Gentoo linux安装

Gentoo linux安装

官方文档：https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/About

一.准备安装介质

请到gentoo官网下载最新的3个文件

http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/gentoo/releases/amd64/autobuilds/
http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/gentoo/snapshots/

http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/gentoo/releases/snapshots/current/portage-latest.tar.xz

http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/gentoo/releases/amd64/autobuilds/current-install-amd64-minimal/install-amd64-minimal-20151231.iso

http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/gentoo/releases/amd64/autobuilds/current-install-amd64-minimal/stage3-amd64-20151231.tar.bz2

jlive@MacBook-Pro:gentoo $ll

total 1111352

-rw-r--r--@ 1 jlive  staff  254803968  1  1 09:01 install-amd64-minimal-20151231.iso

-rw-r--r--@ 1 jlive  staff   64247324  1  4 08:46 portage-latest.tar.xz

-rw-r--r--@ 1 jlive  staff  249954591  1  1 09:01 stage3-amd64-20151231.tar.bz2

二.启动gentoo live cd

按F1可以看到启动选单，gentoo-nofb(no framebuffer)适合特殊显卡的主机

配置好网络，自动获取(dhcpcd命令)

默认用户就是root，要启用ssh并允许root允许登录

1.请修改root密码
2.修改/etc/ssh/sshd_config

PermitRootLogin yes

service sshd restart

三.分区，格式化，挂载
这里创建gpt磁盘

Partition	Filesystem	Size	Description
/dev/sda1	(bootloader)	2M	BIOS boot partition
/dev/sda2	ext2 (or vfat)	128M	Boot partition
/dev/sda3	(swap)	512M or higher	Swap partition
/dev/sda4	ext4	Rest of the disk	Root partition

1.分区parted(或gdisk)
parted /dev/sda mklabel gpt
parted /dev/sda unit mib

parted /dev/sda mkpart primary 1 3
parted /dev/sda name 1 grub
parted /dev/sda set 1 bios_grub on

parted /dev/sda mkpart primary 3 131
parted /dev/sda name 2 boot

parted /dev/sda mkpart primary 131 643

parted /dev/sda name 3 swap

parted /dev/sda 

mkpart primary 643 -1

name 4 rootfs

quit

parted /dev/sda set 2 boot on

partprobe /dev/sda

注意：最后一块分区只能在交互模式下分，在静默模式下分会报不合法

jlive ~ # parted /dev/sda print

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: gpt

Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system     Name    标志

 1      1049kB  3146kB  2097kB                  grub    bios_grub

 2      3146kB  131MB   128MB   xfs             boot    启动, esp

 3      131MB   643MB   512MB   linux-swap(v1)  swap

 4      643MB   42.9GB  42.3GB  xfs             rootfs

2.格式化
mkfs.ext4 -T small /dev/sda1
mkfs.xfs /dev/sda2
mkfs.xfs /dev/sda4
mkswap /dev/sda3
swapon /dev/sda3

3.挂载
mkdir /mnt/gentoo
mount /dev/sda4 /mnt/gentoo/
mkdir -p /mnt/gentoo/boot
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/gentoo/boot

四.安装stage
1.解压stage
scp stage3-amd64-20150820.tar.bz2 root@192.168.130.140:/root

tar -xvf /root/stage3-amd64-20150820.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/gentoo

2.修改CFLAGS和CXXFLAGS
样例：/mnt/gentoo/usr/share/portage/config/make.conf.example
sed -i '/^CFLAGS/c CFLAGS="-march=native -O2 -pipe"' /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/make.conf
sed -i '/^CXXFLAGS/a MAKEOPTS="-j4"' /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/make.conf

五.安装gentoo base system
1.设置source code站点和rsync站点
mirrorselect -i -o >> /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/make.conf

 mirrorselect -i -r -o >> /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/make.conf

这里选国内的源，速度会快很多

 2.配置DNS
cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/

3.挂载必需的文件系统
mount -t proc proc /mnt/gentoo/proc/
mount --rbind /sys /mnt/gentoo/sys/
mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/sys/
mount --rbind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev/
mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/dev/
注意：--make-rslave参数是支持systemd必需的

五.配置portage
1.解压portage

scp portage-latest.tar.xz root@192.168.130.140:/root

tar -xvf /root/portage-latest.tar.xz -C /mnt/gentoo/usr/

2.chroot到/mnt/gentoo
chroot /mnt/gentoo/ /bin/bash
source /etc/profile
export PS1="(chroot) $PS1"

3.配置USE变量
/usr/portage/profiles/use.desc
可以先保持默认

4.配置时区
ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/
echo "Asia/Shanghai" >/etc/timezone
emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data
或者
cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

5.配置语言
所有支持的语言/usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED
cat >> /etc/locale.gen <<HERE
en_US ISO-8859-1
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_CN.GB18030 GB18030
zh_CN.GBK GBK
zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_CN GB2312
zh_HK.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_HK BIG5-HKSCS
zh_SG.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_SG.GBK GBK
zh_SG GB2312
zh_TW.EUC-TW EUC-TW
zh_TW.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_TW BIG5
HERE
locale-gen

jlive ~ # locale-gen

 * Generating 14 locales (this might take a while) with 1 jobs

 *  ( 1/14) Generating en_US.ISO-8859-1 ...                                          [ ok ]

 *  ( 2/14) Generating en_US.UTF-8 ...                                             [ ok ]

 *  ( 3/14) Generating zh_CN.GB18030 ...                                            [ ok ]

 *  ( 4/14) Generating zh_CN.GB2312 ...                                             [ ok ]

 *  ( 5/14) Generating zh_CN.GBK ...                                              [ ok ]

 *  ( 6/14) Generating zh_CN.UTF-8 ...                                             [ ok ]

 *  ( 7/14) Generating zh_HK.BIG5-HKSCS ...                                          [ ok ]

 *  ( 8/14) Generating zh_HK.UTF-8 ...                                             [ ok ]

 *  ( 9/14) Generating zh_SG.GB2312 ...                                             [ ok ]

 *  (10/14) Generating zh_SG.GBK ...                                              [ ok ]

 *  (11/14) Generating zh_SG.UTF-8 ...                                             [ ok ]

 *  (12/14) Generating zh_TW.BIG5 ...                                              [ ok ]

 *  (13/14) Generating zh_TW.EUC-TW ...                                             [ ok ]

 *  (14/14) Generating zh_TW.UTF-8 ...                                             [ ok ]

 * Generation complete

eselect locale list
env-update && source /etc/profile

六.配置Linux Kernel

A.安装内核源码
emerge sys-kernel/gentoo-sources

B.编译内核及initramfs
方式一:源码编译
1.编译内核
cd /usr/src/linux
make menuconfig


















make -j4 && make -j4 modules_install && make -j4 install
mkdir -p /boot/efi/boot
cp /boot/vmlinuz-* /boot/efi/boot/bootx64.efi

2.编译initramfs
emerge genkernel
genkernel --install initramfs
genkernel --lvm --mdadm --install initramfs





方式二：genkernel

1.安装genkernel

https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Kernel#Alternative:_Using_genkernel

emerge sys-kernel/genkernel

闲手动编译麻烦的同学可以试下自动编译

2.编译内核及initramfs

genkernel all

livecd / # ls /boot/

initramfs-genkernel-x86_64-4.1.12-gentoo  System.map-genkernel-x86_64-4.1.12-gentoo

kernel-genkernel-x86_64-4.1.12-gentoo

提示：自动编译支持的硬件非常丰富，耗时较长i7 2.5G 30分钟

C.安装linux-firmware
emerge sys-kernel/linux-firmware

提示：可以把vim(emerge vim)先安装上，后面很多需要修改配置文件的地方，当然，不介意nano的跳过


七./etc/fstab


https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/System

/dev/sda2   /boot        xfs    defaults,noatime     0 2

/dev/sda3   none         swap    sw               0 0

/dev/sda4   /            xfs    noatime            0 1

 

八.网络

参考/usr/share/doc/netifrc-*/net.example.bz2

1.主机名/etc/conf.d/hostname

2.域名/etc/conf.d/net

nis_domain_eno16777736="example.com"

3.网络/etc/conf.d/net

emerge --noreplace net-misc/netifrc

vim /etc/conf.d/net

config_eno16777736="192.168.130.140 netmask 255.255.255.0 brd 192.168.130.255"

routes_eno16777736="default via 192.168.130.2"

dns_servers_eno16777736="114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8"

动态获取只需修改config_eno16777736="dhcp"

添加网络开机自启动

ln -s /etc/init.d/net.lo /etc/init.d/net.eno16777736

rc-update add net.eno16777736 default

4.hosts表/etc/hosts

九.启动配置

1./etc/rc.conf

服务启动，禁用

2./etc/conf.d/keymaps

键盘

3./etc/conf.d/hwclock

时间

十.系统工具

https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Tools

1.System logger

emerge app-admin/{sysklogd,logrotate}

rc-update add sysklogd default

2.Cron daemon

emerge sys-process/cronie

rc-update add cronie default

crontab /etc/crontab

3.File indexing

emerge sys-apps/mlocate

4.Sshd

rc-update add sshd default

#serial console

sed -i '/s0/s/^#//' /etc/inittab

sed -i '/s1/s/^#//' /etc/inittab

5.Filesystem

Filesystem	Package
Ext2, 3, and 4	sys-fs/e2fsprogs
XFS	sys-fs/xfsprogs
ReiserFS	sys-fs/reiserfsprogs
JFS	sys-fs/jfsutils
VFAT (FAT32, ...)	sys-fs/dosfstools
Btrfs	sys-fs/btrfs-progs

emerge sys-fs/{e2fsprogs,xfsprogs,dosfstools}

6.Networking Tools

emerge dhcpcd ppp

十一.Bootloader

https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Bootloader

emerge grub

grub2-install /dev/sda

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

十二.用户

passwd root

注意：请修改chroot下的root密码

十三.额外软件包

emerge sys-block/parted app-misc/screen app-portage/mirrorselect

最后退出chroot环境后，重启

exit

umount -a

reboot

jlive ~ # whoami 

root

jlive ~ # uname -a

Linux jlive 4.1.12-gentoo #1 SMP Wed Jan 6 07:00:38 CST 2016 x86_64 Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4870HQ CPU @ 2.50GHz GenuineIntel GNU/Linux

jlive ~ # screenfetch

         -/oyddmdhs+:.

     -odNMMMMMMMMNNmhy+-`             root@jlive

   -yNMMMMMMMMMMMNNNmmdhy+-           OS: Gentoo 2.2

 `omMMMMMMMMMMMMNmdmmmmddhhy/`        Kernel: x86_64 Linux 4.1.12-gentoo

 omMMMMMMMMMMMNhhyyyohmdddhhhdo`      Uptime: 53m

.ydMMMMMMMMMMdhs++so/smdddhhhhdm+`    Packages: 295

 oyhdmNMMMMMMMNdyooydmddddhhhhyhNd.   Shell: bash

  :oyhhdNNMMMMMMMNNNmmdddhhhhhyymMh   CPU: Intel Core i7-4870HQ CPU @ 2.50GHz

    .:+sydNMMMMMNNNmmmdddhhhhhhmMmy   RAM: 822MB / 7957MB

       /mMMMMMMNNNmmmdddhhhhhmMNhs:  

    `oNMMMMMMMNNNmmmddddhhdmMNhs+`   

  `sNMMMMMMMMNNNmmmdddddmNMmhs/.     

 /NMMMMMMMMNNNNmmmdddmNMNdso:`       

+MMMMMMMNNNNNmmmmdmNMNdso/-          

MNNNNNNNmmmmmNNMmhs+/-`              

/hMMNNNNNNNNMNdhs++/-`               

`/ohdmmddhys+++/:.`                  

 

  `-//////:--.