SQL必知必会

SQL必知必会（Book 【美】 Ben Forta）

首先创建表 和 测试数据，之后是各章中的基于Oracle DB的SQL 练习语句。

创建表

---------------------------------------------
-- Sams Teach Yourself SQL in 10 Minutes
-- http://forta.com/books/0672336073/
-- Example table creation scripts for Oracle.
---------------------------------------------


-------------------------
-- Create Customers table
-------------------------
CREATE TABLE Customers
(
  cust_id      char(10)  NOT NULL ,
  cust_name    char(50)  NOT NULL ,
  cust_address char(50)  NULL ,
  cust_city    char(50)  NULL ,
  cust_state   char(5)   NULL ,
  cust_zip     char(10)  NULL ,
  cust_country char(50)  NULL ,
  cust_contact char(50)  NULL ,
  cust_email   char(255) NULL 
);

--------------------------
-- Create OrderItems table
--------------------------
CREATE TABLE OrderItems
(
  order_num  int          NOT NULL ,
  order_item int          NOT NULL ,
  prod_id    char(10)     NOT NULL ,
  quantity   int          NOT NULL ,
  item_price decimal(8,2) NOT NULL 
);

----------------------
-- Create Orders table
----------------------
CREATE TABLE Orders
(
  order_num  int      NOT NULL ,
  order_date date     NOT NULL ,
  cust_id    char(10) NOT NULL 
);

------------------------
-- Create Products table
------------------------
CREATE TABLE Products
(
  prod_id    char(10)      NOT NULL ,
  vend_id    char(10)      NOT NULL ,
  prod_name  char(255)     NOT NULL ,
  prod_price decimal(8,2)  NOT NULL ,
  prod_desc  varchar(1000) NULL 
);

-----------------------
-- Create Vendors table
-----------------------
CREATE TABLE Vendors
(
  vend_id      char(10) NOT NULL ,
  vend_name    char(50) NOT NULL ,
  vend_address char(50) NULL ,
  vend_city    char(50) NULL ,
  vend_state   char(5)  NULL ,
  vend_zip     char(10) NULL ,
  vend_country char(50) NULL 
);

----------------------
-- Define primary keys
----------------------
ALTER TABLE Customers ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Customers PRIMARY KEY (cust_id);
ALTER TABLE OrderItems ADD CONSTRAINT PK_OrderItems PRIMARY KEY (order_num, order_item);
ALTER TABLE Orders ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Orders PRIMARY KEY (order_num);
ALTER TABLE Products ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Products PRIMARY KEY (prod_id);
ALTER TABLE Vendors ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Vendors PRIMARY KEY (vend_id);

----------------------
-- Define foreign keys
----------------------
ALTER TABLE OrderItems
ADD CONSTRAINT FK_OrderItems_Orders FOREIGN KEY (order_num) REFERENCES Orders (order_num);
ALTER TABLE OrderItems
ADD CONSTRAINT FK_OrderItems_Products FOREIGN KEY (prod_id) REFERENCES Products (prod_id);
ALTER TABLE Orders
ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Orders_Customers FOREIGN KEY (cust_id) REFERENCES Customers (cust_id);
ALTER TABLE Products
ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Products_Vendors FOREIGN KEY (vend_id) REFERENCES Vendors (vend_id);

创建测试数据

-----------------------------------------------
-- Sams Teach Yourself SQL in 10 Minutes
-- http://forta.com/books/0672336073/
-- Example table population scripts for Oracle.
-----------------------------------------------


---------------------------
-- Populate Customers table
---------------------------
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email)
VALUES('1000000001', 'Village Toys', '200 Maple Lane', 'Detroit', 'MI', '44444', 'USA', 'John Smith', 'sales@villagetoys.com');
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact)
VALUES('1000000002', 'Kids Place', '333 South Lake Drive', 'Columbus', 'OH', '43333', 'USA', 'Michelle Green');
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email)
VALUES('1000000003', 'Fun4All', '1 Sunny Place', 'Muncie', 'IN', '42222', 'USA', 'Jim Jones', 'jjones@fun4all.com');
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email)
VALUES('1000000004', 'Fun4All', '829 Riverside Drive', 'Phoenix', 'AZ', '88888', 'USA', 'Denise L. Stephens', 'dstephens@fun4all.com');
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact)
VALUES('1000000005', 'The Toy Store', '4545 53rd Street', 'Chicago', 'IL', '54545', 'USA', 'Kim Howard');

-------------------------
-- Populate Vendors table
-------------------------
INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES('BRS01','Bears R Us','123 Main Street','Bear Town','MI','44444', 'USA');
INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES('BRE02','Bear Emporium','500 Park Street','Anytown','OH','44333', 'USA');
INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES('DLL01','Doll House Inc.','555 High Street','Dollsville','CA','99999', 'USA');
INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES('FRB01','Furball Inc.','1000 5th Avenue','New York','NY','11111', 'USA');
INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES('FNG01','Fun and Games','42 Galaxy Road','London', NULL,'N16 6PS', 'England');
INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES('JTS01','Jouets et ours','1 Rue Amusement','Paris', NULL,'45678', 'France');

--------------------------
-- Populate Products table
--------------------------
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('BR01', 'BRS01', '8 inch teddy bear', 5.99, '8 inch teddy bear, comes with cap and jacket');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('BR02', 'BRS01', '12 inch teddy bear', 8.99, '12 inch teddy bear, comes with cap and jacket');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('BR03', 'BRS01', '18 inch teddy bear', 11.99, '18 inch teddy bear, comes with cap and jacket');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('BNBG01', 'DLL01', 'Fish bean bag toy', 3.49, 'Fish bean bag toy, complete with bean bag worms with which to feed it');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('BNBG02', 'DLL01', 'Bird bean bag toy', 3.49, 'Bird bean bag toy, eggs are not included');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('BNBG03', 'DLL01', 'Rabbit bean bag toy', 3.49, 'Rabbit bean bag toy, comes with bean bag carrots');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('RGAN01', 'DLL01', 'Raggedy Ann', 4.99, '18 inch Raggedy Ann doll');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('RYL01', 'FNG01', 'King doll', 9.49, '12 inch king doll with royal garments and crown');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('RYL02', 'FNG01', 'Queen doll', 9.49, '12 inch queen doll with royal garments and crown');

------------------------
-- Populate Orders table
------------------------
INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20005, TO_DATE('2012-05-01', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), '1000000001');
INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20006, TO_DATE('2012-01-12', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), '1000000003');
INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20007, TO_DATE('2012-01-30', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), '1000000004');
INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20008, TO_DATE('2012-02-03', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), '1000000005');
INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20009, TO_DATE('2012-02-08', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), '1000000001');

----------------------------
-- Populate OrderItems table
----------------------------
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20005, 1, 'BR01', 100, 5.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20005, 2, 'BR03', 100, 10.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20006, 1, 'BR01', 20, 5.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20006, 2, 'BR02', 10, 8.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20006, 3, 'BR03', 10, 11.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20007, 1, 'BR03', 50, 11.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20007, 2, 'BNBG01', 100, 2.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20007, 3, 'BNBG02', 100, 2.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20007, 4, 'BNBG03', 100, 2.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20007, 5, 'RGAN01', 50, 4.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20008, 1, 'RGAN01', 5, 4.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20008, 2, 'BR03', 5, 11.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20008, 3, 'BNBG01', 10, 3.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20008, 4, 'BNBG02', 10, 3.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20008, 5, 'BNBG03', 10, 3.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20009, 1, 'BNBG01', 250, 2.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20009, 2, 'BNBG02', 250, 2.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20009, 3, 'BNBG03', 250, 2.49);

各章SQL练习语句

   -- '_'下划线通配符，只匹配一个字符；'%' 通配符，匹配 0 个、1 个 或 多个任意字符，NULL除外。
   SELECT prod_id,prod_name 
FROM Products
WHERE prod_name LIKE  '__ inch teddy bear %';
-- 方括号[] 通配符用来指定一个字符集。
    -- 例如，找出所有名字以 J 或 M 起头的联系人，可进行如下查询。
SELECT cust_contact
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_contact LIKE '[JM]%'
ORDER BY cust_contact;

SELECT prod_name 
FROM Products
WHERE NOT vend_id = 'DLL01'
ORDER BY prod_name;

SELECT RTRIM(vend_name) || ' (' || RTRIM(VEND_COUNTRY) || ')' AS vend_title
FROM Vendors
ORDER BY vend_name;

SELECT vend_name || ' (' || VEND_COUNTRY || ')' 
FROM Vendors
ORDER BY vend_name;

SELECT prod_id ,quantity, item_price,quantity * item_price AS expanded_price
FROM OrderItems
WHERE order_num = 20008;

SELECT vend_name ,UPPER(vend_name) AS vned_name_upcase
FROM Vendors
ORDER BY vend_name;

SELECT cust_name,cust_contact
FROM Customers
WHERE SOUNDEX(cust_contact) = SOUNDEX('Michael Green');

SELECT order_num
FROM Orders
WHERE to_number(to_char(order_date, 'YYYY')) = 2012;

SELECT AVG(DISTINCT prod_price) as avg_price 
FROM Products
WHERE vend_id = 'DLL01';
SELECT * -- count(cust_email) AS num_cust
FROM Customers


SELECT COUNT(*) AS num_prods
FROM Products
WHERE vend_id = 'DLL01';

SELECT vend_id, COUNT(*) AS num_prods
FROM Products
GROUP BY vend_id;

SELECT cust_id,   COUNT(*) AS orders
FROM Orders
GROUP BY cust_id
HAVING COUNT(*) >= 2;
--HAVING to_number(cust_id) >= 1000000001;

SELECT vend_id , COUNT(*) AS num_pords
FROM Products
--WHERE prod_price >=4 
GROUP BY vend_id 
HAVING COUNT(*) >=2 ;

SELECT prod_price
FROM Products
WHERE vend_id = 'DLL01';

SELECT order_num ,COUNT(*) AS items
FROM OrderItems
GROUP By order_num
HAVING COUNT(*) >=3
ORDER BY items, order_num;


SELECT vend_name, RTRIM(prod_name) ,RTRIM(prod_price)
FROM Vendors, Products
WHERE Vendors.vend_id = Products.vend_id

SELECT vend_name, RTRIM(prod_name) AS PROD_NAME ,RTRIM(prod_price)
FROM Vendors INNER JOIN Products
ON Vendors.vend_id = Products.vend_id

SELECT cust_name ,cust_contact
FROM Customers , Orders , OrderItems
WHERE Customers.cust_id = Orders.cust_id
AND OrderItems.order_num = Orders.order_num
AND prod_id = 'RGAN01'

--self join
   -- 作为子查询的SELECT语句只能查询单个列
   -- 嵌套在其他查询中的查询叫做子查询。

SELECT cust_id , cust_name ,cust_contact
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_name IN (SELECT cust_name 
                   FROM Customers
                   WHERE cust_contact = 'Jim Jones')
                
SELECT c1.cust_id , c1.cust_name , c1.cust_contact
FROM Customers  c1 , Customers  c2
WHERE c1.cust_name = c2.cust_name
AND c2.cust_contact = 'Jim Jones';

SELECT Customers.cust_id ,Orders.order_num
FROM Customers INNER JOIN Orders
ON Customers.cust_id = Orders.cust_id;


SELECT Customers.cust_id ,Orders.order_num
FROM Customers LEFT OUTER JOIN Orders
ON Customers.cust_id = Orders.cust_id;

SELECT Customers.cust_id ,COUNT(Orders.order_num) AS num_ord
FROM Customers INNER JOIN Orders
ON Customers.cust_id = Orders.cust_id
GROUP BY Customers.cust_id

--Chapter 14
SELECT cust_name ,cust_contact ,cust_email 
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_state in ('IL', 'IN', 'MI')
UNION --ALL
SELECT cust_name ,cust_contact,cust_email
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_name = 'Fun4All'
ORDER BY cust_name ,cust_contact;

SELECT *
FROM Customers 
WHERE cust_id = '1000000006'

INSERT INTO Customers
VALUES('1000000006' , 'Toy Land', '123 Any Street' , 'New York' , 'NY' , '11111' ,'USA', NULL, NULL)
commit work;

INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id ,cust_name,cust_address,cust_city,cust_state,cust_zip,cust_country)
VALUES('1000000007' , 'Toy Land', '123 Any Street' , 'New York' , 'NY' , '11111' ,'USA');
commit work;

SELECT *
FROM Customers 
WHERE cust_id = '1000000007'

CREATE TABLE CustCopy AS
SELECT * FROM Customers;
commit work;

UPDATE Customers 
SET cust_email = 'kim@thetoystore.com'
WHERE cust_id = '1000000005'

commit work;

SELECT cust_email 
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_id = '1000000005'

UPDATE Customers
SET cust_contact = 'Sam Roberts',
    cust_email = 'sam@toyland.com'
WHERE cust_id = '1000000006'；

commit work;

--To delete of the specified column ,can set the value of that column to null(if allowed)
UPDATE Customers
SET cust_email = NULL
WHERE cust_id = '1000000005';

commit work;

SELECT * 
FROM Custcopy;

DELETE FROM Custcopy

INSERT INTO CustCopy 
SELECT * FROM Customers;
commit work;

DELETE FROM Custcopy 
WHERE cust_id  = '1000000006'

SELECT *
FROM Products;

TRUNCATE TABLE Custcopy;
SELECT * 
FROM Custcopy;

CREATE TABLE TABLE_TEST
( 
  prod_id char(10) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO TABLE_TEST(prod_id) 
VALUES('1234567890');
commit work;

ALTER TABLE Vendors
ADD vend_phone CHAR(20);
commit work;

ALTER TABLE Vendors
DROP COLUMN vend_phone
commit work;

SELECT * 
FROM Custcopy

DROP TABLE Custcopy


-- Chapter 18 Use View 
CREATE VIEW ProductCustomers AS 
SELECT cust_name , cust_contact, prod_id 
FROM Customers, Orders ,OrderItems
WHERE Customers.cust_id = Orders.cust_id
AND OrderItems.order_num = Orders.order_num;

SELECT * FROM ProductCustomers
SELECT cust_name FROM ProductCustomers

SELECT cust_name ,cust_contact 
FROM ProductCustomers
WHERE prod_id = 'RGAN01'

CREATE VIEW VendorLocations AS 
SELECT RTRIM(vend_name) || ' (' || RTRIM(vend_country) || ')' AS vend_title
FROM Vendors;

SELECT * FROM VendorLocations



CREATE PROCEDURE MailingListCount(
  ListCount OUT INTEGER
  )
  IS 
  v_rows INTEGER;
  
  BEGIN 
    SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_rows
    FROM Customers
    WHERE NOT cust_email IS NULL;
    ListCount := v_rows;
 END;
 
VAR ReturnValue NUMBER
EXEC MAILINGLISTCOUNT(:ReturnValue);
 
SELECT * FROM Orders
DELETE FROM Orders
ROLLBACK

SET TRANSACTION
DELETE OrderItems WHERE order_num = 12345;
DELETE Orders WHERE order_num = 12345;
COMMIT;