nginx + uWSGI + django

前提条件：

• nginx
• django
• uwsgi

安装和配置uwsgi

在虚拟环境下安装uwsgi

pip3 install uwsgi

创建uwsgi.ini

touch uwsgi.ini

配置uwsgi.ini文件
将以下内容填入uwsgi.ini文件，项目名和目录请修改为自己的项目。

[uwsgi]
# Django-related settings
# Django项目本地端口
# http = :8000 # 直接访问的话使用http请求
socket = :8000
# 项目根目录位置
chdir = /djangoweb/
# wsgi.py文件在项目的中的相对位置
wsgi-file = /djangoweb/uwsgi.py
module = djangoweb.wsgi
# 进程设置，无需变动
# master
master = true
# maximum number of worker processes
# 启动4个uwsgi进程
processes = 4
# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
# chmod-socket    = 664
# clear environment on exit
vacuum = true
pidfile=uwsgi.pid
daemonize=uwsgi.log

启动uwsgi
uwsgi在哪个目录启动，就会在哪个目录生成uwsgi.pid和uswgi.log文件。

• 启动：uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini
• 停止：uwsgi --stop uwsgi.pid
• 重启：uwsgi --reload uwsgi.pid
• 强制停止：killall -9 uwsgi

安装和配置Nginx

在服务器上创建目录结构：/blog/
修改目录权限：sudo chmod 777 /var/www/blog
创建static目录，注意顺序是先分配权限，再创建目录：mkdir static
这里/blog/settings.py中的部分设置如下

# 如果DEBUG=True   -> 使用项目目录下static内的静态文件
# 如果DEBUG=False  -> 使用STATIC_ROOT指定目录下的静态文件
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = '/var/www/static/'

# 设置静态文件查找目录
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),
)

# 如果是home路径下则需要先设置目录权限
# 在模板中使用 fileObj.fileFieldName.url 代表网络可访问的资源路径
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'  # 代表访问media的url路径，例如 127.0.0.1/media/1.png
# 无论是否debug，都会访问此路径下的media资源（包括上传和访问）
MEDIA_ROOT = '/media/'

收集所有静态文件到static_root指定目录：python manage.py collectstatic
配置Nginx
进入目录/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/中可以看到一个default文件。
修改default文件为如下内容:

# site_nginx.conf
# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
    # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    # 设置本地服务的端口
    server 127.0.0.1:8000; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}
# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    # 监听主机的端口
    listen      80;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    # server_name .liqian.ink; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8;

    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste

    # 设置媒体文件目录
    # Django media
    location /media  {
        alias /var/www/blog/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }
    # 设置静态文件目录
    location /static {
        alias /var/www/blog/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include     uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }
}

nginx 启动服务

• 启动服务：nginx
• 查看版本：nginx -v
• 重启服务：nginx -s reload
• 停止服务：nginx -s stop

注意事项
每次修改了Django项目中的模板/视图/URL/配置文件，都需要重启uwsgi服务。
修改Nginx配置文件，都需要重启Nginx服务。

后续

发现一个问题，在另外一台机器上部署的时候无法成功进入django进程。
将/etc/nginx/nginx.conf内容设置为如下内容后，重启成功：

user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections 768;
    # multi_accept on;
}

http {

    ##
    # Basic Settings
    ##

    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    keepalive_timeout 65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
    # server_tokens off;

    # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
    # server_name_in_redirect off;

    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    ##
    # SSL Settings
    ##

    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

    ##
    # Logging Settings
    ##

    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

    ##
    # Gzip Settings
    ##

    gzip on;
    gzip_disable "msie6";

    # gzip_vary on;
    # gzip_proxied any;
    # gzip_comp_level 6;
    # gzip_buffers 16 8k;
    # gzip_http_version 1.1;
    # gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

    ##
    # Virtual Host Configs
    ##

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}


#mail {
#   # See sample authentication script at:
#   # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
# 
#   # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
#   # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
#   # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
# 
#   server {
#       listen     localhost:110;
#       protocol   pop3;
#       proxy      on;
#   }
# 
#   server {
#       listen     localhost:143;
#       protocol   imap;
#       proxy      on;
#   }
#}