np.diff(a, n=1, axis=-1):n 表示差分的阶数;
>> x = np.array([1, 2, 4, 7, 0]) >> np.diff(x) array([ 1, 2, 3, -7]) >> np.diff(x, n=2) array([ 1, 1, -10])
1. np.histogram
官方文档:numpy.histogram — NumPy v1.12 Manual
- numpy.histogram(a, bins=10, range=None, normed=False, weights=None, density=None)
- 返回值,有两个,
- hist : array
- bin_edges : array of dtype float,bin edges 的长度要是 hist 的长度加1,bin edges (length(hist)+1),也即 (bin_edges[0], bin_edges[1]) ⇒ hist[0],….,(bin_edges[-2], bin_edges[-1]) ⇒ hist[-1],bin_edges 参数与输入参数的 bins 保持一致;
- 返回值,有两个,
>>> a = np.arange(5)
>>> hist, bin_edges = np.histogram(a, density=True)
>>> hist
array([ 0.5, 0. , 0.5, 0. , 0. , 0.5, 0. , 0.5, 0. , 0.5])
>>> hist.sum()
2.4999999999999996
>>> np.sum(hist*np.diff(bin_edges))
1.0
# hist*np.diff(bin_edges) ⇒ 其实表示一种概率分布;