相信做过自动化运维的同学都用过API接口来完成某些动作。API是一套成熟系统所必需的接口,可以被其他系统或脚本来调用,这也是自动化运维的必修课。
本文主要介绍Python中调用API的几种方式,下面是Python中会用到的库。
- urllib2
- httplib2
- pycurl
- requests
1.urllib2
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1 - Sample1 2 3 import urllib2, urllib 4 github_url = 'https://api.github.com/user/repos' 5 password_manager = urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm() 6 password_manager.add_password(None, github_url, 'user', '***') 7 auth = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_manager) # create an authentication handler 8 opener = urllib2.build_opener(auth) # create an opener with the authentication handler 9 urllib2.install_opener(opener) # install the opener... 10 request = urllib2.Request(github_url, urllib.urlencode({'name':'Test repo', 'description': 'Some test repository'})) # Manual encoding required 11 handler = urllib2.urlopen(request) 12 print handler.read() 13 14 - Sample2 15 16 import urllib2 17 url = 'http://ems.vip.ebay.com/removeSIforcloud.cgi?ip=' + ip 18 req = urllib2.Request(url) 19 req.add_header('IAF',abc.token_authiaas) 20 try: 21 resp = urllib2.urlopen(req) 22 except urllib2.HTTPError, error: 23 print "Cannot remove service instance!", error 24 sys.exit(1) 25 response = resp.read() 26 print response 27 28 29 - Sample3 30 31 import urllib2, urllib, base64 32 url = "https://reparo.stratus.ebay.com/reparo/bootstrap/registerasset/" + rackid + "/" + asset 33 data = urllib.urlencode({ 34 'reservedResource':'RR-Hadoop', 35 'resourceCapability':'Production', 36 'movetoironic':'False', 37 'output':'json' 38 }) 39 40 print "Bootstrap Asset jobs starting .............." 41 base64string = base64.encodestring('%s:%s' % (user, passwd)).replace(' ', '') 42 request = urllib2.Request(url, data, headers={"Authorization" : "Basic %s" % base64string}) 43 response = urllib2.urlopen(request).read() 44 response_json = json.loads(response) 45 response_status = response_json['status'] 46 status_code = response_status['statusCode'] 47 status = response_status['status'] 48 message = response_status['message'] 49 print status_code , status, message
2. httplib2
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1 import urllib, httplib2 2 github_url = ' 3 h = httplib2.Http(".cache") 4 h.add_credentials("user", "******", " 5 data = urllib.urlencode({"name":"test"}) 6 resp, content = h.request(github_url, "POST", data) 7 print content
3. pycurl
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1 import pycurl, json 2 github_url = " 3 user_pwd = "user:*****" 4 data = json.dumps({"name": "test_repo", "description": "Some test repo"}) 5 c = pycurl.Curl() 6 c.setopt(pycurl.URL, github_url) 7 c.setopt(pycurl.USERPWD, user_pwd) 8 c.setopt(pycurl.POST, 1) 9 c.setopt(pycurl.POSTFIELDS, data) 10 c.perform()
4. requests
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1 import requests, json 2 github_url = " 3 data = json.dumps({'name':'test', 'description':'some test repo'}) 4 r = requests.post(github_url, data, auth=('user', '*****')) 5 print r.json
以上几种方式都可以调用API来执行动作,但requests这种方式代码最简洁,最清晰,建议采用。