C# 获取操作系统信息

参见微软官方 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/sysinfo/operating-system-version
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace ConsoleApplication4
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var osInfo = OSHelper.getCurrentOSInfo();
            Console.WriteLine("Version:" + osInfo.Version.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("Name:" + string.Join("|", osInfo.Items.Select(x => x.Name)));
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

    public static class OSHelper
    {
        public class OSInfo
        {
            public OSInfo(Version version, List<OSItem> items)
            {
                this.Version = version;
                this.Items = items;
            }

            public Version Version { get; private set; }
            public List<OSItem> Items { get; private set; }
        }

        public class OSItem
        {
            public OSItem(string name, Version version, bool isServer)
            {
                this.Name = name;
                this.Version = version;
                this.IsServer = isServer;
            }

            public string Name { get; private set; }
            public Version Version { get; private set; }
            public bool IsServer { get; private set; }
        }

        [DllImport("shlwapi.dll", SetLastError = true, EntryPoint = "#437")]
        private static extern bool IsOS(int os);

        const int OS_ANYSERVER = 29;

        private static bool IsWindowsServer()
        {
            return IsOS(OS_ANYSERVER);
        }

        public static OSInfo GetOSInfoFromVersion(Version ver)
        { 
            var osList = new List<OSItem>();
            osList.Add(new OSItem("Windows 10", new Version("10.0"), false));
            osList.Add(new OSItem("Windows Server 2019", new Version("10.0"), true));
            osList.Add(new OSItem("Windows Server 2016", new Version("10.0"), true));
            osList.Add(new OSItem("Windows 8.1", new Version("6.3"), false));
            osList.Add(new OSItem("Windows Server 2012 R2", new Version("6.3"), true));
            osList.Add(new OSItem("Windows 8", new Version("6.2"), false));
            osList.Add(new OSItem("Windows Server 2012", new Version("6.2"), true));
            osList.Add(new OSItem("Windows 7", new Version("6.1 "), false));
            osList.Add(new OSItem("Windows Server 2008 R2", new Version("6.1"), true));
            osList.Add(new OSItem("Windows Server 2008", new Version("6.0"), true));
            osList.Add(new OSItem("Windows Vista", new Version("6.0"), false));
            osList.Add(new OSItem("Windows Server 2003 R2", new Version("5.2"), true));
            osList.Add(new OSItem("Windows Server 2003", new Version("5.2"), true));
            osList.Add(new OSItem("Windows XP 64-Bit Edition", new Version("5.2"), false));
            osList.Add(new OSItem("Windows XP", new Version("5.1"), false));
            osList.Add(new OSItem("Windows 2000", new Version("5.0"), false));

            var os = osList.GroupBy(x => x.Version)
                .ToDictionary(k => k.Key, v => v.ToList());

            var minVersion = os.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Key == os.Min(y => y.Key));
            var maxVersion = os.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Key == os.Max(y => y.Key));

            if (ver < minVersion.Key)
                return new OSInfo(minVersion.Key, minVersion.Value.ToList());

            if (ver > os.Max(x => x.Key))
                return new OSInfo(maxVersion.Key, maxVersion.Value.ToList());

            var item = os.OrderByDescending(x => x.Key).SkipWhile(x => x.Key > ver).FirstOrDefault();
            return new OSInfo(item.Key, item.Value.ToList());
        }

        public static OSInfo getCurrentOSInfo()
        {
            var isServer = IsWindowsServer();
            var osInfo = GetOSInfoFromVersion(Environment.OSVersion.Version);
            var osItems = new List<OSItem>();
            foreach (var osItem in osInfo.Items)
            {
                if (osItem.IsServer == isServer)
                    osItems.Add(osItem);
            }
            return new OSInfo(osInfo.Version, osItems);
        }
    }
}

清单文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<asmv1:assembly manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv2="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <assemblyIdentity version="1.0.0.0" name="MyApplication.app"/>
  <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2">
    <security>
      <requestedPrivileges xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
        <!-- UAC 清单选项
            如果要更改 Windows 用户帐户控制级别，请用以下节点之一替换 
            requestedExecutionLevel 节点。

        <requestedExecutionLevel  level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false" />
        <requestedExecutionLevel  level="requireAdministrator" uiAccess="false" />
        <requestedExecutionLevel  level="highestAvailable" uiAccess="false" />

            指定 requestedExecutionLevel 节点将会禁用文件和注册表虚拟化。
            如果要利用文件和注册表虚拟化实现向后 
            兼容性，则删除 requestedExecutionLevel 节点。
        -->
        <requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false" />
      </requestedPrivileges>
    </security>
  </trustInfo>
  
  <compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1">
    <application>
      <!-- 此应用程序设计使用的所有 Windows 版本的列表。Windows 将会自动选择最兼容的环境。-->

      <!-- 如果应用程序设计使用 Windows 7，请取消注释以下 supportedOS 节点-->
      <supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}" />
      
    </application>
  </compatibility>
  
  <!-- 启用 Windows 公共控件和对话框的主题(Windows XP 和更高版本) -->
  <!-- <dependency>
    <dependentAssembly>
      <assemblyIdentity
          type="win32"
          name="Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls"
          version="6.0.0.0"
          processorArchitecture="*"
          publicKeyToken="6595b64144ccf1df"
          language="*"
        />
    </dependentAssembly>
  </dependency>-->

</asmv1:assembly>

运行结果：

Version:10.0
Name:Windows Server 2019|Windows Server 2016