今天我们来学习第一个SpringMVC程序
一.配置开发方式
（1）首先建立一个SpringMVC web程序
（2）导入jar包
（3）建立UserController.java
package com.zk.UserController;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
public class UserController implements Controller{
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
// 接受请求，接受参数，验证参数
// 封装参数，调用业务方法
// 返回视图
ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
//设置页面回显数据
mv.addObject("hello", "凤姐喜欢你");
//指定跳转视图，返回物理视图
//mv.setViewName("/jsp/index.jsp");
//返回逻辑视图
mv.setViewName("index");
return mv;
}
}
（4）配置web.xml，在web.xml配置DispatcherServlet
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<display-name>Spring_001</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--
Spring 默认加载SpringMVC的配置文件，这个需要满足一下规则：
命名规则：Servlet-name-servlet.xml========>SpringMVC-servlet.xml
路径规范SpringMVC-serlvet.xml必须放在WEB-INF下
-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/config/springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
（5）配置springmvc.xml，放在config文件夹下；
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd">
<!-- 配置处理器映射器,SpringMVC的默认处理器映射器
BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping：根据bean(自定义Contoller)的name属性的url去寻找handler(Action:controller)
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>
<!-- 配置处理器适配器:负责执行Controller,springMVC默认处理器适配器SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>
<!-- 配置自定义UserController -->
<bean name="/hello.do" class="com.zk.UserController.UserController"></bean>
<!-- 配置SpringMVC视图解析器：解析逻辑视图
后台返回逻辑视图，
视图解析器解析出真正的物理视图：前端+逻辑视图+后缀=====/WEB-INF/jsps/index.jsp
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
（6）jsp目录下，index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
${hello }
</body>
</html>
运行程序后，输入url：http://ms-20170731tkkc:8080/SpringMVC_001/hello.do，得到运行结果为：
二.注解开发方式
第二种开发方式为注解开发，使用@Controller加@RequestMapping进行注解开发。
代码如下：
UserController.java
package com.zk.Controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
@Controller//<bean id="UserController" class="UserController路径">
public class UserController {
//访问路径注意更改
//请求映射value="/hello.do",
//@RequestMapping("hello")
//@RequestMapping("/hello.do")
//@RequestMapping(value="/hello.do")
//@RequestMapping(value="/hello.do",method=RequestMethod.GET)
@RequestMapping(value="/hello.do",method={RequestMethod.GET,RequestMethod.POST})
public String myHello(){
return "hello";
}
}
requestMapping(value=”/hello.do”,method=RequestMethod.POST)
浏览器直接访问,a标签都是get请求
表单提交(指定post)，ajax指定post提交，post提交。
Spring.xml配置文件如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zk.Controller"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置注解处理器映射器
功能：寻找执行类Controller
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"></bean>
<!-- 配置注解处理器适配器
功能：调用controller方法，执行controller
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"></bean>
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<display-name>Spring_006</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--
Spring 默认加载SpringMVC的配置文件，这个需要满足一下规则：
命名规则：Servlet-name-servlet.xml========>SpringMVC-servlet.xml
路径规范SpringMVC-serlvet.xml必须放在WEB-INF下
-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/config/springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
hello.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'Hello.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
Hello,UserController <br>
</body>
</html>
运行结果如下：