字符设备驱动： register_chrdev和register_chrdev_region

概述：

register_chrdev与unregister_chrdev配对使用；

/*register_chrdev = __register_chrdev_region （一次性256个子设备，这种固定模式不太好，不能比256更多子设备，所以后来开始废除这种模式）+ cdev_add*/

/* unregister_chrdev =  __unregister_chrdev_region +  cdev_del*/

register_chrdev_region和__register_chrdev_region 功能是一样的；

unregister_chrdev_region和__unregister_chrdev_region功能是一样的；

/*register_chrdev = __register_chrdev_region （一次性256个子设备，这种固定模式不太好，不能比256更多子设备，所以后来开始废除这种模式）+ cdev_add*/

static inline int register_chrdev(unsigned int major, const char *name,
                  const struct file_operations *fops)
{
    return __register_chrdev(major, 0, 256, name, fops);
}


/**
 * __register_chrdev() - create and register a cdev occupying a range of minors
 * @major: major device number or 0 for dynamic allocation
 * @baseminor: first of the requested range of minor numbers
 * @count: the number of minor numbers required
 * @name: name of this range of devices
 * @fops: file operations associated with this devices
 *
 * If @major == 0 this functions will dynamically allocate a major and return
 * its number.
 *
 * If @major > 0 this function will attempt to reserve a device with the given
 * major number and will return zero on success.
 *
 * Returns a -ve errno on failure.
 *
 * The name of this device has nothing to do with the name of the device in
 * /dev. It only helps to keep track of the different owners of devices. If
 * your module name has only one type of devices it's ok to use e.g. the name
 * of the module here.
 */
int __register_chrdev(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
              unsigned int count, const char *name,
              const struct file_operations *fops)
{
    struct char_device_struct *cd;
    struct cdev *cdev;
    int err = -ENOMEM;

    cd = __register_chrdev_region(major, baseminor, count, name);
    if (IS_ERR(cd))
        return PTR_ERR(cd);
    
    cdev = cdev_alloc();
    if (!cdev)
        goto out2;

    cdev->owner = fops->owner;
    cdev->ops = fops;
    kobject_set_name(&cdev->kobj, "%s", name);
        
    err = cdev_add(cdev, MKDEV(cd->major, baseminor), count);
    if (err)
        goto out;

    cd->cdev = cdev;

    return major ? 0 : cd->major;
out:
    kobject_put(&cdev->kobj);
out2:
    kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(cd->major, baseminor, count));
    return err;
}

/* unregister_chrdev =  __unregister_chrdev_region +  cdev_del*/

static inline void unregister_chrdev(unsigned int major, const char *name)
{
    __unregister_chrdev(major, 0, 256, name);
}


/**
 * __unregister_chrdev - unregister and destroy a cdev
 * @major: major device number
 * @baseminor: first of the range of minor numbers
 * @count: the number of minor numbers this cdev is occupying
 * @name: name of this range of devices
 *
 * Unregister and destroy the cdev occupying the region described by
 * @major, @baseminor and @count.  This function undoes what
 * __register_chrdev() did.
 */
void __unregister_chrdev(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
             unsigned int count, const char *name)
{
    struct char_device_struct *cd;

    cd = __unregister_chrdev_region(major, baseminor, count);
    if (cd && cd->cdev)
        cdev_del(cd->cdev);
    kfree(cd);
}

/*register_chrdev_region和__register_chrdev_region 功能是一样的；
unregister_chrdev_region和__unregister_chrdev_region功能是一样的；*/

/**
 * register_chrdev_region() - register a range of device numbers
 * @from: the first in the desired range of device numbers; must include
 *        the major number.
 * @count: the number of consecutive device numbers required
 * @name: the name of the device or driver.
 *
 * Return value is zero on success, a negative error code on failure.
 */
int register_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count, const char *name)
{
    struct char_device_struct *cd;
    dev_t to = from + count;
    dev_t n, next;

    for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
        next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
        if (next > to)
            next = to;
        cd = __register_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n),
                   next - n, name);
        if (IS_ERR(cd))
            goto fail;
    }
    return 0;
fail:
    to = n;
    for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
        next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
        kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n), next - n));
    }
    return PTR_ERR(cd);
}


/**
 * unregister_chrdev_region() - return a range of device numbers
 * @from: the first in the range of numbers to unregister
 * @count: the number of device numbers to unregister
 *
 * This function will unregister a range of @count device numbers,
 * starting with @from.  The caller should normally be the one who
 * allocated those numbers in the first place...
 */
void unregister_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count)
{
    dev_t to = from + count;
    dev_t n, next;

    for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
        next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
        if (next > to)
            next = to;
        kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n), next - n));
    }
}