kill -9 PID 是操作系统从内核级别强制杀死一个进程。
kill -15 PID 可以理解为操作系统发送一个通知告诉应用主动关闭。
kill -15 PID 效果是正常退出进程，退出前可以被阻塞或回调处理。并且它是Linux缺省的程序中断信号。
尽量使用kill -15 PID而不要使用kill -9 PID
kill -9 PID没有给进程留下善后的机会：
1) 关闭socket链接
2) 清理临时文件
3) 将自己将要被销毁的消息通知给子进程
4) 重置自己的终止状态
等等。
一些磁盘操作多的程序更是不要使用kill -9 PID，会导致数据的丢失，如ES，kafka等。
kill -l（查看Linux/Unix的信号变量）
linux signals
| Signal Name | Number | Description |
| SIGHUP | 1 | Hangup (POSIX) |
| SIGINT | 2 | Terminal interrupt (ANSI) |
| SIGQUIT | 3 | Terminal quit (POSIX) |
| SIGILL | 4 | Illegal instruction (ANSI) |
| SIGTRAP | 5 | Trace trap (POSIX) |
| SIGIOT | 6 | IOT Trap (4.2 BSD) |
| SIGBUS | 7 | BUS error (4.2 BSD) |
| SIGFPE | 8 | Floating point exception (ANSI) |
| SIGKILL | 9 | Kill(can't be caught or ignored) (POSIX) |
| SIGUSR1 | 10 | User defined signal 1 (POSIX) |
| SIGSEGV | 11 | Invalid memory segment access (ANSI) |
| SIGUSR2 | 12 | User defined signal 2 (POSIX) |
| SIGPIPE | 13 | Write on a pipe with no reader, Broken pipe (POSIX) |
| SIGALRM | 14 | Alarm clock (POSIX) |
| SIGTERM | 15 | Termination (ANSI) |
| SIGSTKFLT | 16 | Stack fault |
| SIGCHLD | 17 | Child process has stopped or exited, changed (POSIX) |
| SIGCONT | 18 | Continue executing, if stopped (POSIX) |
| SIGSTOP | 19 | Stop executing(can't be caught or ignored) (POSIX) |
| SIGTSTP | 20 | Terminal stop signal (POSIX) |
| SIGTTIN | 21 | Background process trying to read, from TTY (POSIX) |
| SIGTTOU | 22 | Background process trying to write, to TTY (POSIX) |
| SIGURG | 23 | Urgent condition on socket (4.2 BSD) |
| SIGXCPU | 24 | CPU limit exceeded (4.2 BSD) |
| SIGXFSZ | 25 | File size limit exceeded (4.2 BSD) |
| SIGVTALRM | 26 | Virtual alarm clock (4.2 BSD) |
| SIGPROF | 27 | Profiling alarm clock (4.2 BSD) |
| SIGWINCH | 28 | Window size change (4.3 BSD, Sun) |
| SIGIO | 29 | I/O now possible (4.2 BSD) |
| SIGPWR | 30 | Power failure restart (System V) |