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  • 路由网关(zuul)

    一、Zuul简介

    Zuul的主要功能是路由转发和过滤器。路由功能是微服务的一部分,比如/api/user转发到到user服务,/api/shop转发到到shop服务。zuul默认和Ribbon结合实现了负载均衡的功能。

    zuul有以下功能:

    • Authentication
    • Insights
    • Stress Testing
    • Canary Testing
    • Dynamic Routing
    • Service Migration
    • Load Shedding
    • Security
    • Static Response handling
    • Active/Active traffic management

    二、准备工作

    继续使用上一节的工程。在原有的工程上,创建一个新的工程。

    三、创建service-zuul工程

    其pom.xml文件如下:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
        <artifactId>service-zuul</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        <name>service-zuul</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
            <artifactId>sc-f-chapter5</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </project>
    

    在其入口applicaton类加上注解@EnableZuulProxy,开启zuul的功能:

    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableZuulProxy
    @EnableEurekaClient
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    public class ServiceZuulApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run( ServiceZuulApplication.class, args );
        }
    }
    

    加上配置文件application.yml加上以下的配置代码:

    eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
    server:
      port: 8769
    spring:
      application:
        name: service-zuul
    zuul:
      routes:
        api-a:
          path: /api-a/**
          serviceId: service-ribbon
        api-b:
          path: /api-b/**
          serviceId: service-feign

    首先指定服务注册中心的地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/,服务的端口为8769,服务名为service-zuul;以/api-a/ 开头的请求都转发给service-ribbon服务;以/api-b/开头的请求都转发给service-feign服务;

    依次运行这五个工程;打开浏览器访问:http://localhost:8769/api-a/hi?name=forezp ;浏览器显示:

    hi forezp,i am from port:8762

    打开浏览器访问:http://localhost:8769/api-b/hi?name=forezp ;浏览器显示:

    hi forezp,i am from port:8762

    这说明zuul起到了路由的作用

    四、服务过滤

    zuul不仅只是路由,并且还能过滤,做一些安全验证。继续改造工程;

    @Component
    public class MyFilter extends ZuulFilter {
    
        private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyFilter.class);
        @Override
        public String filterType() {
            return "pre";
        }
    
        @Override
        public int filterOrder() {
            return 0;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean shouldFilter() {
            return true;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Object run() {
            RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
            HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
            log.info(String.format("%s >>> %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString()));
            Object accessToken = request.getParameter("token");
            if(accessToken == null) {
                log.warn("token is empty");
                ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
                ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
                try {
                    ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is empty");
                }catch (Exception e){}
    
                return null;
            }
            log.info("ok");
            return null;
        }
    }
      • filterType:返回一个字符串代表过滤器的类型,在zuul中定义了四种不同生命周期的过滤器类型,具体如下: 
        • pre:路由之前
        • routing:路由之时
        • post: 路由之后
        • error:发送错误调用
        • filterOrder:过滤的顺序
        • shouldFilter:这里可以写逻辑判断,是否要过滤,本文true,永远过滤。
        • run:过滤器的具体逻辑。可用很复杂,包括查sql,nosql去判断该请求到底有没有权限访问。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/moxiaotao/p/9670295.html
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