JWT安装配置

1.登录接口
2.刷新接口
3.自定义返回格式

1.JWT安装配置

1.1 安装JWT

pip install djangorestframework-jwt==1.11.0

# jwt载荷中的有效期设置 
JWT_AUTH = { 
    # 1.token前缀：headers中 Authorization 值的前缀 
    'JWT_AUTH_HEADER_PREFIX': 'JWT', 
    # 2.token有效期：一天有效
    'JWT_EXPIRATION_DELTA': datetime.timedelta(days=1),
    # 3.刷新token：允许使用旧的token换新token 
    'JWT_ALLOW_REFRESH': True, 
    # 4.token有效期：token在24小时内过期, 可续期token 
    'JWT_REFRESH_EXPIRATION_DELTA': datetime.timedelta(hours=24), 
    # 5.自定义JWT载荷信息：自定义返回格式，需要手工创建 
    'JWT_RESPONSE_PAYLOAD_HANDLER': 'user.utils.jwt_response_payload_handler',
}

1.3 syl/settings.py JWT结合DRF进行认证权限配置

# 在DRF配置文件中开启认证和权限 
REST_FRAMEWORK = { 
    ...
    # 用户登陆认证方式
    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [ 
      'rest_framework_jwt.authentication.JSONWebTokenAuthentication', # 在 DRF中配置JWT认证 
        # 'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication', # 使用session时 的认证器 
        # 'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication' # 提交表单时的认 证器 
    ],
    # 权限配置, 顺序靠上的严格 
    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [ 
        # 'rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser', # 管理员可以访问 
           'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated', # 全局配置只有认 证用户可以访问接口 
        # 'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly', # 认证用户可以访 问, 否则只能读取 
        # 'rest_framework.permissions.AllowAny', # 所有用户都可以 访问 
    ]
    ,...
        
}

1.4 user/urls.py 增加获取token接口和刷新token接口

from django.urls import include, path 
from rest_framework.authtoken.views import obtain_auth_token 

from user import views
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter, DefaultRouter 
from rest_framework_jwt.views import obtain_jwt_token, refresh_jwt_token 

# 自动生成路由方法, 必须使用视图集 
# router = SimpleRouter() # 没有根路由 /user/ 无法识别 
router = DefaultRouter() # 有根路由 
router.register(r'user', views.UserViewSet) 

urlpatterns = [ 
    path('index/', views.index), # 函数视图 
    path('login/', obtain_jwt_token), # 获取token，登录视图 
    path('refresh/', refresh_jwt_token), # 刷新token 
    path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')), # 认证地址 
]
urlpatterns += router.urls # 模块地址
# print(router.urls)

1.5 在user/utils.py中从写jwt_response_payload_handler

def jwt_response_payload_handler(token, user=None, request=None, role=None): 
    """
    自定义jwt认证成功返回数据 
    :token 返回的jwt 
    :user 当前登录的用户信息[对象]
    :request 当前本次客户端提交过来的数据 
    :role 角色 
    """
    if user.first_name:
        name = user.first_name         
    else:
        name = user.username 
    return { 
        'authenticated': 'true',
        'id': user.id, 
        "role": role, 
        'name': name, 
        'username': user.username,
        'email': user.email, 
        'token': token, 
    }

2.postman测试接口

2.1 测试登录接口，获取token

http://192.168.56.100:8888/user/login/

'''自定义认证和权限优先级更高，可以覆盖settings.py中的 ''' 
# 自定义权限类 
permission_classes = (MyPermission,) 
# 自定义认证类, 自定义会覆盖全局配置 
authentication_classes = (JSONWebTokenAuthentication,)

2.2 使用获得的token获取所有用户信息

http://192.168.56.100:8888/user/user/

3.源码分析

class JSONWebTokenAPIView(APIView): 
    """ 
    Base API View that various JWT interactions inherit from.
    """ 
    permission_classes = ()
    authentication_classes = () 
    def get_serializer_context(self): 
        """ 
        Extra context provided to the serializer class.
        """ 
        return {
            'request': self.request, 
            'view': self,
        }
    def get_serializer_class(self): 
        """

 　　　　Return the class to use for the serializer. Defaults to using `self.serializer_class`.
 You may want to override this if you need to provide different serializations depending on the incoming request. 
(Eg. admins get full serialization, others get basic serialization) 
        """
        assert self.serializer_class is not None, (
            "'%s' should either include a `serializer_class` attribute, " 
            "or override the `get_serializer_class()` method." 
            % self.__class__.__name__) 
        return self.serializer_class
    
    def get_serializer(self, *args, **kwargs): 
        """ Return the serializer instance that should be used for validating and deserializing input, and for serializing output.
        """ 
        serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class() 
        kwargs['context'] = self.get_serializer_context() 
        return serializer_class(*args, **kwargs)
    
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): 
        serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data) 
        
        if serializer.is_valid():
            user = serializer.object.get('user') or request.user # User表对象 
            token = serializer.object.get('token') # 获取到生成的 token 
            response_data = jwt_response_payload_handler(token, user, request) 
            response = Response(response_data) 
            if api_settings.JWT_AUTH_COOKIE: 
                expiration = (datetime.utcnow() + 
                              api_settings.JWT_EXPIRATION_DELTA) 
                response.set_cookie(api_settings.JWT_AUTH_COOKIE, 
                                    token,
                                    expires=expiration, 
                                    httponly=True)
                return response 
            return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)