Ubuntu 配置

更换源

1. 将原来sources.list文件命名为sources.list.bak, 在新建一个sources.list文件内容为

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

2. sudo apt update 命令更新源

执行脚本添加额外源

#!/bin/bash

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/vim
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install flatabulous-theme
sudo apt-get install numix-icon-theme-circle

2. 打开unity-tweak-tools, 点击theme, 将主题更改为flatabulous, 图标更改为numix-circle

安装搜狗输入法

1. 下载搜狗输入法的deb包
2. 双击安装
3. 打开设置, 点击textEntry, 添加中文

4. 回到设置, 点击language&region, 将输入法改为fcitx

5. 解决乱码

cd ~/.config
sudo rm -rf SogouPY* sogou*

apt

命令

sudo apt-get update 更新源
sudo apt-get install package 安装包
sudo apt-get remove package 删除包
sudo apt-cache search package 搜索软件包
sudo apt-cache show package 获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等
sudo apt-get install package --reinstall 重新安装包
sudo apt-get -f install 修复安装
sudo apt-get remove package --purge 删除包，包括配置文件等
sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境
sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统
sudo apt-cache depends package 了解使用该包依赖那些包
sudo apt-cache rdepends package 查看该包被哪些包依赖
sudo apt-get source package 下载该包的源代码
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包
sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖

工作目录

1. /etc/apt/sources.list -> 存放源目录
2. /var/lib/apt/lists -> 存放源上下载的索引
3. /var/cache/apt -> 存放.deb文件

国内源

1. 清华源: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/

开发者需要安装那些包

1. libssl-dev openssl make build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev wget curl llvm libncurses5-dev xz-utils tk-dev libxml2-dev libxmlsec1-dev libffi-dev
2. git tree vim emacs python-pip clang-format-3.8 gcc g++ clang ant
3. cmake libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev liblapacke-dev libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev libatlas-base-dev gfortran ffmpeg libgtk-3-dev python2.7-dev python3.5-dev -> opencv按照依赖
4. freeglut3-dev mesa-common-dev libgtkglext1 libgtkglext1-dev -> openGL

升级VIM到最新版

1. sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/vim # 如果执行了之前的脚本就不需要了
2. sudo apt update # 如果执行了之前的脚本就不需要了
3. sudo apt install vim

安装oracle-java8

1. sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java # 如果执行了之前的脚本就不需要了
2. sudo apt-get update # 如果执行了之前的脚本就不需要了
3. sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

安装RoboWare Studio

1. sudo apt-get install python-pip
2. pip install pylint # 这里强烈建议先安装pyenv与envirtual配置好Python3的虚拟环境, 并且配置好pip3国内源见我另外一篇博文
3. sudo apt-get install clang-format-3.8
4. 使用sudo dpkg -i 按照从官网上下载过来的robo包
5. pip install -U rosdep rosinstall_generator wstool rosinstall six vcstools # 建议提前安装了虚拟环境
6. pip uninstall em && pip install empy

搭建简单的ftp

1. sudo apt install vsftpd
2. sudo vim /etc/apt/vsftpd.conf

1. 添加local_root=/home/ftpuser/share
2. 扎到chroot_local_user, 去掉注释

3. sudo useradd ftpuser -d /home/ftpuser -s /bin/bash -m
4. sudo passwd ftpuser
5. sudo systemctl restart vsftpd

安装opencv3.2.0

1. 下载opencv

git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git 
cd opencv
git checkout 3.2.0

2. 下载opencv_contrib

git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib.git
cd opencv_contrib
git checkout 3.2.0

3. 下载opencv_extra

git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra.git
cd opencv_extra
git checkout 3.2.0

4. 编译

cd opencv # 刚才下载的opencv目录

mkdir build

cd build

pyenv local cv3
pip install numpy
pip install opencv-python

cmake                                                                                                                                  
    -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE 
    -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local 
    -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=../../opencv_contrib/modules 
    -D OPENCV_TEST_DATA_PATH=../../opencv_extra 
    -D WITH_CUDA=ON 
    -D WITH_CUBLAS=ON 
    -D CUDA_FAST_MATH=ON 
    -D WITH_CUFFT=ON 
    -D WITH_NVCUVID=ON 
    -D WITH_V4L=ON 
    -D WITH_LIBV4L=ON 
    -D WITH_OPENGL=ON 
    -D WITH_FFMPEG=ON 
    -D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=ON 
    -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON 
    -D BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF 
    -D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE=$(which python3) 
    ..




make -j 2
make install

sudo /bin/bash -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf'
sudo ldconfig

cd 到python3用于cv3的虚拟环境的site-packages
cd cv2
将其中.so结尾的重命名为cv2.so

• 在编译opencv3.2.0版本时可能会出现fatal error: hdf5.h: 没有那个文件或目录
  • 解决方案
    • 在opencv_contrib-3.1.0/modules/hdf/include/opencv2/hdf/hdf5.hpp 文件中修改第40行, 将#include <hdf5.h> 修改成#include "/usr/include/hdf5/serial/hdf5.h"
• 如果编译opencv3.1.0, 则需要下载ippicv_linux_20151201.tgz