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  • Ubuntu 配置

    更换源

    1. 将原来sources.list文件命名为sources.list.bak, 在新建一个sources.list文件内容为
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
    
    # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    
    1. sudo apt update 命令更新源

    执行脚本添加额外源

    #!/bin/bash
    
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get upgrade
    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/vim
    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
    sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool
    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa
    
    sudo apt-get update
    
    sudo apt-get install flatabulous-theme
    sudo apt-get install numix-icon-theme-circle
    
    1. 打开unity-tweak-tools, 点击theme, 将主题更改为flatabulous, 图标更改为numix-circle

    安装搜狗输入法

    1. 下载搜狗输入法的deb包
    2. 双击安装
    3. 打开设置, 点击textEntry, 添加中文

    1. 回到设置, 点击language&region, 将输入法改为fcitx

    1. 解决乱码
    cd ~/.config
    sudo rm -rf SogouPY* sogou*
    
    

    apt

    命令

    sudo apt-get update 更新源
    sudo apt-get install package 安装包
    sudo apt-get remove package 删除包
    sudo apt-cache search package 搜索软件包
    sudo apt-cache show package 获取包的相关信息,如说明、大小、版本等
    sudo apt-get install package --reinstall 重新安装包
    sudo apt-get -f install 修复安装
    sudo apt-get remove package --purge 删除包,包括配置文件等
    sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境
    sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包
    sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统
    sudo apt-cache depends package 了解使用该包依赖那些包
    sudo apt-cache rdepends package 查看该包被哪些包依赖
    sudo apt-get source package 下载该包的源代码
    sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包
    sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖

    工作目录

    1. /etc/apt/sources.list -> 存放源目录
    2. /var/lib/apt/lists -> 存放源上下载的索引
    3. /var/cache/apt -> 存放.deb文件

    国内源

    1. 清华源: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/

    开发者需要安装那些包

    1. libssl-dev openssl make build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev wget curl llvm libncurses5-dev xz-utils tk-dev libxml2-dev libxmlsec1-dev libffi-dev
    2. git tree vim emacs python-pip clang-format-3.8 gcc g++ clang ant
    3. cmake libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev liblapacke-dev libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev libatlas-base-dev gfortran ffmpeg libgtk-3-dev python2.7-dev python3.5-dev -> opencv按照依赖
    4. freeglut3-dev mesa-common-dev libgtkglext1 libgtkglext1-dev -> openGL

    升级VIM到最新版

    1. sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/vim # 如果执行了之前的脚本就不需要了
    2. sudo apt update # 如果执行了之前的脚本就不需要了
    3. sudo apt install vim

    安装oracle-java8

    1. sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java # 如果执行了之前的脚本就不需要了
    2. sudo apt-get update # 如果执行了之前的脚本就不需要了
    3. sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

    安装RoboWare Studio

    1. sudo apt-get install python-pip
    2. pip install pylint # 这里强烈建议先安装pyenv与envirtual配置好Python3的虚拟环境, 并且配置好pip3国内源见我另外一篇博文
    3. sudo apt-get install clang-format-3.8
    4. 使用sudo dpkg -i 按照从官网上下载过来的robo包
    5. pip install -U rosdep rosinstall_generator wstool rosinstall six vcstools # 建议提前安装了虚拟环境
    6. pip uninstall em && pip install empy

    搭建简单的ftp

    1. sudo apt install vsftpd
    2. sudo vim /etc/apt/vsftpd.conf
    
    1. 添加local_root=/home/ftpuser/share
    2. 扎到chroot_local_user, 去掉注释
    
    1. sudo useradd ftpuser -d /home/ftpuser -s /bin/bash -m
    2. sudo passwd ftpuser
    3. sudo systemctl restart vsftpd

    安装opencv3.2.0

    1. 下载opencv
    
    git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git 
    cd opencv
    git checkout 3.2.0
    
    1. 下载opencv_contrib
    
    git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib.git
    cd opencv_contrib
    git checkout 3.2.0
    
    1. 下载opencv_extra
    
    git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra.git
    cd opencv_extra
    git checkout 3.2.0
    
    1. 编译
    
    cd opencv # 刚才下载的opencv目录
    
    mkdir build
    
    cd build
    
    pyenv local cv3
    pip install numpy
    pip install opencv-python
    
    cmake                                                                                                                                  
        -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE 
        -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local 
        -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=../../opencv_contrib/modules 
        -D OPENCV_TEST_DATA_PATH=../../opencv_extra 
        -D WITH_CUDA=ON 
        -D WITH_CUBLAS=ON 
        -D CUDA_FAST_MATH=ON 
        -D WITH_CUFFT=ON 
        -D WITH_NVCUVID=ON 
        -D WITH_V4L=ON 
        -D WITH_LIBV4L=ON 
        -D WITH_OPENGL=ON 
        -D WITH_FFMPEG=ON 
        -D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=ON 
        -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON 
        -D BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF 
        -D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE=$(which python3) 
        ..
    
    
    
    
    make -j 2
    make install
    
    sudo /bin/bash -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf'
    sudo ldconfig
    
    cd 到python3用于cv3的虚拟环境的site-packages
    cd cv2
    将其中.so结尾的重命名为cv2.so
    
    • 在编译opencv3.2.0版本时可能会出现fatal error: hdf5.h: 没有那个文件或目录
      • 解决方案
        • 在opencv_contrib-3.1.0/modules/hdf/include/opencv2/hdf/hdf5.hpp 文件中修改第40行, 将#include <hdf5.h> 修改成#include "/usr/include/hdf5/serial/hdf5.h"
    • 如果编译opencv3.1.0, 则需要下载ippicv_linux_20151201.tgz
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/megachen/p/10306615.html
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