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  • pymongo 常用操作函数

    pymongo 是 mongodb 的 python Driver Editor.
    记录下学习过程中感觉以后会常用多一些部分,以做参考。

    1. 连接数据库

    要使用pymongo最先应该做的事就是先连上运行中的 mongod 。

    • 创建一个 .py 文件,首先导入 pymongo:
    from pymongo import MongoClient
    
    • 创建一个连接到 mongod 到客户端:
    client = MongoClient()
    或者:
    client = MongoClient("mongodb://mongodb0.example.net:27019")
    
    • 连接数据库:
    # 假设要连接的数据库名为 primer
    db = client.primer
    或者:
    db = client['primer']
    
    • 连接到对应的数据集:
    coll = db.dataset
    coll = db['dataset']
    

    至此,已经完整对连接了数据库和数据集,完成了初识化的操作。

    2. 插入数据

    insert_one(document)
    insert_many(documents, ordered=True)

    • insert_one(document)
      在 pymongo 中的插入函数并不像 mongo shell 中完全一样,所以需要注意一下:
    from datetime import datetime
    result = db.restaurants.insert_one(
        {
            "address": {
                "street": "2 Avenue",
                "zipcode": "10075",
                "building": "1480",
                "coord": [-73.9557413, 40.7720266]
            },
            "borough": "Manhattan",
            "cuisine": "Italian",
            "grades": [
                {
                    "date": datetime.strptime("2014-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d"),
                    "grade": "A",
                    "score": 11
                },
                {
                    "date": datetime.strptime("2014-01-16", "%Y-%m-%d"),
                    "grade": "B",
                    "score": 17
                }
            ],
            "name": "Vella",
            "restaurant_id": "41704620"
        }
    )
    

    其中返回的结果:result 中是一个:InsertOneResult 类:
    class pymongo.results.InsertOneResult(inserted_id, acknowledged)
    其中 inserted_id 是插入的元素多 _id 值。

    • insert_many(documents, ordered=True)
    result = db.test.insert_many([{'x': i} for i in range(2)])
    

    查询数据

    find(filter=None, projection=None, skip=0, limit=0,
    no_cursor_timeout=False, cursor_type=CursorType.NON_TAILABLE,
    sort=None, allow_partial_results=False, oplog_replay=False,
    modifiers=None, manipulate=True)
    find_one(filter_or_id=None, *args, **kwargs)

    • find
      find 查询出来的是一个列表集合。
    cursor = db.restaurants.find()
    for document in cursor:
        print(document)
    # 查询字段是最上层的
    cursor = db.restaurants.find({"borough": "Manhattan"})
    # 查询字段在内层嵌套中
    cursor = db.restaurants.find({"address.zipcode": "10075"})
    
    • 操作符查询
    cursor = db.restaurants.find({"grades.score": {"$gt": 30}})
    cursor = db.restaurants.find({"grades.score": {"$lt": 10}})
    # AND
    cursor = db.restaurants.find({"cuisine": "Italian", "address.zipcode": "10075"})
    cursor = db.restaurants.find(
        {"$or": [{"cuisine": "Italian"}, {"address.zipcode": "10075"}]})
    
    • find_one
      返回的是一个JSON式文档,所以可以直接使用!

    • sort
      排序时要特别注意,使用的并不是和mongo shell的一样,而是使用了列表,
      当排序的标准只有一个,且是递增时,可以直接写在函数参数中:

    pymongo.ASCENDING = 1
    pymongo.DESCENDING = -1
    cursor = db.restaurants.find().sort("borough")
    cursor = db.restaurants.find().sort([
        ("borough", pymongo.ASCENDING),
        ("address.zipcode", pymongo.DESCENDING)
    ])
    

    更新文档

    更新文档的函数有三个(不能更新 _id 字段)

    update_one(filter, update, upsert=False)
    update_many(filter, update, upsert=False)
    replace_one(filter, replacement, upsert=False)
    find_one_and_update(filter, update, projection=None, sort=None, return_document=ReturnDocument.BEFORE, **kwargs)

    • update_one
      返回结果是一个:UpdateResult,如果查找到多个匹配,则只更新
      第一个!
    result = db.restaurants.update_one(
        {"name": "Juni"},
        {
            "$set": {
                "cuisine": "American (New)"
            },
            "$currentDate": {"lastModified": True}
        }
    )
    result.matched_count
    10
    result.modified_count
    1
    
    • update_many
      查找到多少匹配,就更新多少。
    result = db.restaurants.update_many(
        {"address.zipcode": "10016", "cuisine": "Other"},
        {
            "$set": {"cuisine": "Category To Be Determined"},
            "$currentDate": {"lastModified": True}
        }
    )
    result.matched_count
    20
    result.modified_count
    20
    
    • replace_one
    result = db.restaurants.replace_one(
        {"restaurant_id": "41704620"},
        {
            "name": "Vella 2",
            "address": {
                "coord": [-73.9557413, 40.7720266],
                "building": "1480",
                "street": "2 Avenue",
                "zipcode": "10075"
            }
        }
    )
    result.matched_count
    1
    result.modified_count
    1
    
    • find_one_and_update
      返回更新前的文档
    db.test.find_one_and_update(
        {'_id': 665}, {'$inc': {'count': 1}, '$set': {'done': True}})
    {u'_id': 665, u'done': False, u'count': 25}}
    

    删除文档

    删除时主要有两个:

    delete_one(filter)
    delete_many(filter)
    drop()
    find_one_and_delete(filter, projection=None, sort=None, **kwargs)
    find_one_and_replace(filter, replacement, projection=None, sort=None, return_document=ReturnDocument.BEFORE, **kwargs)

    • delete_one
    result = db.test.delete_one({'x': 1})
    result.deleted_count
    1
    
    • delete_many
    result = db.restaurants.delete_many({"borough": "Manhattan"})
    result.deleted_count
    10259
    # 删除全部
    result = db.restaurants.delete_many({})
    
    • drop()
      删除整个集合,是drop_collection()的别名
    db.restaurants.drop()
    
    • find_one_and_delete
    db.test.count({'x': 1})
    2
    db.test.find_one_and_delete({'x': 1})
    {u'x': 1, u'_id': ObjectId('54f4e12bfba5220aa4d6dee8')}
    db.test.count({'x': 1})
    
    • find_one_and_replace
    >>> for doc in db.test.find({}):
    ...     print(doc)
    ...
    {u'x': 1, u'_id': 0}
    {u'x': 1, u'_id': 1}
    {u'x': 1, u'_id': 2}
    >>> db.test.find_one_and_replace({'x': 1}, {'y': 1})
    {u'x': 1, u'_id': 0}
    >>> for doc in db.test.find({}):
    ...     print(doc)
    ...
    {u'y': 1, u'_id': 0}
    {u'x': 1, u'_id': 1}
    {u'x': 1, u'_id': 2}
    

    索引操作

    索引主要有创建索引和删除索引:

    create_index(keys, **kwargs)
    create_indexes(indexes)
    drop_index(index_or_name)
    drop_indexes()
    reindex()
    list_indexes()
    index_information()

    • create_index
    my_collection.create_index("mike")
    my_collection.create_index([("mike", pymongo.DESCENDING),
    ...                             ("eliot", pymongo.ASCENDING)])
    my_collection.create_index([("mike", pymongo.DESCENDING)],
    ...                            background=True)
    
    • create_indexes
    >>> from pymongo import IndexModel, ASCENDING, DESCENDING
    >>> index1 = IndexModel([("hello", DESCENDING),
    ...                      ("world", ASCENDING)], name="hello_world")
    >>> index2 = IndexModel([("goodbye", DESCENDING)])
    >>> db.test.create_indexes([index1, index2])
    ["hello_world"]
    
    • drop_index
      index_or_name: 索引编号或者索引的name
    my_collection.drop_index("mike")
    
    • drop_indexs
      删除所有索引

    • reindex
      重构索引,尽量少用,如果集合比较大多话,会很耗时耗力.

    for index in db.test.list_indexes():
    ...     print(index)
    ...
    SON([(u'v', 1), (u'key', SON([(u'_id', 1)])),
         (u'name', u'_id_'), (u'ns', u'test.test')])
    

    附录

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lomper/p/4776452.html
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