【Azure Developer】调用SDK的runPowerShellScript方法，在Azure VM中执行PowerShell脚本示例

当需要通过代码的方式执行PowerShell脚本时，可以参考以下的示例。

Azure SDK中提供了两个方法来执行PowerShell脚本 (SDK Source Code: https://github.com/Azure/azure-libraries-for-java/blob/master/azure-mgmt-compute/src/main/java/com/microsoft/azure/management/compute/implementation/VirtualMachineImpl.java#L400)

• public RunCommandResult runPowerShellScript(String groupName, String name, List<String> scriptLines, List<RunCommandInputParameter> scriptParameters)
• public Observable<RunCommandResult> runPowerShellScriptAsync(List<String> scriptLines, List<RunCommandInputParameter> scriptParameters)

在使用的时候，需要注意的是参数scriptLines 和 scriptParameters。 下面部分为关键代码，以Java SDK的同步方法runPowerShellScript为例

        Azure azure = null;

        azure = Azure.authenticate(credentials).withSubscription("xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx");
        
        // 获取虚拟机对象
        VirtualMachine testvm = azure.virtualMachines().getById(
                "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/vm resource group /providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/vm name");
        //testvm.start();
        
        // 准备PowerShell脚本
        List<String> scriptLines = new ArrayList<String>();
        scriptLines.add(" param([string]$arg1, [string]$arg2 )");
        scriptLines.add(" Write-Host This is a sample script with parameters $arg1 and $arg2");
        scriptLines.add(" Get-Host | Select-Object Version");

        //设置参数arg1 和 arg2
        List<RunCommandInputParameter> scriptParameters = new ArrayList<RunCommandInputParameter>();
        RunCommandInputParameter arg1 = new RunCommandInputParameter(){};
        arg1.withName("arg1");
        arg1.withValue("test1");
        RunCommandInputParameter arg2 = new RunCommandInputParameter(){};
        arg2.withName("arg2");
        arg2.withValue("test2");

        scriptParameters.add(arg1);
        scriptParameters.add(arg2);

        //执行 PowerShell
        RunCommandResult rcresult = testvm.runPowerShellScript("vm-rg", "lbpstest01", scriptLines, scriptParameters);

        System.out.println(rcresult.value().get(0).message());
        System.out.println(rcresult.value().get(1).message());

注意：

1. 在获取 azure对象时，需要通过AAD认证。并且当前使用的认证有权限操作所选择的虚拟机（VM)。获取认证信息部分参考博文 “使用Java代码启动Azure VM(虚拟机)”
2. 如PowerShell脚本中需要传入参数，则必须在脚本中进行声明，如：param([string]$arg1, [string]$arg2 )，然后通过scriptParameters对象传入。
3. PowerShell执行成功的结果包含在RunCommandResult对象的Value 1中，如果所输入的PowerShell脚本有语法等操作，则在Value 2中输出详细的异常消息.

在执行PowerShell脚本时，如发现脚本有错误。在RunCommandResult中会返回PowerShell提示的错误信息：

错误的PowerShell脚本

RunCommandResult中的提示消息

示例完整代码：

package org.example;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.microsoft.azure.AzureEnvironment;
import com.microsoft.azure.credentials.ApplicationTokenCredentials;
import com.microsoft.azure.credentials.AzureTokenCredentials;
import com.microsoft.azure.management.Azure;
import com.microsoft.azure.management.compute.*;

/**
 * s Hello world!
 *
 */
public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args)

    {
        //使用AAD Application 方式获取 认证
        AzureTokenCredentials credentials = new ApplicationTokenCredentials("application id",
                "tenant id "securt key",
                AzureEnvironment.AZURE_CHINA);
        Azure azure = null;

        azure = Azure.authenticate(credentials).withSubscription("subscription id");
        
        // 获取虚拟机对象
        VirtualMachine testvm = azure.virtualMachines().getById("resource id");
        //testvm.start();
        
        // 准备PowerShell脚本
        List<String> scriptLines = new ArrayList<String>();
        scriptLines.add(" param([string]$arg1, [string]$arg2)");
        scriptLines.add(" Write-Host This is a sample script with parameters $arg1 and $arg2");
        scriptLines.add(" Get-Host | Select-Object Version");

        //设置参数arg1 和 arg2
        List<RunCommandInputParameter> scriptParameters = new ArrayList<RunCommandInputParameter>();
        RunCommandInputParameter arg1 = new RunCommandInputParameter(){};
        arg1.withName("arg1");
        arg1.withValue("test1");
        RunCommandInputParameter arg2 = new RunCommandInputParameter(){};
        arg2.withName("arg2");
        arg2.withValue("test2");

        scriptParameters.add(arg1);
        scriptParameters.add(arg2);

        //执行 PowerShell
        RunCommandResult rcresult = testvm.runPowerShellScript("vm-rg", "lbpstest01", scriptLines, scriptParameters);

        System.out.println(rcresult.value().get(0).message());
        System.out.println(rcresult.value().get(1).message());

        System.out.println("Hello World!");

    }
}

在POM.XML中引用的SDK Version：

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.microsoft.azure</groupId>
      <artifactId>azure</artifactId>
      <version>1.37.1</version>
    </dependency>

执行结果的正确输出：

参考资料

使用Java代码启动Azure VM(虚拟机): https://www.cnblogs.com/lulight/p/14295089.html

Run PowerShell scripts in your Windows VM by using Run Command: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/run-command#azure-cli

azure-libraries-for-java VirtualMachineImpl.java : https://github.com/Azure/azure-libraries-for-java/blob/master/azure-mgmt-compute/src/main/java/com/microsoft/azure/management/compute/implementation/VirtualMachineImpl.java#L400