MongoDB sharding分片
有了副本集为什么要用分片?
分片(一个数据 存放在三个地方 共同存储为一个整体 类似于raid0的存储方式)
1、副本集利用率不高
2、主库的读写压力大
优点:资源利用率高了
读写压力负载均衡
横向水平扩展
缺点:
理想状态下需要的机器比较多
配置和运维都变的及其复杂
一定要提前规划好,一旦建立后再想改变架构就变得困难了
分片的原理
1、用户mongos(访问代理),提供一个统一的入口,本身没有数据目录,不存放数据;只是做了一个逻辑整合(类似于mycat);但是mongos容易出现单节点故障,解决方法:多几个mongos。
2、mongos将请求发送给config(存储后端节点分片的信息) ,config负责连接后端节点分片集群;config 也容易出现config单节点故障,所以也需要配置多个。
3、后端的MongoDB集群进行交叉分片等,即使down掉一台机器,从库会自动顶上,实现高可用
分片的一些概念
1、路由器服务-mongos
不要求副本集,每个mongos都是独立的,配置一模一样
mongos没有数据目录,不存放数据
路由服务,提供代理,替用户向后去请求shard分片的数据
2、分片配置信息服务器-config
config服务器在4.x之后强制要求必须是副本集
保存数据分配在哪个shard上
保存所有shard的配置信息
提供给mongos查询服务
3、片键-shard-key
数据存放在哪个shard的分区规则
片键就是索引
4、数据节点-shard
负责处理数据的节点,每个shard都是分片集群的一部分
片键的分类
1、hash片键
数据类型
id name host sex
1 zhang SH boy
2 ya BJ boy
3 yaya SZ girl
以id作为片键
索引: id
hash计算 shard1
2 hash计算 shard2
3 hash计算 shard3
hash片键特点
足够随机 足够平均
区间分片
数据类型
id name host sex
1 zhang SH boy
2 ya BJ boy
3 yaya SZ girl
如果以ID作为片键
id
1-100 shard1
101-200 shard2
201-300 shard3
300+正无穷 shard
以host作为片键
SH shard1
BJ shard2
SZ shard3
集群规划
IP地址以及端口规划
db01 10.0.0.51
Shard1_Master 28100
Shard3_Slave 28200
Shard2_Arbiter 28300
Config Server 40000
mongos Server 60000
db02 10.0.0.52
Shard2_Master 28100
Shard1_Slave 28200
Shard3_Arbiter 28300
Config Server 40000
mongos Server 60000
db03 10.0.0.53
Shard3_Master 28100
Shard2_Slave 28200
Shard1_Arbiter 28300
Config Server 40000
mongos Server 60000
目录规划
/opt/master/{conf,log,pid}
/opt/slave/{conf,log,pid}
/opt/arbiter/{conf,log,pid}
/opt/config/{conf,log,pid}
/opt/mongos/{conf,log,pid}
数据目录
/data/master
/data/slave
/data/arbiter
/data/confi
副本集的原理
1、用户mongos(访问代理),提供一个统一的入口,本身没有数据目录,不存放数据;只是做了一个逻辑整合(类似于mycat);但是mongos容易出现单节点故障,解决方法:多几个mongos。
2、mongos将请求发送给config(存储后端节点分片的信息) ,config负责连接后端节点分片集群;config 也容易出现config单节点故障,所以也需要配置多个。
3、后端的MongoDB集群进行交叉分片等,即使down掉一台机器,从库会自动顶上,实现高可用
搭建步骤
1、搭建部署shard副本集
2、搭建部署config副本集
3、搭建mongos
4、添加分片成员
5、数据库启动分片功能
6、集合设置分片
7、写入测试数据
8、检查分片效果
9、安装使用图形化工具
1、搭建部署shard副本集
环境准备
1、db01
pkill mongo
rm -rf /opt/mongo_2*
rm -rf /data/mongo_2*
rsync -avz /opt/mongodb* 10.0.0.52:/opt/
rsync -avz /opt/mongodb* 10.0.0.53:/opt/
2、db02 db03操作
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/opt/mongodb/bin' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
3、创建目录(01 02 03都操作)
mkdir -p /opt/master/{conf,log,pid}
mkdir -p /opt/slave/{conf,log,pid}
mkdir -p /opt/arbiter/{conf,log,pid}
mkdir -p /data/master
mkdir -p /data/slave
mkdir -p /data/arbiter
4、db01的副本集配置
###master配置
cat >/opt/master/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/master/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/master/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/master/pid/mongodb.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 28100
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 1024
replSetName: shard1
sharding:
clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF
###slave配置
cat >/opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/slave/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/slave/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/slave/pid/mongodb.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 28200
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 1024
replSetName: shard3
sharding:
clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF
###arbiter配置
cat >/opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/arbiter/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/arbiter/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/arbiter/pid/mongodb.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 28300
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 1024
replSetName: shard2
sharding:
clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF
cd /opt
tree master slave arbiter
db02
###master配置
cat >/opt/master/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/master/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/master/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/master/pid/mongodb.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 28100
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 1024
replSetName: shard2
sharding:
clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF
###slave配置
cat >/opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/slave/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/slave/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/slave/pid/mongodb.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 28200
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 1024
replSetName: shard1
sharding:
clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF
###arbiter配置
cat >/opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/arbiter/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/arbiter/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/arbiter/pid/mongodb.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 28300
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 1024
replSetName: shard3
sharding:
clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF
db03
###master配置
cat >/opt/master/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/master/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/master/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/master/pid/mongodb.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 28100
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 1024
replSetName: shard3
sharding:
clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF
###slave配置
cat >/opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/slave/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/slave/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/slave/pid/mongodb.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 28200
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 1024
replSetName: shard2
sharding:
clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF
###arbiter配置
cat >/opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/arbiter/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/arbiter/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/arbiter/pid/mongodb.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 28300
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 1024
replSetName: shard1
sharding:
clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF
三台机器都优化
echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
三台都启动
mongod -f /opt/master/conf/mongod.conf
mongod -f /opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf
mongod -f /opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf
ps -ef|grep mongod
初始化副本集
## db01 master节点初始化副本集
mongo --port 28100
rs.initiate()
等一下变成PRIMARY
rs.add("10.0.0.52:28200")
rs.addArb("10.0.0.53:28300")
rs.status()
### db02 master节点初始化副本集
mongo --port 28100
rs.initiate()
等一下变成PRIMARY
rs.add("10.0.0.53:28200")
rs.addArb("10.0.0.51:28300")
rs.status()
## db03 master节点初始化副本集
mongo --port 28100
rs.initiate()
等一下变成PRIMARY
rs.add("10.0.0.51:28200")
rs.addArb("10.0.0.52:28300")
rs.status()
2、搭建部署config副本集
三台机器都操作
## 1.创建目录-三台机器都操作
mkdir -p /opt/config/{conf,log,pid}
mkdir -p /data/config/
## 2.创建配置文件-三台机器都操作
cat >/opt/config/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/config/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/config/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/config/pid/mongod.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 40000
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
replSetName: configset
sharding:
clusterRole: configsvr
EOF
## 3.启动-三台机器都操作
mongod -f /opt/config/conf/mongod.conf
## 4.初始化副本集-db01操作即可
mongo --port 40000
rs.initiate()
等一下变成PRIMARY
rs.add("10.0.0.52:40000")
rs.add("10.0.0.53:40000")
rs.status()
3、搭建mongos
三台都操作
## 1.创建目录-三台机器都操作
mkdir -p /opt/mongos/{conf,log,pid}
## 2.创建配置文件-三台机器都操作
cat >/opt/mongos/conf/mongos.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/mongos/log/mongos.log
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/mongos/pid/mongos.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 60000
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
sharding:
configDB:
configset/10.0.0.51:40000,10.0.0.52:40000,10.0.0.53:40000
EOF
## 3.启动-三台机器都操作
mongos -f /opt/mongos/conf/mongos.conf
## 4.登陆mongos-db01操作
mongo --port 60000
4、添加分片成员
## 1.登陆mongos添加shard成员信息-db01操作(每一条都要一条一条的执行)
mongo --port 60000
use admin
db.runCommand({addShard:'shard1/10.0.0.51:28100,10.0.0.52:28200,10.0.0.53:28300'})
db.runCommand({addShard:'shard2/10.0.0.52:28100,10.0.0.53:28200,10.0.0.51:28300'})
db.runCommand({addShard:'shard3/10.0.0.53:28100,10.0.0.51:28200,10.0.0.52:28300'})
## 2.查看分片成员信息
db.runCommand({ listshards : 1 })
5、数据库启动分片功能
(在db01操作即可)
1、数据库开启分片
mongo --port 60000
use admin
db.runCommand( { enablesharding : "oldboy" } )
2、创建索引
use oldboy
db.hash.ensureIndex( { id: "hashed" } ) 如果返回错误 就多执行几遍 只到ok1
use admin
sh.shardCollection( "oldboy.hash",{ id: "hashed" } )
3、集合开启分片
测试 (各个节点都执行)
mongo --port 28100
use oldboy
db.hash.count()
[root@db01 ~]# mongo --port 60000
mongos> use oldboy
switched to db oldboy
mongos> for(i=1;i<10000;i++){db.hash.insert({"id":i,"name":"BJ","age":18});}
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
另外其他db02 db03节点
[root@db01 ~]# mongo --port 28100
shard1:PRIMARY> use oldboy
switched to db oldboy
shard1:PRIMARY> db.hash.count()
0
等执行完
db01执行
mongos> use oldboy
switched to db oldboy
mongos> db.hash.count()
9999
命令
mongod -f /opt/config/conf/config.conf
mongod -f /opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf
mongod -f /opt/master/conf/mongod.conf
mongod -f /opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf
mongos -f /opt/mongos/conf/mongos.conf
要点:
知道搭建步骤
知道config mongos master arbiter slave的作用即可
具体命令不要研究
掌握概念
熟悉步骤
搭建流程
配置文件不需要记住
操作命令不需要记住