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  • PostgreSQL精简命令:

    dos命令行连接PostgreSQL:

    1. 接入PostgreSQL数据库: psql -h IP地址 -p 端口 -U 用户名 -d 数据库名
    
    2. 输入数据库密码

    C:UsersadminDesktop
    λ psql -U postgres -d yiibai_db
    用户 postgres 的口令:
    psql (11.1)
    输入 "help" 来获取帮助信息.
    
    yiibai_db=# dt
                    关联列表
     架构模式 |   名称   |  类型  |  拥有者
    ----------+----------+--------+----------
     public   | student  | 数据表 | postgres
     public   | student2 | 数据表 | postgres
    (2 行记录)
    View Code

    查看数据库:

    1. SELECT datname FROM pg_database;
    或者
    2. psql命令行中执行:l (反斜杠l)

    例如:
    yiibai_db=# SElECT datname FROM pg_database;
      datname
    -----------
     postgres
     template1
     template0
     yiibai_db
    (4 行记录)
    
    
    yiibai_db=# l
                                                                                 数据库列表
       名称    |  拥有者  | 字元编码 |                      校对规则                       |                        Ct
    ype                        |       存取权限
    -----------+----------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------
     postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | Chinese (Simplified)_People's Republic of China.936 | Chinese (Simplified)_People's Republic of China.936 |
     template0 | postgres | UTF8     | Chinese (Simplified)_People's Republic of China.936 | Chinese (Simplified)_People's Republic of China.936 | =c/postgres          +
               |          |          |                                                     |
                               | postgres=CTc/postgres
     template1 | postgres | UTF8     | Chinese (Simplified)_People's Republic of China.936 | Chinese (Simplified)_People's Republic of China.936 | =c/postgres          +
               |          |          |                                                     |
                               | postgres=CTc/postgres
     yiibai_db | postgres | UTF8     | Chinese (Simplified)_People's Republic of China.936 | Chinese (Simplified)_People's Republic of China.936 | =Tc/postgres         +
               |          |          |                                                     |
                               | postgres=CTc/postgres
    (4 行记录)
    
    
    yiibai_db=#
    View Code

    切换数据库:

    切换数据库:c databasename
    yiibai_db=# SElECT datname FROM pg_database;
      datname
    -----------
     postgres
     template1
     template0
     yiibai_db
    (4 行记录)
    
    
    yiibai_db=# c postgres;
    您现在已经连接到数据库 "postgres",用户 "postgres".
    postgres=#
    View Code

    查看当前数据库中的表:

    1. SELECT tablename FROM pg_tables WHERE schemaname='public';  # 列出数据库中用户自定义的表名
    或者
    2. psql>dt
    yiibai_db=# dt
                    关联列表
     架构模式 |   名称   |  类型  |  拥有者
    ----------+----------+--------+----------
     public   | student  | 数据表 | postgres
     public   | student2 | 数据表 | postgres
    (2 行记录)
    
    
    yiibai_db=# SELECT tablename FROM yiibai_db;
    ERROR:  relation "yiibai_db" does not exist
    第1行SELECT tablename FROM yiibai_db;
                               ^
    yiibai_db=# SELECT tablename FROM pg_tables WHERE schemaname='public';
     tablename
    -----------
     student
     student2
    (2 行记录)
    View Code

    查看库中某个表的结构:

    使用SQL去查询:
    SELECT a.attnum,
           a.attname AS field,
           t.typname AS type,
           a.attlen AS length,
           a.atttypmod AS lengthvar,
           a.attnotnull AS notnull,
           b.description AS comment
      FROM pg_class c,
           pg_attribute a
           LEFT OUTER JOIN pg_description b ON a.attrelid=b.objoid AND a.attnum = b.objsubid,
           pg_type t
     WHERE c.relname = 'student'
           and a.attnum > 0
           and a.attrelid = c.oid
           and a.atttypid = t.oid
     ORDER BY a.attnum
    View Code

    使用命令查询
    psql>d tablename
    yiibai_db-# d student
                      数据表 "public.student"
       栏位   |      类型      | Collation | Nullable | Default
    ----------+----------------+-----------+----------+---------
     name     | character(100) |           |          |
     id       | integer        |           |          |
     subjects | character(1)   |           |          |
    View Code

    显示数据的字符:encoding

    yiibai_db-# encoding
    GBK
    yiibai_db-#

    修改数据库的表名/表的字段名/表的字段属性:

    1.更改表名 
    
    alter table 表名 rename to 新表名
    
    2.更改字段名
    
    alter table 表名 rename 字段名 to 新字段名
    
    3,更改字段类型
    
    如:ID 字段 原类型为 character varying(50) 新类型为integer
    
    其中,ID中原有数据为1,2,3等数字
    
    用如下语句更改
    
     alter table dbo.titemtype alter column id type integer using to_number(id,'9');
    View Code
    1、增加一列ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;
    2、删除一列
    ALTER TABLE table_name DROP  column_name;
    3、更改列的数据类型
    ALTER TABLE table_name ALTER  column_name TYPE datatype;
    4、表的重命名
    ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_name;
    5、更改列的名字
    ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME column_name to new_column_name;
    6、字段的not null设置
    ALTER TABLE table_name ALTER column_name {SET|DROP} NOT NULL;
    7、给列添加default
    ALTER TABLE table_name ALTER column_name SET DEFAULT expression;
    View Code
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/my-blogs-for-everone/p/10227206.html
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