MVVM架构~knockoutjs系列之从Knockout.Validation.js源码中学习它的用法

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说在前

有时，我们在使用一个插件时，在网上即找不到它的相关API，这时，我们会很抓狂的，与其抓狂，还不如踏下心来，分析一下它的源码，事实上，对于JS这种开发语言来说，它开发的插件的使用方法都在它的源码里，只要你踏下心去看，一切就都有了！

Knockout.Validation.js是为Knockout插件服务的，它可以为Knockout对象进行验证，就像你使用MVC模型验证一样，而这种绑定的验证方式对于开发人员来说是很容易接受的，也是一种趋势，它在验证过程中，会将出现异常的点记录下来，然后在

某个时候将它抛出来，这个抛出的时刻通常是对象失去焦点时（blur)。

总结Knockout.Validation.js几个常用的东西

为空验证

    self.CategoryId = ko.observable().extend({
            required: true
        });

最大最小值验证

      self.price = ko.observable().extend({
            required: { params: true, message: "请输入价格" },
            min: { params: 1, message: "请输入大于1的整数" },
            max: 100
        });

长度验证

      self.name = ko.observable().extend({
            minLength: 2,
            maxLength: { params: 30, message: "名称最大长度为30个字符" },
            required: {
                params: true,
                message: "请输入名称",
            }
        });

电话验证

   self.phone = ko.observable().extend({
            phoneUS: {
                params: true,
                message: "电话不合法",
            }
        });

邮箱验证

   self.Email = ko.observable().extend({
            required: {
                params: true,
                message: "请填写Email"
            },
            email: {
                params: true,
                message: "Email格式不正确"
            }
        });

数字验证

     self.age = ko.observable().extend({
            number: {
                params: true,
                message: "必须是数字",
            }
        });

相等验证

 self.PayPassword = ko.observable().extend({
            required: {
                params: true,
                message: "请填写支付密码"
            },
            equal:{
                params:"zzl",
                message:"支付密码错误"
            }

事实上，Knockout.Validation.js还有包括range,date,digit,notEqual等验证，都大同小意，我就不一一说了。

Knockout.Validation.js源码

/*=============================================================================
    Author:            Eric M. Barnard - @ericmbarnard                                
    License:        MIT (http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)        
                                                                                
    Description:    Validation Library for KnockoutJS                            
===============================================================================
*/
/*globals require: false, exports: false, define: false, ko: false */

(function (factory) {
    // Module systems magic dance.

    if (typeof require === "function" && typeof exports === "object" && typeof module === "object") {
        // CommonJS or Node: hard-coded dependency on "knockout"
        factory(require("knockout"), exports);
    } else if (typeof define === "function" && define["amd"]) {
        // AMD anonymous module with hard-coded dependency on "knockout"
        define(["knockout", "exports"], factory);
    } else {
        // <script> tag: use the global `ko` object, attaching a `mapping` property
        factory(ko, ko.validation = {});
    }
}(function ( ko, exports ) {

    if (typeof (ko) === undefined) { throw 'Knockout is required, please ensure it is loaded before loading this validation plug-in'; }

    // create our namespace object
    ko.validation = exports;

    var kv = ko.validation,
        koUtils = ko.utils,
        unwrap = koUtils.unwrapObservable,
        forEach = koUtils.arrayForEach,
        extend = koUtils.extend;
;/*global ko: false*/

var defaults = {
    registerExtenders: true,
    messagesOnModified: true,
    errorsAsTitle: true,            // enables/disables showing of errors as title attribute of the target element.
    errorsAsTitleOnModified: false, // shows the error when hovering the input field (decorateElement must be true)
    messageTemplate: null,
    insertMessages: true,           // automatically inserts validation messages as <span></span>
    parseInputAttributes: false,    // parses the HTML5 validation attribute from a form element and adds that to the object
    writeInputAttributes: false,    // adds HTML5 input validation attributes to form elements that ko observable's are bound to
    decorateInputElement: false,         // false to keep backward compatibility
    decorateElementOnModified: true,// true to keep backward compatibility
    errorClass: null,               // single class for error message and element
    errorElementClass: 'validationElement',  // class to decorate error element
    errorMessageClass: 'validationMessage',  // class to decorate error message
    allowHtmlMessages: false,        // allows HTML in validation messages
    grouping: {
        deep: false,        //by default grouping is shallow
        observable: true,   //and using observables
        live: false            //react to changes to observableArrays if observable === true
    },
    validate: {
        // throttle: 10
    }
};

// make a copy  so we can use 'reset' later
var configuration = extend({}, defaults);

configuration.html5Attributes = ['required', 'pattern', 'min', 'max', 'step'];
configuration.html5InputTypes = ['email', 'number', 'date'];

configuration.reset = function () {
    extend(configuration, defaults);
};

kv.configuration = configuration;
;kv.utils = (function () {
    var seedId = new Date().getTime();

    var domData = {}; //hash of data objects that we reference from dom elements
    var domDataKey = '__ko_validation__';

    return {
        isArray: function (o) {
            return o.isArray || Object.prototype.toString.call(o) === '[object Array]';
        },
        isObject: function (o) {
            return o !== null && typeof o === 'object';
        },
        isObservableArray: function(instance) {
            return !!instance &&
                    typeof instance["remove"] === "function" &&
                    typeof instance["removeAll"] === "function" &&
                    typeof instance["destroy"] === "function" &&
                    typeof instance["destroyAll"] === "function" &&
                    typeof instance["indexOf"] === "function" &&
                    typeof instance["replace"] === "function";
        },
        values: function (o) {
            var r = [];
            for (var i in o) {
                if (o.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
                    r.push(o[i]);
                }
            }
            return r;
        },
        getValue: function (o) {
            return (typeof o === 'function' ? o() : o);
        },
        hasAttribute: function (node, attr) {
            return node.getAttribute(attr) !== null;
        },
        getAttribute: function (element, attr) {
            return element.getAttribute(attr);
        },
        setAttribute: function (element, attr, value) {
            return element.setAttribute(attr, value);
        },
        isValidatable: function (o) {
            return !!(o && o.rules && o.isValid && o.isModified);
        },
        insertAfter: function (node, newNode) {
            node.parentNode.insertBefore(newNode, node.nextSibling);
        },
        newId: function () {
            return seedId += 1;
        },
        getConfigOptions: function (element) {
            var options = kv.utils.contextFor(element);

            return options || kv.configuration;
        },
        setDomData: function (node, data) {
            var key = node[domDataKey];

            if (!key) {
                node[domDataKey] = key = kv.utils.newId();
            }

            domData[key] = data;
        },
        getDomData: function (node) {
            var key = node[domDataKey];

            if (!key) {
                return undefined;
            }

            return domData[key];
        },
        contextFor: function (node) {
            switch (node.nodeType) {
                case 1:
                case 8:
                    var context = kv.utils.getDomData(node);
                    if (context) { return context; }
                    if (node.parentNode) { return kv.utils.contextFor(node.parentNode); }
                    break;
            }
            return undefined;
        },
        isEmptyVal: function (val) {
            if (val === undefined) {
                return true;
            }
            if (val === null) {
                return true;
            }
            if (val === "") {
                return true;
            }
        },
        getOriginalElementTitle: function (element) {
            var savedOriginalTitle = kv.utils.getAttribute(element, 'data-orig-title'),
                currentTitle = element.title,
                hasSavedOriginalTitle = kv.utils.hasAttribute(element, 'data-orig-title');

            return hasSavedOriginalTitle ?
                savedOriginalTitle : currentTitle;
        },
        async: function (expr) {
            if (window.setImmediate) { window.setImmediate(expr); }
            else { window.setTimeout(expr, 0); }
        },
        forEach: function (object, callback) {
            if (kv.utils.isArray(object)) {
                return forEach(object, callback);
            }
            for (var prop in object) {
                if (object.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
                    callback(object[prop], prop);
                }
            }
        }
    };
}());;var api = (function () {

    var isInitialized = 0,
        configuration = kv.configuration,
        utils = kv.utils;

    function cleanUpSubscriptions(context) {
        forEach(context.subscriptions, function (subscription) {
            subscription.dispose();
        });
        context.subscriptions = [];
    }

    function dispose(context) {
        if (context.options.deep) {
            forEach(context.flagged, function (obj) {
                delete obj.__kv_traversed;
            });
            context.flagged.length = 0;
        }

        if (!context.options.live) {
            cleanUpSubscriptions(context);
        }
    }

    function runTraversal(obj, context) {
        context.validatables = [];
        cleanUpSubscriptions(context);
        traverseGraph(obj, context);
        dispose(context);
        }

    function traverseGraph(obj, context, level) {
        var objValues = [],
            val = obj.peek ? obj.peek() : obj;

        if (obj.__kv_traversed === true) { return; }

        if (context.options.deep) {
        obj.__kv_traversed = true;
            context.flagged.push(obj);
        }

        //default level value depends on deep option.
        level = (level !== undefined ? level : context.options.deep ? 1 : -1);

        // if object is observable then add it to the list
        if (ko.isObservable(obj)) {

            //make sure it is validatable object
            if (!obj.isValid) { obj.extend({ validatable: true }); }
            context.validatables.push(obj);

            if(context.options.live && utils.isObservableArray(obj)) {
                context.subscriptions.push(obj.subscribe(function () {
                    context.graphMonitor.valueHasMutated();
                }));
        }
        }

        //get list of values either from array or object but ignore non-objects
        // and destroyed objects
        if (val && !val._destroy) {
            if (utils.isArray(val)) {
            objValues = val;
            } else if (utils.isObject(val)) {
                objValues = utils.values(val);
        }
        }

        //process recurisvely if it is deep grouping
        if (level !== 0) {
            utils.forEach(objValues, function (observable) {

                //but not falsy things and not HTML Elements
                if (observable && !observable.nodeType) {
                    traverseGraph(observable, context, level + 1);
                }
            });
        }
    }

    function collectErrors(array) {
        var errors = [];
        forEach(array, function (observable) {
            if (!observable.isValid()) {
                errors.push(observable.error());
            }
        });
        return errors;
    }

    return {
        //Call this on startup
        //any config can be overridden with the passed in options
        init: function (options, force) {
            //done run this multiple times if we don't really want to
            if (isInitialized > 0 && !force) {
                return;
            }

            //becuase we will be accessing options properties it has to be an object at least
            options = options || {};
            //if specific error classes are not provided then apply generic errorClass
            //it has to be done on option so that options.errorClass can override default
            //errorElementClass and errorMessage class but not those provided in options
            options.errorElementClass = options.errorElementClass || options.errorClass || configuration.errorElementClass;
            options.errorMessageClass = options.errorMessageClass || options.errorClass || configuration.errorMessageClass;

            extend(configuration, options);

            if (configuration.registerExtenders) {
                kv.registerExtenders();
            }

            isInitialized = 1;
        },
        // backwards compatability
        configure: function (options) { kv.init(options); },

        // resets the config back to its original state
        reset: kv.configuration.reset,

        // recursivly walks a viewModel and creates an object that
        // provides validation information for the entire viewModel
        // obj -> the viewModel to walk
        // options -> {
        //      deep: false, // if true, will walk past the first level of viewModel properties
        //      observable: false // if true, returns a computed observable indicating if the viewModel is valid
        // }
        group: function group(obj, options) { // array of observables or viewModel
            options = extend(extend({}, configuration.grouping), options);

            var context = {
                options: options,
                graphMonitor: ko.observable(),
                flagged: [],
                subscriptions: [],
                validatables: []
        };

            var result = null;

            //if using observables then traverse structure once and add observables
            if (options.observable) {
                runTraversal(obj, context);

                result = ko.computed(function () {
                    context.graphMonitor(); //register dependency
                    runTraversal(obj, context);

                    return collectErrors(context.validatables);
                });

            } else { //if not using observables then every call to error() should traverse the structure
                result = function () {
                    runTraversal(obj, context);

                    return collectErrors(context.validatables);
                };
            }

            result.showAllMessages = function (show) { // thanks @heliosPortal
                if (show === undefined) {//default to true
                    show = true;
                }

                // ensure we have latest changes
                result();

                forEach(context.validatables, function (observable) {
                    observable.isModified(show);
                });
            };

            obj.errors = result;
            obj.isValid = function () {
                return obj.errors().length === 0;
            };
            obj.isAnyMessageShown = function () {
                var invalidAndModifiedPresent = false;

                // ensure we have latest changes
                result();

                invalidAndModifiedPresent = !!koUtils.arrayFirst(context.validatables, function (observable) {
                    return !observable.isValid() && observable.isModified();
                });
                return invalidAndModifiedPresent;
            };

            return result;
        },

        formatMessage: function (message, params, observable) {
            if (typeof (message) === 'function') {
                return message(params, observable);
            }
            return message.replace(/{0}/gi, unwrap(params));
        },

        // addRule:
        // This takes in a ko.observable and a Rule Context - which is just a rule name and params to supply to the validator
        // ie: kv.addRule(myObservable, {
        //          rule: 'required',
        //          params: true
        //      });
        //
        addRule: function (observable, rule) {
            observable.extend({ validatable: true });

            //push a Rule Context to the observables local array of Rule Contexts
            observable.rules.push(rule);
            return observable;
        },

        // addAnonymousRule:
        // Anonymous Rules essentially have all the properties of a Rule, but are only specific for a certain property
        // and developers typically are wanting to add them on the fly or not register a rule with the 'kv.rules' object
        //
        // Example:
        // var test = ko.observable('something').extend{(
        //      validation: {
        //          validator: function(val, someOtherVal){
        //              return true;
        //          },
        //          message: "Something must be really wrong!',
        //          params: true
        //      }
        //  )};
        addAnonymousRule: function (observable, ruleObj) {
            if (ruleObj['message'] === undefined) {
                ruleObj['message'] = 'Error';
            }

            //make sure onlyIf is honoured
            if (ruleObj.onlyIf) {
                ruleObj.condition = ruleObj.onlyIf;
            }

            //add the anonymous rule to the observable
            kv.addRule(observable, ruleObj);
        },

        addExtender: function (ruleName) {
            ko.extenders[ruleName] = function (observable, params) {
                //params can come in a few flavors
                // 1. Just the params to be passed to the validator
                // 2. An object containing the Message to be used and the Params to pass to the validator
                // 3. A condition when the validation rule to be applied
                //
                // Example:
                // var test = ko.observable(3).extend({
                //      max: {
                //          message: 'This special field has a Max of {0}',
                //          params: 2,
                //          onlyIf: function() {
                //                      return specialField.IsVisible();
                //                  }
                //      }
                //  )};
                //
                if (params && (params.message || params.onlyIf)) { //if it has a message or condition object, then its an object literal to use
                    return kv.addRule(observable, {
                        rule: ruleName,
                        message: params.message,
                        params: utils.isEmptyVal(params.params) ? true : params.params,
                        condition: params.onlyIf
                    });
                } else {
                    return kv.addRule(observable, {
                        rule: ruleName,
                        params: params
                    });
                }
            };
        },

        // loops through all kv.rules and adds them as extenders to
        // ko.extenders
        registerExtenders: function () { // root extenders optional, use 'validation' extender if would cause conflicts
            if (configuration.registerExtenders) {
                for (var ruleName in kv.rules) {
                    if (kv.rules.hasOwnProperty(ruleName)) {
                        if (!ko.extenders[ruleName]) {
                            kv.addExtender(ruleName);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        },

        //creates a span next to the @element with the specified error class
        insertValidationMessage: function (element) {
            var span = document.createElement('SPAN');
            span.className = utils.getConfigOptions(element).errorMessageClass;
            utils.insertAfter(element, span);
            return span;
        },

        // if html-5 validation attributes have been specified, this parses
        // the attributes on @element
        parseInputValidationAttributes: function (element, valueAccessor) {
            forEach(kv.configuration.html5Attributes, function (attr) {
                if (utils.hasAttribute(element, attr)) {

                    var params = element.getAttribute(attr) || true;

                    if (attr === 'min' || attr === 'max')
                    {
                        // If we're validating based on the min and max attributes, we'll
                        // need to know what the 'type' attribute is set to
                        var typeAttr = element.getAttribute('type');
                        if (typeof typeAttr === "undefined" || !typeAttr)
                        {
                            // From http://www.w3.org/TR/html-markup/input:
                            //   An input element with no type attribute specified represents the 
                            //   same thing as an input element with its type attribute set to "text".
                            typeAttr = "text"; 
                        }                            
                        params = {typeAttr: typeAttr, value: params}; 
                    }
                
                    kv.addRule(valueAccessor(), {
                        rule: attr,
                        params: params
                    });
                }
            });

            var currentType = element.getAttribute('type');
            forEach(kv.configuration.html5InputTypes, function (type) {
                if (type === currentType) {
                    kv.addRule(valueAccessor(), {
                        rule: (type === 'date') ? 'dateISO' : type,
                        params: true
                    });
                }
            });
        },

        // writes html5 validation attributes on the element passed in
        writeInputValidationAttributes: function (element, valueAccessor) {
            var observable = valueAccessor();

            if (!observable || !observable.rules) {
                return;
            }

            var contexts = observable.rules(); // observable array

            // loop through the attributes and add the information needed
            forEach(kv.configuration.html5Attributes, function (attr) {
                var params;
                var ctx = koUtils.arrayFirst(contexts, function (ctx) {
                    return ctx.rule.toLowerCase() === attr.toLowerCase();
                });

                if (!ctx) {
                    return;
                }

                params = ctx.params;

                // we have to do some special things for the pattern validation
                if (ctx.rule === "pattern") {
                    if (ctx.params instanceof RegExp) {
                        params = ctx.params.source; // we need the pure string representation of the RegExpr without the //gi stuff
                    }
                }

                // we have a rule matching a validation attribute at this point
                // so lets add it to the element along with the params
                element.setAttribute(attr, params);
            });

            contexts = null;
        },

        //take an existing binding handler and make it cause automatic validations
        makeBindingHandlerValidatable: function (handlerName) {
            var init = ko.bindingHandlers[handlerName].init;

            ko.bindingHandlers[handlerName].init = function (element, valueAccessor, allBindingsAccessor, viewModel, bindingContext) {

                init(element, valueAccessor, allBindingsAccessor, viewModel, bindingContext);

                return ko.bindingHandlers['validationCore'].init(element, valueAccessor, allBindingsAccessor, viewModel, bindingContext);
            };
        },

        // visit an objects properties and apply validation rules from a definition
        setRules: function (target, definition) {
            var setRules = function (target, definition) {
                if (!target || !definition) { return; }

                for (var prop in definition) {
                    if (!definition.hasOwnProperty(prop)) { continue; }
                    var ruleDefinitions = definition[prop];

                    //check the target property exists and has a value
                    if (!target[prop]) { continue; }
                    var targetValue = target[prop],
                        unwrappedTargetValue = unwrap(targetValue),
                        rules = {},
                        nonRules = {};

                    for (var rule in ruleDefinitions) {
                        if (!ruleDefinitions.hasOwnProperty(rule)) { continue; }
                        if (kv.rules[rule]) {
                            rules[rule] = ruleDefinitions[rule];
                        } else {
                            nonRules[rule] = ruleDefinitions[rule];
                        }
                    }

                    //apply rules
                    if (ko.isObservable(targetValue)) {
                        targetValue.extend(rules);
                    }

                    //then apply child rules
                    //if it's an array, apply rules to all children
                    if (unwrappedTargetValue && utils.isArray(unwrappedTargetValue)) {
                        for (var i = 0; i < unwrappedTargetValue.length; i++) {
                            setRules(unwrappedTargetValue[i], nonRules);
                        }
                        //otherwise, just apply to this property
                    } else {
                        setRules(unwrappedTargetValue, nonRules);
                    }
                }
            };
            setRules(target, definition);
        }
    };

}());

// expose api publicly
extend(ko.validation, api);;//Validation Rules:
// You can view and override messages or rules via:
// kv.rules[ruleName]
//
// To implement a custom Rule, simply use this template:
// kv.rules['<custom rule name>'] = {
//      validator: function (val, param) {
//          <custom logic>
//          return <true or false>;
//      },
//      message: '<custom validation message>' //optionally you can also use a '{0}' to denote a placeholder that will be replaced with your 'param'
// };
//
// Example:
// kv.rules['mustEqual'] = {
//      validator: function( val, mustEqualVal ){
//          return val === mustEqualVal;
//      },
//      message: 'This field must equal {0}'
// };
//
kv.rules = {};
kv.rules['required'] = {
    validator: function (val, required) {
        var stringTrimRegEx = /^s+|s+$/g,
            testVal;

        if (val === undefined || val === null) {
            return !required;
        }

        testVal = val;
        if (typeof (val) === "string") {
            testVal = val.replace(stringTrimRegEx, '');
        }

        if (!required) {// if they passed: { required: false }, then don't require this
            return true;
        }

        return ((testVal + '').length > 0);
    },
    message: 'This field is required.'
};

function minMaxValidatorFactory(validatorName) {
    var isMaxValidation = validatorName === "max";

    return function (val, options) {
        if (kv.utils.isEmptyVal(val)) {
            return true;
        }

        var comparisonValue, type;
        if (options.typeAttr === undefined) {
            // This validator is being called from javascript rather than
            // being bound from markup
            type = "text";
            comparisonValue = options;
        } else {
            type = options.typeAttr;
            comparisonValue = options.value;
        }

        // From http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-html5-20121025/common-input-element-attributes.html#attr-input-min,
        // if the value is parseable to a number, then the minimum should be numeric
        if (!isNaN(comparisonValue)) {
            type = "number";
        }

        var regex, valMatches, comparisonValueMatches;
        switch (type.toLowerCase()) {
            case "week":
                regex = /^(d{4})-W(d{2})$/;
                valMatches = val.match(regex);
                if (valMatches === null) {
                    throw "Invalid value for " + validatorName + " attribute for week input.  Should look like " +
                        "'2000-W33' http://www.w3.org/TR/html-markup/input.week.html#input.week.attrs.min";
                }
                comparisonValueMatches = comparisonValue.match(regex);
                // If no regex matches were found, validation fails
                if (!comparisonValueMatches) {
                    return false;
                }

                if (isMaxValidation) {
                    return (valMatches[1] < comparisonValueMatches[1]) || // older year
                        // same year, older week
                        ((valMatches[1] === comparisonValueMatches[1]) && (valMatches[2] <= comparisonValueMatches[2]));
                } else {
                    return (valMatches[1] > comparisonValueMatches[1]) || // newer year
                        // same year, newer week
                        ((valMatches[1] === comparisonValueMatches[1]) && (valMatches[2] >= comparisonValueMatches[2]));
                }
                break;

            case "month":
                regex = /^(d{4})-(d{2})$/;
                valMatches = val.match(regex);
                if (valMatches === null) {
                    throw "Invalid value for " + validatorName + " attribute for month input.  Should look like " +
                        "'2000-03' http://www.w3.org/TR/html-markup/input.month.html#input.month.attrs.min";
                }
                comparisonValueMatches = comparisonValue.match(regex);
                // If no regex matches were found, validation fails
                if (!comparisonValueMatches) {
                    return false;
                }

                if (isMaxValidation) {
                    return ((valMatches[1] < comparisonValueMatches[1]) || // older year
                        // same year, older month
                        ((valMatches[1] === comparisonValueMatches[1]) && (valMatches[2] <= comparisonValueMatches[2])));
                } else {
                    return (valMatches[1] > comparisonValueMatches[1]) || // newer year
                        // same year, newer month
                        ((valMatches[1] === comparisonValueMatches[1]) && (valMatches[2] >= comparisonValueMatches[2]));
                }
                break;

            case "number":
            case "range":
                if (isMaxValidation) {
                    return (!isNaN(val) && parseFloat(val) <= parseFloat(comparisonValue));
                } else {
                    return (!isNaN(val) && parseFloat(val) >= parseFloat(comparisonValue));
                }
                break;

            default:
                if (isMaxValidation) {
                    return val <= comparisonValue;
                } else {
                    return val >= comparisonValue;
                }
        }
    };
}

kv.rules['min'] = {
    validator: minMaxValidatorFactory("min"),
    message: 'Please enter a value greater than or equal to {0}.'
};

kv.rules['max'] = {
    validator: minMaxValidatorFactory("max"),
    message: 'Please enter a value less than or equal to {0}.'
};
    
kv.rules['minLength'] = {
    validator: function (val, minLength) {
        return kv.utils.isEmptyVal(val) || val.length >= minLength;
    },
    message: 'Please enter at least {0} characters.'
};

kv.rules['maxLength'] = {
    validator: function (val, maxLength) {
        return kv.utils.isEmptyVal(val) || val.length <= maxLength;
    },
    message: 'Please enter no more than {0} characters.'
};

kv.rules['pattern'] = {
    validator: function (val, regex) {
        return kv.utils.isEmptyVal(val) || val.toString().match(regex) !== null;
    },
    message: 'Please check this value.'
};

kv.rules['step'] = {
    validator: function (val, step) {

        // in order to handle steps of .1 & .01 etc.. Modulus won't work
        // if the value is a decimal, so we have to correct for that
        if (kv.utils.isEmptyVal(val) || step === 'any') { return true; }
        var dif = (val * 100) % (step * 100);
        return Math.abs(dif) < 0.00001 || Math.abs(1 - dif) < 0.00001;
    },
    message: 'The value must increment by {0}'
};

kv.rules['email'] = {
    validator: function (val, validate) {
        if (!validate) { return true; }

        //I think an empty email address is also a valid entry
        //if one want's to enforce entry it should be done with 'required: true'
        return kv.utils.isEmptyVal(val) || (
            // jquery validate regex - thanks Scott Gonzalez
            validate && /^((([a-z]|d|[!#$%&'*+-/=?^_`{|}~]|[u00A0-uD7FFuF900-uFDCFuFDF0-uFFEF])+(.([a-z]|d|[!#$%&'*+-/=?^_`{|}~]|[u00A0-uD7FFuF900-uFDCFuFDF0-uFFEF])+)*)|((x22)((((x20|x09)*(x0dx0a))?(x20|x09)+)?(([x01-x08x0bx0cx0e-x1fx7f]|x21|[x23-x5b]|[x5d-x7e]|[u00A0-uD7FFuF900-uFDCFuFDF0-uFFEF])|(\([x01-x09x0bx0cx0d-x7f]|[u00A0-uD7FFuF900-uFDCFuFDF0-uFFEF]))))*(((x20|x09)*(x0dx0a))?(x20|x09)+)?(x22)))@((([a-z]|d|[u00A0-uD7FFuF900-uFDCFuFDF0-uFFEF])|(([a-z]|d|[u00A0-uD7FFuF900-uFDCFuFDF0-uFFEF])([a-z]|d|-|.|_|~|[u00A0-uD7FFuF900-uFDCFuFDF0-uFFEF])*([a-z]|d|[u00A0-uD7FFuF900-uFDCFuFDF0-uFFEF]))).)+(([a-z]|[u00A0-uD7FFuF900-uFDCFuFDF0-uFFEF])|(([a-z]|[u00A0-uD7FFuF900-uFDCFuFDF0-uFFEF])([a-z]|d|-|.|_|~|[u00A0-uD7FFuF900-uFDCFuFDF0-uFFEF])*([a-z]|[u00A0-uD7FFuF900-uFDCFuFDF0-uFFEF])))$/i.test(val)
        );
    },
    message: 'Please enter a proper email address'
};

kv.rules['date'] = {
    validator: function (value, validate) {
        if (!validate) { return true; }
        return kv.utils.isEmptyVal(value) || (validate && !/Invalid|NaN/.test(new Date(value)));
    },
    message: 'Please enter a proper date'
};

kv.rules['dateISO'] = {
    validator: function (value, validate) {
        if (!validate) { return true; }
        return kv.utils.isEmptyVal(value) || (validate && /^d{4}[/-]d{1,2}[/-]d{1,2}$/.test(value));
    },
    message: 'Please enter a proper date'
};

kv.rules['number'] = {
    validator: function (value, validate) {
        if (!validate) { return true; }
        return kv.utils.isEmptyVal(value) || (validate && /^-?(?:d+|d{1,3}(?:,d{3})+)?(?:.d+)?$/.test(value));
    },
    message: 'Please enter a number'
};

kv.rules['digit'] = {
    validator: function (value, validate) {
        if (!validate) { return true; }
        return kv.utils.isEmptyVal(value) || (validate && /^d+$/.test(value));
    },
    message: 'Please enter a digit'
};

kv.rules['phoneUS'] = {
    validator: function (phoneNumber, validate) {
        if (!validate) { return true; }
        if (kv.utils.isEmptyVal(phoneNumber)) { return true; } // makes it optional, use 'required' rule if it should be required
        if (typeof (phoneNumber) !== 'string') { return false; }
        phoneNumber = phoneNumber.replace(/s+/g, "");
        return validate && phoneNumber.length > 9 && phoneNumber.match(/^(1-?)?(([2-9]d{2})|[2-9]d{2})-?[2-9]d{2}-?d{4}$/);
    },
    message: 'Please specify a valid phone number'
};

kv.rules['equal'] = {
    validator: function (val, params) {
        var otherValue = params;
        return val === kv.utils.getValue(otherValue);
    },
    message: 'Values must equal'
};

kv.rules['notEqual'] = {
    validator: function (val, params) {
        var otherValue = params;
        return val !== kv.utils.getValue(otherValue);
    },
    message: 'Please choose another value.'
};

//unique in collection
// options are:
//    collection: array or function returning (observable) array
//              in which the value has to be unique
//    valueAccessor: function that returns value from an object stored in collection
//              if it is null the value is compared directly
//    external: set to true when object you are validating is automatically updating collection
kv.rules['unique'] = {
    validator: function (val, options) {
        var c = kv.utils.getValue(options.collection),
            external = kv.utils.getValue(options.externalValue),
            counter = 0;

        if (!val || !c) { return true; }

        koUtils.arrayFilter(c, function (item) {
            if (val === (options.valueAccessor ? options.valueAccessor(item) : item)) { counter++; }
        });
        // if value is external even 1 same value in collection means the value is not unique
        return counter < (!!external ? 1 : 2);
    },
    message: 'Please make sure the value is unique.'
};


//now register all of these!
(function () {
    kv.registerExtenders();
}());
;// The core binding handler
// this allows us to setup any value binding that internally always
// performs the same functionality
ko.bindingHandlers['validationCore'] = (function () {

    return {
        init: function (element, valueAccessor, allBindingsAccessor, viewModel, bindingContext) {
            var config = kv.utils.getConfigOptions(element);
            var observable = valueAccessor();

            // parse html5 input validation attributes, optional feature
            if (config.parseInputAttributes) {
                kv.utils.async(function () { kv.parseInputValidationAttributes(element, valueAccessor); });
            }

            // if requested insert message element and apply bindings
            if (config.insertMessages && kv.utils.isValidatable(observable)) {

                // insert the <span></span>
                var validationMessageElement = kv.insertValidationMessage(element);

                // if we're told to use a template, make sure that gets rendered
                if (config.messageTemplate) {
                    ko.renderTemplate(config.messageTemplate, { field: observable }, null, validationMessageElement, 'replaceNode');
                } else {
                    ko.applyBindingsToNode(validationMessageElement, { validationMessage: observable });
                }
            }

            // write the html5 attributes if indicated by the config
            if (config.writeInputAttributes && kv.utils.isValidatable(observable)) {

                kv.writeInputValidationAttributes(element, valueAccessor);
            }

            // if requested, add binding to decorate element
            if (config.decorateInputElement && kv.utils.isValidatable(observable)) {
                ko.applyBindingsToNode(element, { validationElement: observable });
            }
        }
    };

}());

// override for KO's default 'value' and 'checked' bindings
kv.makeBindingHandlerValidatable("value");
kv.makeBindingHandlerValidatable("checked");


ko.bindingHandlers['validationMessage'] = { // individual error message, if modified or post binding
    update: function (element, valueAccessor) {
        var obsv = valueAccessor(),
            config = kv.utils.getConfigOptions(element),
            val = unwrap(obsv),
            msg = null,
            isModified = false,
            isValid = false;

        if (!obsv.isValid || !obsv.isModified) {
            throw new Error("Observable is not validatable");
        }

        isModified = obsv.isModified();
        isValid = obsv.isValid();

        var error = null;
        if (!config.messagesOnModified || isModified) {
            error = isValid ? null : obsv.error;
        }

        var isVisible = !config.messagesOnModified || isModified ? !isValid : false;
        var isCurrentlyVisible = element.style.display !== "none";

        if (config.allowHtmlMessages) {
            koUtils.setHtml(element, error);
        } else {
            ko.bindingHandlers.text.update(element, function () { return error; });
        }

        if (isCurrentlyVisible && !isVisible) {
            element.style.display = 'none';
        } else if (!isCurrentlyVisible && isVisible) {
            element.style.display = '';
        }
    }
};

ko.bindingHandlers['validationElement'] = {
    update: function (element, valueAccessor, allBindingsAccessor) {
        var obsv = valueAccessor(),
            config = kv.utils.getConfigOptions(element),
            val = unwrap(obsv),
            msg = null,
            isModified = false,
            isValid = false;

        if (!obsv.isValid || !obsv.isModified) {
            throw new Error("Observable is not validatable");
        }

        isModified = obsv.isModified();
        isValid = obsv.isValid();

        // create an evaluator function that will return something like:
        // css: { validationElement: true }
        var cssSettingsAccessor = function () {
            var css = {};

            var shouldShow = ((!config.decorateElementOnModified || isModified) ? !isValid : false);

            // css: { validationElement: false }
            css[config.errorElementClass] = shouldShow;

            return css;
        };

        //add or remove class on the element;
        ko.bindingHandlers.css.update(element, cssSettingsAccessor, allBindingsAccessor);
        if (!config.errorsAsTitle) { return; }

        ko.bindingHandlers.attr.update(element, function () {
            var
                hasModification = !config.errorsAsTitleOnModified || isModified,
                title = kv.utils.getOriginalElementTitle(element);

            if (hasModification && !isValid) {
                return { title: obsv.error, 'data-orig-title': title };
            } else if (!hasModification || isValid) {
                return { title: title, 'data-orig-title': null };
            }
        });
    }
};

// ValidationOptions:
// This binding handler allows you to override the initial config by setting any of the options for a specific element or context of elements
//
// Example:
// <div data-bind="validationOptions: { insertMessages: true, messageTemplate: 'customTemplate', errorMessageClass: 'mySpecialClass'}">
//      <input type="text" data-bind="value: someValue"/>
//      <input type="text" data-bind="value: someValue2"/>
// </div>
ko.bindingHandlers['validationOptions'] = (function () {
    return {
        init: function (element, valueAccessor, allBindingsAccessor, viewModel, bindingContext) {
            var options = unwrap(valueAccessor());
            if (options) {
                var newConfig = extend({}, kv.configuration);
                extend(newConfig, options);

                //store the validation options on the node so we can retrieve it later
                kv.utils.setDomData(element, newConfig);
            }
        }
    };
}());
;// Validation Extender:
// This is for creating custom validation logic on the fly
// Example:
// var test = ko.observable('something').extend{(
//      validation: {
//          validator: function(val, someOtherVal){
//              return true;
//          },
//          message: "Something must be really wrong!',
//          params: true
//      }
//  )};
ko.extenders['validation'] = function (observable, rules) { // allow single rule or array
    forEach(kv.utils.isArray(rules) ? rules : [rules], function (rule) {
        // the 'rule' being passed in here has no name to identify a core Rule,
        // so we add it as an anonymous rule
        // If the developer is wanting to use a core Rule, but use a different message see the 'addExtender' logic for examples
        kv.addAnonymousRule(observable, rule);
    });
    return observable;
};

//This is the extender that makes a Knockout Observable also 'Validatable'
//examples include:
// 1. var test = ko.observable('something').extend({validatable: true});
// this will ensure that the Observable object is setup properly to respond to rules
//
// 2. test.extend({validatable: false});
// this will remove the validation properties from the Observable object should you need to do that.
ko.extenders['validatable'] = function (observable, options) {
    if (!kv.utils.isObject(options)) {
        options = { enable: options };
    }

    if (!('enable' in options)) {
        options.enable = true;
    }

    if (options.enable && !kv.utils.isValidatable(observable)) {
        var config = kv.configuration.validate || {};
        var validationOptions = {
            throttleEvaluation : options.throttle || config.throttle
        };

        observable.error = ko.observable(null); // holds the error message, we only need one since we stop processing validators when one is invalid

        // observable.rules:
        // ObservableArray of Rule Contexts, where a Rule Context is simply the name of a rule and the params to supply to it
        //
        // Rule Context = { rule: '<rule name>', params: '<passed in params>', message: '<Override of default Message>' }
        observable.rules = ko.observableArray(); //holds the rule Contexts to use as part of validation

        //in case async validation is occuring
        observable.isValidating = ko.observable(false);

        //the true holder of whether the observable is valid or not
        observable.__valid__ = ko.observable(true);

        observable.isModified = ko.observable(false);

        // a semi-protected observable
        observable.isValid = ko.computed(observable.__valid__);

        //manually set error state
        observable.setError = function (error) {
            observable.error(error);
            observable.__valid__(false);
        };

        //manually clear error state
        observable.clearError = function () {
            observable.error(null);
            observable.__valid__(true);
            return observable;
        };

        //subscribe to changes in the observable
        var h_change = observable.subscribe(function () {
            observable.isModified(true);
        });

        // we use a computed here to ensure that anytime a dependency changes, the
        // validation logic evaluates
        var h_obsValidationTrigger = ko.computed(extend({
            read: function () {
                var obs = observable(),
                    ruleContexts = observable.rules();

                kv.validateObservable(observable);

                return true;
            }
        }, validationOptions));

        extend(h_obsValidationTrigger, validationOptions);

        observable._disposeValidation = function () {
            //first dispose of the subscriptions
            observable.isValid.dispose();
            observable.rules.removeAll();
            if (observable.isModified.getSubscriptionsCount() > 0) {
                observable.isModified._subscriptions['change'] = [];
            }
            if (observable.isValidating.getSubscriptionsCount() > 0) {
                observable.isValidating._subscriptions['change'] = [];
            }
            if (observable.__valid__.getSubscriptionsCount() > 0) {
                observable.__valid__._subscriptions['change'] = [];
            }
            h_change.dispose();
            h_obsValidationTrigger.dispose();

            delete observable['rules'];
            delete observable['error'];
            delete observable['isValid'];
            delete observable['isValidating'];
            delete observable['__valid__'];
            delete observable['isModified'];
        };
    } else if (options.enable === false && observable._disposeValidation) {
        observable._disposeValidation();
    }
    return observable;
};

function validateSync(observable, rule, ctx) {
    //Execute the validator and see if its valid
    if (!rule.validator(observable(), (ctx.params === undefined ? true : unwrap(ctx.params)))) { // default param is true, eg. required = true

        //not valid, so format the error message and stick it in the 'error' variable
        observable.setError(kv.formatMessage(
                    ctx.message || rule.message,
                    unwrap(ctx.params),
                    observable));
        return false;
    } else {
        return true;
    }
}

function validateAsync(observable, rule, ctx) {
    observable.isValidating(true);

    var callBack = function (valObj) {
        var isValid = false,
            msg = '';

        if (!observable.__valid__()) {

            // since we're returning early, make sure we turn this off
            observable.isValidating(false);

            return; //if its already NOT valid, don't add to that
        }

        //we were handed back a complex object
        if (valObj['message']) {
            isValid = valObj.isValid;
            msg = valObj.message;
        } else {
            isValid = valObj;
        }

        if (!isValid) {
            //not valid, so format the error message and stick it in the 'error' variable
            observable.error(kv.formatMessage(
                msg || ctx.message || rule.message,
                unwrap(ctx.params),
                observable));
            observable.__valid__(isValid);
        }

        // tell it that we're done
        observable.isValidating(false);
    };

    //fire the validator and hand it the callback
    rule.validator(observable(), unwrap(ctx.params || true), callBack);
}

kv.validateObservable = function (observable) {
    var i = 0,
        rule, // the rule validator to execute
        ctx, // the current Rule Context for the loop
        ruleContexts = observable.rules(), //cache for iterator
        len = ruleContexts.length; //cache for iterator

    for (; i < len; i++) {

        //get the Rule Context info to give to the core Rule
        ctx = ruleContexts[i];

        // checks an 'onlyIf' condition
        if (ctx.condition && !ctx.condition()) {
            continue;
        }

        //get the core Rule to use for validation
        rule = ctx.rule ? kv.rules[ctx.rule] : ctx;

        if (rule['async'] || ctx['async']) {
            //run async validation
            validateAsync(observable, rule, ctx);

        } else {
            //run normal sync validation
            if (!validateSync(observable, rule, ctx)) {
                return false; //break out of the loop
            }
        }
    }
    //finally if we got this far, make the observable valid again!
    observable.clearError();
    return true;
};
;
//quick function to override rule messages
kv.localize = function (msgTranslations) {

    var msg, rule;

    //loop the properties in the object and assign the msg to the rule
    for (rule in msgTranslations) {
        if (kv.rules.hasOwnProperty(rule)) {
            kv.rules[rule].message = msgTranslations[rule];
        }
    }
};;ko.applyBindingsWithValidation = function (viewModel, rootNode, options) {
    var len = arguments.length,
        node, config;

    if (len > 2) { // all parameters were passed
        node = rootNode;
        config = options;
    } else if (len < 2) {
        node = document.body;
    } else { //have to figure out if they passed in a root node or options
        if (arguments[1].nodeType) { //its a node
            node = rootNode;
        } else {
            config = arguments[1];
        }
    }

    kv.init();

    if (config) { kv.utils.setDomData(node, config); }

    ko.applyBindings(viewModel, rootNode);
};

//override the original applyBindings so that we can ensure all new rules and what not are correctly registered
var origApplyBindings = ko.applyBindings;
ko.applyBindings = function (viewModel, rootNode) {

    kv.init();

    origApplyBindings(viewModel, rootNode);
};

ko.validatedObservable = function (initialValue) {
    if (!kv.utils.isObject(initialValue)) { return ko.observable(initialValue).extend({ validatable: true }); }

    var obsv = ko.observable(initialValue);
    obsv.isValid = ko.observable();
    obsv.errors = kv.group(initialValue);
    obsv.errors.subscribe(function (errors) {
        obsv.isValid(errors.length === 0);
    });

    return obsv;
};
;}));

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