调试（测试-调试-优化）……待续

一、测试

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二、调试

1、抛出异常——针对可恢复的错误

① try-except语句                          ：在调用该函数的代码中

② raise语句—raise Exception（）    ：在函数中

2、取得反向跟踪的字符串——调用栈

traceback模块

>>> import traceback
>>> try:
    raise Exception('This is the error message.')
except:
    errorFile = open('errorInfo.txt', 'w')
    errorFile.write(traceback.format_exc())
    errorFile.close()
    print('The traceback info was written to errorInfo.txt .')

    
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#8>", line 2, in <module>
    raise Exception('This is the error message.')
Exception: This is the error message.

3、断言——针对开发，即程序员的错误

1）assert语句，包括：

①assert关键字；②条件（即求值为True或者False的表达式）；③逗号；④条件为False时显示的字符串；

>>> DoorStatus = 'open'
>>> assert DoorStatus == 'open','The doors need to be "open".'
>>> DoorStatus = 'I am sorry,I can not do that.'
>>> assert DoorStatus == 'open','The doors need to be "open".'

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#3>", line 1, in <module>
    assert DoorStatus == 'open','The doors need to be "open".'
AssertionError: The doors need to be "open".

2）禁用断言

传入-O选项

4、日志——logging模块

 1）使用日志模块

import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, format=' %(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')

2）打印日志信息

logging.debug()

3）日志级别

DEBUG	logging.debug()
INFO	logging.info()
WARNING	logging.warning()
ERROR	logging.error()
CRITICAL	logging.critical()

4）禁用日志

logging.disable(传入的日志级别)

5）将日志记录到文件

import logging
logging.basicConfig(filename='myProgromLog.txt', level=logging.DEBUG, format=' %(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')

5、IDLE调试器

1）Go，Step，Over，Out，Quit

2）断点

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三、优化