2 installation. See --with-nghttp2 on how to manage non-standard locations. Also requires --enable-proxy. --enable-lbmethod-byrequests Apache proxy Load balancing by request counting --enable-lbmethod-bytraffic Apache proxy Load balancing by traffic counting --enable-lbmethod-bybusyness Apache proxy Load balancing by busyness --enable-lbmethod-heartbeat Apache proxy Load balancing from Heartbeats --enable-mpms-shared=MPM-LIST Space-separated list of MPM modules to enable for dynamic loading. MPM-LIST=list | "all" --enable-unixd unix specific support --enable-privileges Per-virtualhost Unix UserIDs and enhanced security for Solaris --enable-heartbeat Generates Heartbeats --enable-heartmonitor Collects Heartbeats --enable-dav WebDAV protocol handling. --enable-dav also enables mod_dav_fs --disable-status process/thread monitoring --disable-autoindex directory listing --enable-asis as-is filetypes --enable-info server information --enable-suexec set uid and gid for spawned processes --enable-cgid CGI scripts. Enabled by default with threaded MPMs --enable-cgi CGI scripts. Enabled by default with non-threaded MPMs --enable-dav-fs DAV provider for the filesystem. --enable-dav also enables mod_dav_fs. --enable-dav-lock DAV provider for generic locking --enable-vhost-alias mass virtual hosting module --enable-negotiation content negotiation --disable-dir directory request handling --enable-imagemap server-side imagemaps --enable-actions Action triggering on requests --enable-speling correct common URL misspellings --enable-userdir mapping of requests to user-specific directories --disable-alias mapping of requests to different filesystem parts --enable-rewrite rule based URL manipulation --enable-v4-mapped Allow IPv6 sockets to handle IPv4 connections Optional Packages: --with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes] --without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no) --with-included-apr Use bundled copies of APR/APR-Util --with-apr=PATH prefix for installed APR or the full path to apr-config --with-apr-util=PATH prefix for installed APU or the full path to apu-config --with-pcre=PATH Use external PCRE library --with-port=PORT Port on which to listen (default is 80) --with-sslport=SSLPORT Port on which to securelisten (default is 443) --with-distcache=PATH Distcache installation directory --with-z=PATH use a specific zlib library --with-libxml2=PATH location for libxml2 --with-brotli=PATH Brotli installation directory --with-lua=PATH Path to the Lua 5.3/5.2/5.1 prefix --with-ssl=PATH OpenSSL installation directory --with-nghttp2=PATH nghttp2 installation directory --with-mpm=MPM Choose the process model for Apache to use by default. MPM={event|worker|prefork|winnt} This will be statically linked as the only available MPM unless --enable-mpms-shared is also specified. --with-module=module-type:module-file Enable module-file in the modules/<module-type> directory. --with-program-name alternate executable name --with-suexec-bin Path to suexec binary --with-suexec-caller User allowed to call SuExec --with-suexec-userdir User subdirectory --with-suexec-docroot SuExec root directory --with-suexec-uidmin Minimal allowed UID --with-suexec-gidmin Minimal allowed GID --with-suexec-logfile Set the logfile --with-suexec-safepath Set the safepath --with-suexec-umask umask for suexec'd process Some influential environment variables: CC C compiler command CFLAGS C compiler flags LDFLAGS linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a nonstandard directory <lib dir> LIBS libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library> CPPFLAGS (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir> CPP C preprocessor Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations. Report bugs to the package provider.
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/apache --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-z --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --with-mpm=event
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# make && make install
模块动静态编译
httpd是高度模块化的程序，各个功能通过加载各个模块来实现。但前提是将功能对应的模块先编译好，以供httpd加载。
httpd对模块有两种编译方式：静态编译和动态编译。
- 静态编译：将模块直接编译进httpd的核心中。静态编译的所有模块都会随着httpd的启动和启动。
- 动态编译：将模块编译好，但不编译到httpd的核心中。要启动动态编译的模块，需要在httpd的配置文件中使用LoadModule指令加载。
httpd的一个优点是可以实现动态模块的热插拔。因为httpd是独立于终端的守护进程，可以通过发送HUP信号给httpd让其重读配置文件。而是否加载动态编译模块正是由httpd配置文件中的LoadModule指令决定的。当想要加载某个模块A时(即模块热插)，使用LoadModule指定A模块的链接地址，再发送HUP信号重读配置文件即可。而想要停止某个模块A时(即模块热拔)，只需将对应模块的LoadModule指令行给注释，再重读配置文件即可。
甚至，可以随时动态编译某个外部模块到httpd中，然后再热插。因为何时编译需要动态加载的模块对httpd来说是无关紧要的，它只需LoadModule和重读配置文件两个过程对模块进行控制。
在编译选项中，有几种类型的选项：
--disable-FEATURE:禁用某特性，等价于--enable-FEATURE=no --enable-FEATURE[=ARG]:启用某特性，默认参数值为YES --enable-Module_Name=shared:指定的模块Module_Name以动态编译方式安装 --enable-Module_Name=static:指定的模块Module_Name以静态编译方式安装
对于./configure --help中给定的选项，如果该选项是--disable的，那么表示该选项默认是启用的，需要显式使用--disable选项禁用；如果该选项是--enable的，那么表示该选项默认是禁用的，需要使用--enable选项来启用。例如：
--disable-authz-user :表示authz-user特性默认启用，编译时无需指定该项。如果要禁用，编译时需显式指定--disable-authz-user --enable-echo :表示echo特性默认是禁用的，如果要启用，则编译时需显式指定--enable-echo
模块名的书写是有规则的，一般模块的全称类似于"mod_BASENAME.so"格式，例如"mod_charset_lite.so"，但在编译选项中指定模块时，只需指定BASENAME，且如果basename中包含下划线时，需要转换为短横线。例如"--enable-echo"表示编译的模块是"mod_echo.so"。
此外，还支持3种列表方式的动静态编译选项：列表项之间使用空格分隔，但要使用单引号包围。
--enable-modules='Module_Name1 Moduel_Name2' --enable-mods-shared='Module_Name1 Module_Name2' --enable-mods-statics='Module_Name1 Module_Name2'
列表部分还可以使用关键字"all/few/most/reallyall"。分别表示编译所有、少量、大多数、真正的所有模块。
"--enable-modules"基本等价于"--enable-mods-shared"，都是动态编译给定列表中的模块，但"--enable-modules"可以额外使用一个关键字"none"，表示不编译所有模块。
动静态编译的优先级规则
httpd动静态模块编译有一套规则，各种动静态便宜选项之间有优先级的存在。例如，某个非核心模块既指定了动态编译，同时又指定了静态编译，那到底是静态还是动态编译？
以下是我总结的一些优先级规则。
- 不指定任何模块编译选项时，默认的选项为"--enable-mods-shared"，而该选项的默认值又是most，所以等价于"--enable-mods-shared=most"。
- 显式指定要动态或静态编译的优先级最高。有以下几种方式显式指定：
--enable-Module_Name=shared --enable-Module_Name=static --enable-mods-shared='Module_Name1 Module_Name2' --enable-mods-statics='Module_Name1 Module_Name2' --enable-modules='Module_Name1 Moduel_Name2'
如果某个模块既显式指定了动态，又显式指定了静态编译，则静态编译优先级更高。例如：
--enable-echo=shared --enable-echo=static
那么，mod_echo模块将被静态编译。
指定了关键字(all/most/few/reallyall)的"--enable-mods-static"选项，优先级高于指定或未指定关键字的"--enable-mods-shared"和"--enable-modules"选项，即静态关键字规则强于动态关键字规则。
例如，下面两个编译配置中，都是"--enable-mods-static=few"生效。第二个编译配置语句中将忽略"--enable-mods-shared=all"。
./configure --prefix=/tmp/apache --enable-mods-static=few
./configure --prefix=/tmp/apache --enable-mods-static=few --enable-mods-shared=all
对于下面的例子，authn-file和echo这两个模块既指定了动态编译又指定了静态编译，静态优先级高于动态，所以这两个模块静态被静态编译。由于没有使用关键字，所以会使用默认的"--enable-mods-shared=most"配置。即动态编译大部分，但指定的这两个模块被静态编译。
./configure --prefix=/tmp/apache --enable-mods-static='authn-file echo' --enable-mods-shared='authn-file echo'
而下面这个例子由于额外指定了使用"--enable-mods-static=few"选项，其优先级高于默认的"--enable-mods-shared=most"，所以结果是静态编译few，且显式指定的两个模块也被静态编译。
./configure --prefix=/tmp/apache --enable-mods-static='authn-file echo' --enable-mods-shared='authn-file echo' --enable-mods-static=few 使用了关键字的"--enable-mods-static"、"--enable-mods-shared "和"--enable-modules"的选项，隐含了"没有指定何种编译方式的模块"的默认编译方式。 例如下面的编译配置，"--enable-mods-static"指定了关键字few，它将优先于默认的配置规则"--enable-mods-shared=most"，所以没有指定编译方式的模块"data"将以静态的方式编译。 ./configure --prefix=/tmp/apache --enable-mods-static=few --enable-data 下面的配置如何编译的？由于默认的是"--enable-mods-shared=most"编译方式，所以模块"data"将以动态的方式编译。 ./configure --prefix=/tmp/apache --enable-data 再看下面的例子，配置中出现了"--enable-mods-static=few"和"--enable-mods-shared"(未给定值时也是默认为most)，static的优先级高于shared，所以没有指定编译方式的模块"data"使用静态编译方式编译，而显式指定了编译方式的模块"echo"其优先级最强，所以动态编译"echo"。 ./configure --prefix=/tmp/apache --enable-mods-static=few --enable-mods-shared --enable-data --enable-echo=shared
MPM的安装
编译mpm模块(prefork/worker/event)和其他模块差不多，唯一的区别是必须至少编译一个mpm模块，且必须有且仅有一个加载被httpd加载。
编译安装时默认的mpm是event模式(和发行版有关)。但可以通过"--with-mpm=MPM_NAME"来指定被加载的mpm模块。以下是几个相关编译选项：
--with-mpm=MPM_Name：用于指定默认的mpm模块，它所指定的模块会被静态编译，并在httpd启动时加载。
--enable-mpms-shared=MPM-LIST：指定动态编译安装的MPM列表，动态编译的MPM必须使用LoadModule指令加载才能使用。
如果定"--with-mpm"选项指定了某个mpm，则默认该模块被静态编译，但如果同时使用"--enable-mpms-shared"指定了该mpm，则该mpm模块被动态编译。
如果某个mpm模块被静态编译，在httpd启动时会加载它，如果想要切换到其他mpm模块，只有一种方法：重新编译httpd。
而动态编译mpm模块时，则可以通过LoadModule来切换到其他mpm模块。由于编译时自带默认mpm模块，还可以使用"--with-mpm"指定默认mpm模块，所以动态编译mpm模块无疑比静态编译要好。
"--enable-mpms-shared"可以指定动态编译的mpm列表，使用空格分隔，但需要使用单引号包围。还可以使用关键字"all"表示动态编译所有mpm模块。 例如：
--enable-mpms-shared='prefork worker' --enable-mpms-shared=all
关于"--enable-so"
一个模块被动态编译，在需要加载的时候使用LoadModule指令指定该模块，并重读配置文件即可。但httpd为什么能加载该动态模块？这就是mod_so的能力。实际上，LoadModule和LoadFile指令就是该模块提供的。
该选项使得httpd有加载某动态模块的能力(DSO,Dynamic Shared Object)，也因此它只能使用静态编译方式随httpd启动被加载。只要不显式指定"--enable-so=shared"或者将其加入显式编译列表，它都会默认以静态方式编译。实际上，只要显式指定了动态方式编译该选项，编译时会报错。
开始编译httpd
至此，就可以开始编译httpd了。过程如下：
cd tar xf httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz cd httpd-2.4.27 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/apache --with-z --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --with-mpm=event --enable-mpms-shared=all
其中安装路径为/usr/local/apache，配置文件路径为/etc/apache。
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/apache/ -l 总用量 36 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 262 12月 16 15:34 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 167 12月 16 15:35 build drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 78 12月 16 15:34 cgi-bin drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 12月 16 15:34 error drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 24 10月 18 2017 htdocs drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 8192 12月 16 15:34 icons drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 12月 16 15:35 include drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 58 12月 16 15:35 logs drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 30 12月 16 15:35 man drwxr-xr-x. 14 root root 8192 10月 18 2017 manual drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 12月 16 15:34 modules
bin目录为二进制程序存放位置，如启动脚本apachectl、httpd、htpasswd、ab（压力测试工具）等；htdocs目录存放网页文件，默认里面有index.html；logs目录存放了日志文件，除了日志文件，默认还有httpd运行的pid文件httpd.pid，这个建议修改到/var/run目录下(方便判断)；modules存放了编译后的模块；man目录为帮助文档路径。
使用httpd的启动脚本bin/apahcectl启动httpd，然后测试其是否正常。
编译后的规范化操作
设置man路径。
[root@localhost ~]# echo "MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man" >>/etc/man.config
设置PATH环境变量。
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' >/etc/profile.d/apache.sh [root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/apache.sh
输出头文件
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/include /usr/local/apache/include
提供服务启动脚本。
提供不提供没多大所谓，因为apachectl或httpd命令自身可以管理进程的启停，但自身管理启停时不提供lock文件。
如果要提供的话，从yum安装的httpd提供的/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service(systemd)或/etc/init.d/httpd(sysV)拷贝后稍作修改就可以了。以下是按照我上面编译的环境做了修改后的systemd和sysV服务管理脚本。
以下是httpd的systemd服务管理脚本/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service。
[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service [Unit] Description=The Apache HTTP Server After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target Documentation=man:httpd(8) Documentation=man:apachectl(8) [Service] Type=notify EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/httpd ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND ExecReload=/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd $OPTIONS -k graceful ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} # We want systemd to give httpd some time to finish gracefully, but still want # it to kill httpd after TimeoutStopSec if something went wrong during the # graceful stop. Normally, Systemd sends SIGTERM signal right after the # ExecStop, which would kill httpd. We are sending useless SIGCONT here to give # httpd time to finish. KillSignal=SIGCONT PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target ~
说明：上面的脚本中使用了"kill -WINCH"信号，它是graceful stop的信号。如不明白，见我的另一篇文章：进程和信号。
以下是httpd的sysV服务管理脚本/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd。
#!/bin/bash # # httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: The Apache HTTP Server is an efficient and extensible # server implementing the current HTTP standards. # ###################################################################### # 若httpd配置文件中指定了PidFile，则修改此脚本中的pidfile变量 # ###################################################################### . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/httpd fi # Start httpd in the C locale by default. HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"} # This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if # mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user. INITLOG_ARGS="" # Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server # with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not # work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start. # Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages. apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl httpd=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl prog=httpd pidfile=/usr/local/apache/logs/httpd.pid lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/httpd RETVAL=0 STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10} config=/etc/apache/httpd.conf # The semantics of these two functions differ from the way apachectl does # things -- attempting to start while running is a failure, and shutdown # when not running is also a failure. So we just do it the way init scripts # are expected to behave here. start() { echo -n $"Starting $prog: " LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd -f $config $OPTIONS RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile} return $RETVAL } # When stopping httpd, a delay (of default 10 second) is required # before SIGKILLing the httpd parent; this gives enough time for the # httpd parent to SIGKILL any errant children. stop() { status -p ${pidfile} $httpd > /dev/null if [[ $? = 0 ]]; then echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd else echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " success fi RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile} } reload() { echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then RETVAL=6 echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error" failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error" else # Force LSB behaviour from killproc LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP RETVAL=$? if [ $RETVAL -eq 7 ]; then failure $"httpd shutdown" fi fi echo } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; status) status -p ${pidfile} $httpd RETVAL=$? ;; restart) stop start ;; condrestart|try-restart) if status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null; then stop start fi ;; force-reload|reload) reload ;; graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus) $apachectl $@ RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}" RETVAL=2 esac exit $RETVAL