Mysql-基础+安装指南

安装指南：

 https://www.cnblogs.com/majj/p/9160383.html  小马哥

下载完后初始化操作数据库：

1. 将文件放在 ：

G:软件mysql-8.0.15-winx64in

2. 执行初始化命令

进入 bin目录下 进行初始化

mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql 

3.启动mysql

net start mysql

4. 如果step3 失败的话,执行mysqld -install 命令 ，这个命令需要在admin管理

mysqld -install

5. mysql 8版本可能需要root密码，我们重置一下密码：

1、先关掉系统服务

net stop mysql

2、进入mysql安装目录的bin文件中，以管理员的方式运行cmd，然后输入如下命令，实现无密码登陆

mysqld --console --skip-grant-tables --shared-memory

3、以空密码登入系统

mysql.exe -u root

4、重置密码

UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string='root' WHERE user='root' and host='localhost';

1. 新建数据库,表

1. 创建数据库
mysql> create database maizi1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> create database if not exists maizi default character set "utf8";
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use maizi;
Database changed
mysql>


2. 创建数据库表 user
    create table if not exists user(
    id smallint,
    username varchar(20),
    age tinyint,
    sex  enum("男","女","保密"),
    email varchar(50),
    addr  varchar(200),
    birth YEAR,
    salary float(8,2),
    tel int,
    married tinyint(1) comment "0,代表未婚.非零代表已经结婚."
 )engine =innodb charset =utf8;


3. 创建 数据库表 course
    create table if not exists course(
    cid tinyint,
    couseName varchar(50),
    courseDesc varchar(200)
    ); 

4. 创建表cms
    create table if not exists  cms_cate(
    id tinyint, 
    cateName varchar(50),
    cateDesc varchar(200)
    )engine=myisam charset =utf8;

5. 创建表cms_news
create table if not exists cms_news(
id int,
title varchar(50),
content text, 
pubTime int,
clickNum int, 
isTop tinyint(1) comment "0代表不置顶,1代表置顶."
);

2.查看数据库表

6. 查看表结构

mysql> describe user;
+----------+------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type                   | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id       | smallint(6)            | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| username | varchar(20)            | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age      | tinyint(4)             | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex      | enum('男','女','保密') | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| email    | varchar(50)            | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| addr     | varchar(200)           | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth    | year(4)                | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| salary   | float(8,2)             | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| tel      | int(11)                | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| married  | tinyint(1)             | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

mysql> show columns from user;
+----------+------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type                   | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id       | smallint(6)            | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| username | varchar(20)            | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age      | tinyint(4)             | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex      | enum('男','女','保密') | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| email    | varchar(50)            | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| addr     | varchar(200)           | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth    | year(4)                | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| salary   | float(8,2)             | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| tel      | int(11)                | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| married  | tinyint(1)             | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.创建主键与自增长

7. 创建主键.(可以省掉primary 关键字.)
mysql> create table if not exists user1(
    -> id int primary key,
    -> username varchar(20)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

查看表.
mysql> desc user1;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id       | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| username | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+ -------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>


8.设置复合主键.
mysql> create table if not exists user2(
    -> id int,
    -> username varchar(20),
    -> card char(18),
    -> primary key(id,card)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)


9. 自增长. auto_increment

mysql> create table if not exists user10(
    -> id smallint key auto_increment,
    -> username varchar(20)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> desc user10;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id       | smallint(6) | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| username | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.非空、默认与唯一约束

10. 非空. NOT NULL.

mysql> create table if not exists user7(
    -> id int unsigned key auto_increment,
    -> username varchar(20) not null,
    -> password char(32) not null,
    -> age tinyint unsigned
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)


mysql> desc user7;
+----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id       | int(10) unsigned    | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| username | varchar(20)         | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| password | char(32)            | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| age      | tinyint(3) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> insert user7(username,password) values("king","king")
    -> ;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)


11. DEFAULT 默认值.

mysql> create table if not exists user8(
    -> id int unsigned key auto_increment,
    -> username varchar(20) not null,
    -> password char(32) not null,
    -> age tinyint unsigned default 19,
    -> addr varchar(50) not null default "北京"
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> desc user8
    -> ;
+----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id       | int(10) unsigned    | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| username | varchar(20)         | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| password | char(32)            | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| age      | tinyint(3) unsigned | YES  |     | 19      |                |
| addr     | varchar(50)         | NO   |     | 北京    |                |
+----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)


12. 唯一约束.unique 


mysql> create table if not exists user11(
    -> id tinyint unsigned key auto_increment,
    -> username varchar(20) not null unique ,
    -> card char(18) unique
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> desc user11;
+----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id       | tinyint(3) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| username | varchar(20)         | NO   | UNI | NULL    |                |
| card     | char(18)            | YES  | UNI | NULL    |                |
+----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert user11(username) value("a");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from user11;
+----+----------+------+
| id | username | card |
+----+----------+------+
|  1 | a        | NULL |
+----+----------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

5.重命名、添加字段

13. 重命名表名.
mysql> create table user13(
    -> id smallint unsigned key auto_increment,
    -> username varchar(20)not null unique,
    -> password char(32) not null,
    -> email varchar(50) not null default "393376780@qq.com",
    -> age tinyint unsigned default 18,
    -> addr varchar(200) not null default " 北京",
    -> salary float(6,2),
    -> regTime int unsigned,
    -> face char(100) not null default "default.jpg"
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> desc user13;
+----------+----------------------+------+-----+------------------+----------------+
| Field    | Type                 | Null | Key | Default          | Extra          |
+----------+----------------------+------+-----+------------------+----------------+
| id       | smallint(5) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL             | auto_increment |
| username | varchar(20)          | NO   | UNI | NULL             |                |
| password | char(32)             | NO   |     | NULL             |                |
| email    | varchar(50)          | NO   |     | 393376780@qq.com |                |
| age      | tinyint(3) unsigned  | YES  |     | 18               |                |
| addr     | varchar(200)         | NO   |     |  北京            |                |
| salary   | float(6,2)           | YES  |     | NULL             |                |
| regTime  | int(10) unsigned     | YES  |     | NULL             |                |
| face     | char(100)            | NO   |     | default.jpg      |                |
+----------+----------------------+------+-----+------------------+----------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table user13 rename to user31;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)


mysql> rename table user31 to user13;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)



14. 添加字段.

mysql> alter table user13 add card char(18);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0


#在username字段后面添加字段.
mysql> alter table user13 add test10 int not null default 100 after username;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

#在第一个字段位置添加.
mysql> alter table user13 add test100 int not null default 100 first;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0



15. 删除字段.

mysql> alter table user13 drop test10;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0


16. 修改字段属性

mysql> alter table user13 modify card varchar(200);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0


 
mysql>  alter table user13 change card  cardchange char(44);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc user13;
+------------+----------------------+------+-----+------------------+----------------+
| Field      | Type                 | Null | Key | Default          | Extra          |
+------------+----------------------+------+-----+------------------+----------------+
| test100    | int(11)              | NO   |     | 100              |                |
| id         | smallint(5) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL             | auto_increment |
| username   | varchar(20)          | NO   | UNI | NULL             |                |
| password   | char(32)             | NO   |     | NULL             |                |
| email      | varchar(50)          | NO   |     | 393376780@qq.com |                |
| age        | tinyint(3) unsigned  | YES  |     | 18               |                |
| addr       | varchar(200)         | NO   |     |  北京            |                |
| salary     | float(6,2)           | YES  |     | NULL             |                |
| regTime    | int(10) unsigned     | YES  |     | NULL             |                |
| face       | char(100)            | NO   |     | default.jpg      |                |
| cardchange | char(44)             | YES  |     | NULL             |                |
+------------+----------------------+------+-----+------------------+----------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

6. 主键与索引操作

1. 复合索引.
mysql> alter table user1 add primary key(id,username);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc user1;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id       | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| username | varchar(20) | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
 
 2. 删除主键
 mysql>  alter table user1 drop primary key;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.52 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc user1;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id       | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| username | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3. 唯一索引.

mysql> alter table user1 add unique(username);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc user1;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id       | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| username | varchar(20) | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> alter table user12 add constraint symbol unique key  uni_card(face);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc user12;
+----------+----------------------+------+-----+------------------+----------------+
| Field    | Type                 | Null | Key | Default          | Extra          |
+----------+----------------------+------+-----+------------------+----------------+
| id       | smallint(5) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL             | auto_increment |
| username | varchar(20)          | NO   | UNI | NULL             |                |
| password | char(32)             | NO   |     | NULL             |                |
| email    | varchar(50)          | NO   |     | 393376780@qq.com |                |
| age      | tinyint(3) unsigned  | YES  |     | 18               |                |
| addr     | varchar(200)         | NO   |     |  北京            |                |
| salary   | float(6,2)           | YES  |     | NULL             |                |
| regTime  | int(10) unsigned     | YES  |     | NULL             |                |
| face     | char(100)            | NO   | UNI | default.jpg      |                |
+----------+----------------------+------+-----+------------------+----------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

修改默认引擎.
mysql> alter table user1 ENGINE=MyISAM;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0